Ukwehla komkhiqizo wejeneretha yamanzi
(1) Imbangela
Ngaphansi kwesimo sekhanda lamanzi elingaguquki, lapho ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane sekufinyelele ekuvulekeni okungenamthwalo, kodwa i-turbine ingafinyeleli isivinini esilinganiselwe, noma lapho ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane kukhulu kunokwasekuqaleni ekuphumeni okufanayo, kubhekwa ukuthi ukukhishwa kweyunithi kuyehla. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwehla kokukhishwa yilezi ezilandelayo: 1. Ukulahleka kokugeleza kwe-hydraulic turbine; 2. Ukulahleka kwe-hydraulic turbine hydraulic; 3. Ukulahleka kwe-hydraulic turbine ngomshini.
(2) Isibambo
1. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokusebenza kweyunithi noma ukuvala, ukujula okucwiliswe yi-draft tube akufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-300mm (ngaphandle kwe-implifier turbine). 2. Naka ukungena kwamanzi noma ukuphuma kwawo ukuze ugcine ukugeleza kwamanzi kulinganisela futhi kungaphazanyiswa. 3. Gcina i-runner isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile bese uyivala ukuze ihlolwe futhi iphathwe uma kwenzeka umsindo. 4. Kwi-axial flow fixed blade turbine, uma ukuphuma kweyunithi kwehla ngokuzumayo futhi ukudlidliza kukhula, kufanele ivalwe ngokushesha ukuze ihlolwe.
2, Izinga lokushisa lephedi yokuthwala iyunithi likhuphuka kakhulu
(1) Imbangela
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-turbine bearing: i-guide bearing kanye ne-thrust bearing. Izimo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-bearing ukufakwa okulungile, ukugcotshwa okuhle kanye nokunikezwa okuvamile kwamanzi okupholisa. Izindlela zokugcoba zivame ukufaka ukugcotshwa kwamanzi, ukugcotshwa kwamafutha amancane kanye nokugcotshwa okomile. Izizathu zokwenyuka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa lomgodi yilezi ezilandelayo: okokuqala, ikhwalithi yokufaka i-bearing ayilungile noma i-bearing igugile; Okwesibili, ukwehluleka kohlelo lwamafutha okugcoba; Okwesithathu, ilebula lamafutha okugcoba alihambisani noma ikhwalithi yamafutha ayilungile; Okwesine, ukwehluleka kohlelo lwamanzi okupholisa; Okwesihlanu, iyunithi iyadlidliza ngenxa yesizathu esithile; Okwesithupha, izinga lamafutha le-bearing liphansi kakhulu ngenxa yokuvuza kwamafutha.
(2) Isibambo
1. Kuma-bearing agcotshwe ngamanzi, amanzi okugcoba kufanele ahlungwe ngokuqinile ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yamanzi. Amanzi akufanele aqukathe inani elikhulu le-sediment nezinto zamafutha ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguguleka kwama-bearing kanye nokuguga kwerabha.
2. Ama-bearings amancane agcotshwe ngamafutha ngokuvamile asebenzisa ukuzijikeleza, ane-oil slinger kanye ne-thrust disc. Ajikeleziswa yiyunithi futhi anikezwe uwoyela ngokuzijikeleza. Nakisisa isimo sokusebenza se-oil slinger. I-oil slinger akufanele inamathele. Ukunikezwa kukawoyela kwi-thrust disc kanye nezinga likawoyela lethangi likawoyela leposi kufanele kube ngokulinganayo.
3. Gcoba i-bearing ngamafutha omile. Qaphela ukuthi incazelo yamafutha omile iyahambisana yini namafutha omile nokuthi ikhwalithi yamafutha ilungile yini. Faka uwoyela njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-bearing clearance ingu-1/3 ~ 2/5.
4. Idivayisi yokuvala yepayipi lamanzi elithwalayo nelipholisayo kufanele ihlale injalo ukuvimbela amanzi acindezelayo kanye nothuli ukuthi kungangeni ebhereyini futhi kulimaze ukugcotshwa okuvamile kwebhereyini.
5. Ukuvunyelwa kokufakwa kwebhereyitha yokugcoba kuhlobene nokucindezela kweyunithi, isivinini sokujikeleza esiqondile, imodi yokugcoba, i-viscosity kawoyela, ukucutshungulwa kwezingxenye, ukunemba kokufakwa kanye nokudlidliza kweyunithi.
3, Ukudlidliza kweyunithi
(1) Ukudlidliza komshini, ukudlidliza okubangelwa yizizathu zomshini.
isizathu; Okokuqala, i-hydraulic turbine ithambekele; Okwesibili, isikhungo se-axis se-turbine yamanzi kanye nejenereyitha asilungile futhi ukuxhumana akukuhle; Okwesithathu, ibhereyi ineziphambeko noma ukulungiswa okungafanele kwesikhala, ikakhulukazi isikhala sikhulu kakhulu; Okwesine, kukhona ukungqubuzana nokushayisana phakathi kwezingxenye ezijikelezayo nezingxenye ezimile.
(2) Ukudlidliza kwe-Hydraulic, ukudlidliza kweyunithi okubangelwa ukungalingani kwamanzi ageleza angene ku-runner
Izizathu: okokuqala, i-guide vane yonakele futhi ibhawodi liphukile, okuholela ekuvulekeni okuhlukile kwe-guide vane kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi okungalingani nxazonke kwe-runner; Okwesibili, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ku-volute noma i-runner ivinjwe yizinhlobo ezahlukene, ukuze ukugeleza kwamanzi nxazonke kwe-runner kungalingani; Okwesithathu, ukugeleza kwamanzi epayipini lokudonsa amanzi akuzinzile, okuholela ekushintsheni okuvamile ekucindezelweni kwamanzi epayipini lokudonsa amanzi, noma umoya ungena ekhesini elijikelezayo le-hydraulic turbine, okubangela ukudlidliza kweyunithi kanye nokuduma kokugeleza kwamanzi.
(3) Ukudlidliza kukagesi kubhekisela ekudlidlizeni kweyunithi okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi noma ushintsho oluzumayo lwenani likagesi.
Izizathu: okokuqala, ugesi wesigaba sesithathu wejenereyitha awulingani kakhulu. Ngenxa yokungalingani kwamanje, amandla kagesi wesigaba sesithathu awalingani; Okwesibili, ushintsho olusheshayo lwamandla kagesi olubangelwa ingozi kagesi luholela ekungavumelanini okusheshayo kwejubane lejenereyitha ne-turbine; Okwesithathu, igebe elingalingani phakathi kwe-stator ne-rotor libangela ukungazinzi kwensimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo.
(4) Ukudlidliza kwe-cavitation, ukudlidliza kweyunithi okubangelwa ukudlidliza kwe-cavitation.
Izizathu: okokuqala, ubukhulu bokudlidliza okubangelwa ukungalingani kwe-hydraulic buyanda ngokwanda kokugeleza; Okwesibili, ukudlidliza okubangelwa umgijimi ongalingani, ukuxhumana okungekuhle kweyunithi kanye nokungajwayelekile, kanye nobukhulu bokudlidliza okubangelwa ukwanda kwesivinini esijikelezayo; Okwesithathu ukudlidliza okubangelwa yijeneretha kagesi. Ubukhulu buyanda ngokwanda komsinga wokucindezela. Lapho ukudlidliza kususwa, ukudlidliza kunganyamalala; Okwesine ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukuguguleka kwe-cavitation. Ubukhulu bayo buhlobene nendawo yomthwalo, ngezinye izikhathi kuphazamiseke futhi ngezinye izikhathi kube nobudlova. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunomsindo ongqongqozayo epayipini lokudonsa, futhi kungaba nokujikijela kumitha yokudonsa.
4, Izinga lokushisa lephedi yokuthwala leyunithi liyakhuphuka futhi liphezulu kakhulu
(1) Imbangela
1. Izizathu zokugcinwa nokufakwa: ukuvuza kwesitsha samafutha, indawo engafanele yokufaka ishubhu le-pitot, igebe lethayela elingafanele, ukudlidliza kweyunithi okungavamile okubangelwa ikhwalithi yokufaka, njll.;
2. Izizathu zokusebenza: ukusebenza endaweni yokudlidliza, ukwehluleka ukubona ikhwalithi kawoyela othwalayo engajwayelekile kanye nezinga likawoyela, ukwehluleka ukwengeza uwoyela ngesikhathi, ukwehluleka ukubona ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi okupholisa kanye nomthamo wamanzi owanele, okuholela ekusebenzeni komshini isikhathi eside ngesivinini esiphansi, njll.
(2) Isibambo
1. Uma izinga lokushisa lokuthwala likhuphuka, qala uhlole uwoyela wokugcoba, engeza uwoyela owengeziwe ngesikhathi noma uthinte ukuze ufake uwoyela esikhundleni sawo; Lungisa ingcindezi yamanzi apholile noma ushintshe imodi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi; Hlola ukuthi ukujikijela kokudlidliza kweyunithi kudlula yini izinga elijwayelekile. Uma ukudlidliza kungenakuqedwa, kuzovalwa;
2. Uma kwenzeka indawo yokukhipha ugesi ivikelwe izinga lokushisa, qapha ukuthi ukuvala kuyinto evamile yini bese uhlola ukuthi isihlahla esithwalayo sishisiwe yini. Uma isihlahla sesishisiwe, sishintshe ngesihlahla esisha noma usigaye futhi.
5, Ukwehluleka kokulawula isivinini
Uma ukuvulwa kwe-governtor kuvaliwe ngokuphelele, i-runner ayikwazi ukuma kuze kube yilapho ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane kungakwazi ukulawulwa ngempumelelo. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka kokulawula isivinini. Izizathu: okokuqala, ukuxhumeka kwe-guide vane kugobile, okungakwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane, ukuze i-guide vane ingavalwa, futhi iyunithi ayikwazi ukuma. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amanye amayunithi amancane awanazo izisetshenziswa zokubhuleka, futhi iyunithi ayikwazi ukuma isikhashana ngaphansi kwesenzo se-inertia. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungacabangi ngephutha ukuthi ayikavalwa. Uma uqhubeka nokuvala i-guide vane, induku yokuxhuma izogobile. Okwesibili, ukwehluleka kokulawulwa kwesivinini kubangelwa ukwehluleka kwe-othomathikhi ye-governtor. Uma kwenzeka ukusebenza okungajwayelekile kweyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka inkinga ekusebenzeni okuphephile kweyunithi, zama ukumisa umshini ngokushesha ukuze welashwe. Ukusebenza kancane kuzokwandisa iphutha kuphela. Uma i-governtor yehluleka futhi indlela yokuvula i-guide vane ingakwazi ukuma, i-valve eyinhloko ye-turbine kufanele isetshenziselwe ukusika ukugeleza kwamanzi ku-turbine.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha: 1. Hlanza njalo izinhlobo ezahlukene zendlela yokuqondisa amanzi, uyigcine ihlanzekile, futhi ugcwalise njalo ingxenye enyakazayo ngophethiloli; 2. Irekhi kadoti kumele ibekwe endaweni yokungena futhi ihlanzwe njalo; 3. Ukuze i-hydraulic turbine isebenzise noma iyiphi idivayisi yemoto, naka ukufaka ama-brake pad ngesikhathi esifanele bese ufaka uwoyela wamabhuleki.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-18-2021
