Ukwehla kwemveliso yejenereyitha yamanzi
(1) Isizathu
Phantsi kwemeko yentloko yamanzi engaguqukiyo, xa ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo kufikelele kwindawo evulekileyo engenamthwalo, kodwa i-turbine ingafikeleli kwisantya esilinganisiweyo, okanye xa ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo kukhulu kunokuqala kwimveliso efanayo, kucingelwa ukuba imveliso yeyunithi iyancipha. Izizathu eziphambili zokwehla kwemveliso zezi zilandelayo: 1. Ukulahleka kokuhamba kwe-turbine ye-hydraulic; 2. Ukulahleka kwe-hydraulic ye-turbine ye-hydraulic; 3. Ukulahleka koomatshini kwe-turbine ye-hydraulic.
(2) Isiphatho
1. Phantsi kwemeko yokusebenza kweyunithi okanye ukuvalwa kwayo, ubunzulu obungaphantsi kwamanzi betyhubhu yokudonsa akufuneki bube ngaphantsi kwe-300mm (ngaphandle kwe-implife turbine). 2. Nika ingqalelo ekungeneni kwamanzi okanye ukuphuma kwawo ukuze ugcine ukuhamba kwamanzi kulungelelene kwaye kungaphazanyiswa. 3. Gcina i-runner isebenza phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kwaye uyivale ukuze ihlolwe kwaye inyangwe xa kukho ingxolo. 4. Kwi-turbine ye-blade eqinisiweyo yokuhamba kwe-axial, ukuba imveliso yeyunithi yehla ngequbuliso kwaye ukungcangcazela kuyaqina, kufuneka ivalwe ngoko nangoko ukuze ihlolwe.
2, Ubushushu bephedi yokuthwala iyunithi bunyuka kakhulu
(1) Isizathu
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeebheringi zeturbine: i-guide bearing kunye ne-thrust bearing. Iimeko zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwebheringi kukufakelwa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuthambisa kakuhle kunye nokunikezelwa okuqhelekileyo kwamanzi okupholisa. Iindlela zokuthambisa zihlala ziquka ukuthambisa ngamanzi, ukuthambisa ioyile encinci kunye nokuthambisa okomileyo. Izizathu zokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kobushushu be-shaft zezi zilandelayo: okokuqala, umgangatho wokufakelwa kwebheringi awulunganga okanye ibheringi igugile; Okwesibini, ukusilela kwenkqubo yeoyile yokuthambisa; Okwesithathu, ilebhile yeoyile yokuthambisa ayihambelani okanye umgangatho yeoyile awulunganga; Okwesine, ukusilela kwenkqubo yamanzi okupholisa; Okwesihlanu, iyunithi iyangcangcazela ngenxa yesizathu esithile; Okwesithandathu, inqanaba leoyile yebheringi liphantsi kakhulu ngenxa yokuvuza kweoyile.
(2) Isiphatho
1. Kwi-bearings ezithanjiswe ngamanzi, amanzi okuthambisa kufuneka ahluzwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wamanzi. Amanzi akufuneki abe ne-sediment eninzi kunye nezinto zeoyile ukunciphisa ukuguguleka kwee-bearings kunye nokuguga kwerabha.
2. Iibheringi ezityibilikisiweyo ngeoyile ezincinci zihlala zisebenzisa ukujikeleza kwazo, kunye ne-oil slinger kunye ne-thrust disc. Zijikeleziswa yiyunithi kwaye zibonelelwa ngeoyile ngokujikeleza kwazo. Nika ingqalelo kwimeko yokusebenza ye-oil slinger. I-oil slinger ayizukunamathela. Unikezelo lweoyile kwi-thrust disc kunye nenqanaba leoyile yetanki yeoyile yeposi kufuneka libe kumgangatho ofanayo.
3. Thambisa i-bearing ngeoyile eyomileyo. Nika ingqalelo ukuba iinkcukacha zeoyile eyomileyo ziyahambelana na neoyile eyomileyo kunye nokuba umgangatho weoyile ulungile na. Yongeza ioyile rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo evulekileyo yi-1/3 ~ 2/5.
4. Isixhobo sokutywina sombhobho wamanzi othwala kunye nowokupholisa masibe siqinile ukuthintela amanzi axinzelelweyo kunye nothuli ukuba lungangeni kwi-bearing kwaye lonakalise ukuthambisa okuqhelekileyo kwe-bearing.
5. Ukususwa kokufakwa kwebheyari yokuthambisa kunxulumene noxinzelelo lweyunithi, isantya sokujikeleza esithe ngqo, imo yokuthambisa, i-oyile ethambileyo, ukucutshungulwa kwecandelo, ukuchaneka kokufakwa kunye nokungcangcazela kweyunithi.
3, iyunithi yokungcangcazela
(1) Ukungcangcazela koomatshini, ukungcangcazela okubangelwa zizizathu zoomatshini.
isizathu; Okokuqala, i-hydraulic turbine ithambekele ecaleni; Okwesibini, iziko le-axis ye-turbine yamanzi kunye nejenereyitha alichanekanga kwaye uqhagamshelo alulunganga; Okwesithathu, ibheyiri ineziphene okanye ukulungiswa okungafanelekanga kwe-clearance, ingakumbi i-clearance inkulu kakhulu; Okwesine, kukho ukungqubana kunye nokungqubana phakathi kweendawo ezijikelezayo kunye neendawo ezimileyo.
(2) Ukungcangcazela kwe-hydraulic, ukungcangcazela kweyunithi okubangelwa kukungalingani kwamanzi angena kwi-runner
Izizathu: okokuqala, i-guide vane yonakele kwaye i-bolt yaphukile, nto leyo ebangela ukuvuleka okwahlukileyo kwe-guide vane kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi okungalinganiyo ngeenxa zonke ze-runner; Okwesibini, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo kwi-volute okanye i-runner ivalwe ziintlobo ngeentlobo, ukuze ukuhamba kwamanzi okujikeleza i-runner kungalingani; Okwesithathu, ukuhamba kwamanzi kwi-draft tube akuzinzanga, nto leyo ebangela utshintsho oluqhubekayo kuxinzelelo lwamanzi kwi-draft tube, okanye umoya ungena kwi-spiral case ye-hydraulic turbine, nto leyo ebangela ukungcangcazela kweyunithi kunye nokuduma kokuhamba kwamanzi.
(3) Ukungcangcazela kombane kubhekisa ekungcangcazeleni kweyunithi okubangelwa kukulahlekelwa yibhalansi okanye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubungakanani bombane.
Izizathu: okokuqala, umsinga wamandla e-generator onezigaba ezintathu awulingani ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yokungalingani kwamandla e-electromagnetic anezigaba ezintathu awulingani; Okwesibini, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwamandla e-current olubangelwa yingozi yombane lukhokelela ekungahambelani ngokukhawuleza kwesantya se-generator kunye ne-turbine; Okwesithathu, umsantsa ongalinganiyo phakathi kwe-stator kunye ne-rotor ubangela ukungazinzi kwe-magnetic field ejikelezayo.
(4) Ukungcangcazela kwe-cavitation, ukungcangcazela kweyunithi okubangelwa kukufakelwa kwe-cavitation.
Izizathu: okokuqala, ubukhulu bokungcangcazela okubangelwa kukungalingani kwe-hydraulic buyanda ngokunyuka kokuhamba; Okwesibini, ukungcangcazela okubangelwa ngumgijimi ongalinganiyo, unxibelelwano olubi lweyunithi kunye nokungaqheleki, kwaye ubukhulu bokungcangcazela buyanda ngokunyuka kwesantya esijikelezayo; Okwesithathu kukungcangcazela okubangelwa yijenereyitha yombane. Ubukhulu bokungcangcazela buyanda ngokunyuka komsinga wokukhupha umoya. Xa ukungcangcazela kususiwe, ukungcangcazela kunokunyamalala; Okwesine kukungcangcazela okubangelwa kukukhukuliseka kwe-cavitation. Ubukhulu bayo bunxulumene nommandla womthwalo, ngamanye amaxesha uphazamisekile kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unamandla. Kwangaxeshanye, kukho ingxolo engqongqozayo kwityhubhu yokudonsa umoya, kwaye kunokubakho ukujija kwimitha yokukhupha umoya.
4, Ubushushu bebheyaringi yeyunithi buyanyuka kwaye buphezulu kakhulu
(1) Isizathu
1. Izizathu zokugcinwa nokufakelwa: ukuvuza kwesitya seoyile, indawo engafanelekanga yokufakwa kwetyhubhu yepitot, umsantsa wethayile ongafanelekiyo, ukungcangcazela okungaqhelekanga kweyunithi okubangelwa ngumgangatho wokufakwa, njl.njl.;
2. Izizathu zokusebenza: ukusebenza kwindawo yokungcangcazela, ukungaphumeleli ukubona umgangatho weoyile yokuthwala ongaqhelekanga kunye nenqanaba leoyile, ukungaphumeleli ukongeza ioyile ngexesha, ukungaphumeleli ukubona ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi okupholisa kunye nomthamo wamanzi owaneleyo, okubangela ukusebenza komatshini ixesha elide ngesantya esiphantsi, njl.
(2) Isiphatho
1. Xa ubushushu bebheri bunyuka, qala ujonge ioyile yokuthambisa, yongeza ioyile eyongezelelweyo ngexesha okanye udibanise ukuze ufake ioyile endaweni yayo; Lungisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi abandayo okanye utshintshe imo yokuhambisa amanzi; Vavanya ukuba ukushukuma kweyunithi kudlula umgangatho. Ukuba ukushukuma akunakususwa, kuya kuvalwa;
2. Kwimeko yokukhusela ubushushu, jonga ukuba ukuvalwa kuqhelekile na kwaye ujonge ukuba isihlahla esithwalayo sitshisiwe na. Nje ukuba isihlahla sitshisiwe, sitshintshe ngesihlahla esitsha okanye usigaye kwakhona.
5, Ukusilela kokulawula isantya
Xa ukuvulwa kwerhuluneli kuvaliwe ngokupheleleyo, umgijimi akanakuma de ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane kungakwazi ukulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba kukusilela kokulawula isantya. Izizathu: okokuqala, uqhagamshelo lwe-guide vane lugobile, olungakwaziyo ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane, ukuze i-guide vane ingakwazi ukuvalwa, kwaye iyunithi ingakwazi ukuyeka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye iiyunithi ezincinci azinazo izixhobo zokubhuleka, kwaye iyunithi ayinakuma okomzuzwana phantsi kwesenzo se-inertia. Okwangoku, ungacingi ngempazamo ukuba ayikavalwa. Ukuba uqhubeka nokuvala i-guide vane, intonga yokudibanisa iya kugobeka. Okwesibini, ukungaphumeleli kokulawula isantya kubangelwa kukungaphumeleli kwe-automatic governor. Kwimeko yokusebenza okungaqhelekanga kweyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi, ngakumbi kwimeko yengxaki yokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kweyunithi, zama ukumisa umatshini ngoko nangoko ukuze unyangwe. Ukusebenza kancinci kuya kwandisa kuphela isiphene. Ukuba irhuluneli iyasilela kwaye indlela yokuvula i-guide vane ayinakuma, ivalvu ephambili ye-turbine iya kusetyenziselwa ukucima ukuhamba kwamanzi kwi-turbine.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango: 1. Coca rhoqo iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo sokuhambisa amanzi, ugcine sicocekile, kwaye ugcwalise rhoqo indawo eshukumayo; 2. Irekhi yenkunkuma kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo yokungena kwaye icocwe rhoqo; 3. Kwi-hydraulic turbine nasiphi na isixhobo sesithuthi, qaphela ukutshintsha ii-brake pads ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye wongeze ioyile yebrake.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Oktobha-18-2021
