1. Menene abubuwa shida na daidaitawa da daidaitawa a cikin shigar da injin? Ta yaya za a fahimci karkacewar da aka yarda da shigarwar kayan aikin lantarki?
Amsa: Abubuwa:
1) Jirgin saman yana madaidaiciya, a kwance kuma a tsaye. 2) Zagayen saman silinda da kansa, matsayin tsakiya da kuma tsakiyar juna. 3) Matsayi mai santsi, a kwance, a tsaye da kuma tsakiyar shaft. 4) Matsayin ɓangaren a kan jirgin kwance. 5) Tsawa (ɗagawa) na ɓangaren. 6) Gibin da ke tsakanin saman da saman, da sauransu.
Domin tantance bambancin da aka yarda da shi don shigar da kayan aikin lantarki, dole ne a yi la'akari da ingancin aikin na'urar da sauƙin shigarwa. Idan bambancin shigarwa da aka yarda ya yi ƙanƙanta, aikin gyara da daidaitawa zai yi rikitarwa, kuma ya kamata a tsawaita lokacin gyara da daidaitawa; dole ne a ƙayyade bambancin da aka yarda da shigarwa Idan ya yi girma sosai, zai rage daidaiton shigarwa na sashin makaranta da aminci da amincin aiki, kuma kai tsaye zai shafi samar da wutar lantarki ta al'ada.
2. Me yasa za a iya kawar da kuskuren mitar matakin murabba'i da kanta ta hanyar auna kai?
Amsa: Idan aka ɗauka cewa ƙarshen ɗaya na ma'aunin matakin shine A kuma ɗayan ƙarshen shine B, kuskurensa yana sa kumfa ya matsa zuwa ƙarshe A (a hagu) adadin grids shine m. Lokacin amfani da wannan matakin don auna matakin ɓangaren, kuskuren matakin da kansa yana sa kumfa ya ƙare A (a hagu) ya motsa grids m, bayan juyawa, kuskuren da ke ciki yana sa kumfa har yanzu ya motsa adadin grids iri ɗaya zuwa ƙarshe A (a yanzu), a akasin haka, wanda shine -m, sannan a yi amfani da dabarar δ=(A1+A2)/2* A cikin lissafin C*D, kuskuren ciki yana sa adadin ƙwayoyin halitta su motsa kumfa su soke juna, wanda ba shi da tasiri akan adadin ƙwayoyin da kumfa ke motsawa saboda sassan ba su da daidaito, don haka yana kawar da tasirin kuskuren kayan aikin akan ma'auni.
3. A taƙaice bayyana abubuwan gyara da daidaitawa da hanyoyin shigar da layin bututun da aka zana?
Hanyar Amsa: Da farko, yi alama a matsayin axis na X, -X, Y, -Y a saman bakin rufin, sanya firam ɗin tsakiyar hawa a wurin da simintin ramin ya fi girma fiye da radius na waje na zoben kujera, kuma motsa layin tsakiya da ɗaga naúrar zuwa tsayi. A kan firam ɗin tsakiya, ana rataye layukan piano na X-axis da Y-axis a kan madaidaiciyar kwance kamar firam ɗin tsakiyar hawa da axis na X da Y. Layukan piano guda biyu suna da wani bambanci na tsayi. Bayan an kafa cibiyar ɗagawa kuma an sake duba ta, za a gudanar da cibiyar layi. Aunawa da daidaitawa. Rataya guduma huɗu masu nauyi a wurin da layin piano ya daidaita da alamar bututun sama na layin, daidaita jack da shimfiɗa don ƙarshen guduma mai nauyi ya daidaita da alamar bututun sama, a wannan lokacin tsakiyar bututun sama na layin da tsakiyar naúrar Unanimous. Sannan yi amfani da mai mulki na ƙarfe don auna nisan daga mafi ƙasƙanci wurin bututun sama zuwa layin piano. Yi amfani da layin piano don saita tsayin da kuma cire nisan don samun ainihin tsayin bututun saman rufin. A cikin kewayon karkacewa da aka yarda.
4. Yadda ake aiwatar da shigarwa da sanya zoben ƙasa da murfin sama kafin a fara aiki?
Amsa: Da farko, a rataye zoben ƙasa a ƙasan zoben wurin zama. Dangane da rata tsakanin zoben ƙasa da rami na biyu na zoben wurin zama, a yi amfani da farantin wedge don daidaita tsakiyar zoben ƙasa da farko, sannan a rataye a cikin rabin zoben jagora masu motsi daidai gwargwado bisa ga lambar. Na'urar jagora tana juyawa cikin sassauƙa kuma ana iya karkatar da ita zuwa ga kewaye, in ba haka ba, za a sarrafa diamita na ramin ɗaukar kaya, sannan a dakatar da murfin sama da hannun riga. Ana amfani da tsakiyar zoben da ke hana zubewa da ke ƙasa azaman ma'auni, a rataye layin tsakiya na na'urar turbine, a auna tsakiya da zagaye na zoben da ke hana zubewa na sama, sannan a daidaita matsayin tsakiya na murfin sama, don bambancin da ke tsakanin kowane radius da matsakaici bai wuce gibin ƙira na zoben da ke hana zubewa ±10% ba, bayan an kammala daidaita murfin sama, a ƙara maƙullan da aka haɗa na murfin sama da zoben wurin zama. Sannan a auna kuma a daidaita haɗin zoben ƙasa da murfin sama, sannan a ƙarshe a daidaita zoben ƙasa kawai bisa ga murfin sama, a yi amfani da farantin wedge don haɗa rata tsakanin zoben ƙasa da rami na uku na zoben wurin zama, sannan a daidaita motsin radial na zoben ƙasa. Yi amfani da jacks 4 don daidaita motsi na axial, a auna sarari tsakanin ƙarshen sama da na ƙasa na vane na jagora don yin △babba ≈ △ƙanana, kuma a auna sarari tsakanin bushing na vane na jagora da littafin don sanya shi cikin kewayon da aka yarda. Sannan a haƙa ramukan fil don murfin sama da zoben ƙasa bisa ga zane-zanen, kuma an riga an haɗa murfin sama da zoben ƙasa.
5. Bayan an ɗaga ɓangaren juyawa na injin turbine zuwa cikin ramin, ta yaya za a daidaita shi?
Amsa: Da farko daidaita matsayin tsakiya, daidaita gibin tsakanin ƙaramin zobe mai juyawa da rami na huɗu na zoben wurin zama, ɗaga ƙaramin zoben o-leak mai gyara, tura fil ɗin, matse ƙusoshin haɗin kai daidai gwargwado, sannan a auna tasha mai juyawa ta ƙasa da ma'aunin ji. Gibin da ke tsakanin zoben zubar da ruwa da ƙaramin zoben da ke hana zubar da ruwa, bisa ga ainihin gibin da aka auna, yi amfani da jack don daidaita matsayin tsakiya na mai gudu, kuma yi amfani da alamar kira don sa ido kan daidaitawar. Sannan a daidaita matakin, a sanya matakin a kan matsayi huɗu na saman flange na babban shaft na turbine, sannan a daidaita farantin wedge a ƙarƙashin mai gudu don yin karkacewar matakin saman flange a cikin kewayon da aka yarda.
6. Waɗanne hanyoyi ne ake bi wajen shigarwa bayan an ɗaga na'urar janareta mai jure turbine?
Amsa: 1) Zuba siminti na matakin farko na biyu; 2) Ɗaga firam na sama; 3) Shigar da beyar da aka tura; 4) Daidaita axis na janareta; 5) Babban haɗin shaft 6) Daidaita axis na naúrar; 7) Daidaita ƙarfin beyar da aka tura; 8) gyara tsakiyar ɓangaren da ke juyawa; 9) shigar da beyar jagora; 10) shigar da injin fitar da iska da na'urar maganadisu ta dindindin; 11) shigar da wasu kayan haɗi;
7. Bayyana hanyar shigarwa da matakan tayal ɗin jagorar ruwa.
Amsa: Hanyar shigarwa 1) Daidaita matsayin shigarwa bisa ga takamaiman izinin ƙirar jagorar ruwa, juyawar axis na na'urar da matsayin babban shaft; 2) Sanya takalmin jagorar ruwa daidai gwargwado bisa ga buƙatun ƙira; 3) Tabbatar da izinin da aka gyara Bayan haka, yi amfani da jacks ko faranti na wedge don daidaitawa;
8. A takaice bayyana haɗari da kuma maganin wutar shaft.
Amsa: Haɗari: Saboda wanzuwar wutar shaft, akwai ƙaramin tasirin zaizayar ƙasa tsakanin mujallar da bishiyar bearing, wanda ke sa ƙarfen bearing ya manne a hankali a cikin mujallar, ya lalata kyakkyawan saman aiki na bishiyar bearing, ya haifar da zafi fiye da kima na bearing, har ma ya lalata bearing. Haɗin bearing yana narkewa; ban da haka, saboda electrolysis na dogon lokaci na wutar, man mai shafawa zai kuma lalace, ya yi baƙi, ya rage aikin mai, kuma ya ƙara zafin bearing. Magani: Domin hana wutar shaft ta lalata bishiyar bearing, dole ne a raba bearing daga tushe tare da insulator don yanke madaurin wutar shaft. Gabaɗaya, dole ne a rufe bearing ɗin da ke gefen exciter (bearing thrust da bearing jagora), tushen mai karɓar mai, igiyar waya mai dawowa ta gwamna, da sauransu, kuma dole ne a rufe sukurori da fil ɗin da ke gyara tallafi. Dole ne a busar da duk masu insulators a gaba. Bayan an sanya insulator, ya kamata a duba insulator ɗin da ke kaiwa ƙasa da injin girgiza wutar lantarki na 500V don kada ya gaza megohm 0.5.
9. A taƙaice bayyana manufar da hanyar juya na'urar.
Amsa: Manufa: Tunda ainihin saman gogayya na farantin madubi ba ya daidaita da axis na na'urar, kuma axis ɗin kansa ba shine madaidaiciyar layi ba, lokacin da na'urar ke juyawa, layin tsakiya na na'urar zai karkata daga layin tsakiya. Auna kuma daidaita axis don nazarin dalili, girma da kuma yanayin juyawar axis. Kuma ta hanyar hanyar goge saman haɗin da ya dace, rashin daidaituwa tsakanin saman gogayya na farantin madubi da axis, da kuma saman haɗin flange da axis, don haka za a rage juyawa zuwa kewayon da ƙa'idodi suka yarda.
Hanyar:
1) Yi amfani da crane na gada a masana'anta a matsayin wutar lantarki, hanyar jan igiyoyin ƙarfe da kuma pulleys - cranking na injiniya
2) Ana amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye a kan na'urorin stator da rotor don samar da hanyar jan ƙarfin lantarki — crank na lantarki 3) Ga ƙananan raka'a, ana iya tura na'urar da hannu don juyawa a hankali — crank na hannu 10. Takaitaccen bayani bel Tsarin kulawa don rufewar iska da na'urorin rufe ruwa masu daidaita kansu na ƙarshen fuska.
Amsa: 1) Lura da matsayin spoiler ɗin a kan sandar sannan a cire spoiler ɗin, sannan a duba lalacewar farantin hana lalacewa na bakin ƙarfe. Idan akwai burrs ko ramuka marasa zurfi, ana iya suturta su da mai a gefen juyawa. Idan akwai zurfin rami ko kuma akwai tsagewa ko gogewa mai tsanani, ya kamata a daidaita motar.
2) Cire farantin matsi, lura da tsarin tubalan nailan, cire tubalan nailan sannan ka duba lalacewa. Idan kana buƙatar magance shi, ya kamata ka danna dukkan faranti na matsi ka tsara su tare, sannan ka sanya alamun da aka tsara da fayil, sannan ka yi amfani da dandamalin don duba madaidaicin saman bayan an haɗa tubalan nailan. Ana buƙatar sakamakon bayan gyara don isa ga isa.
3) A raba faifan rufewa na sama sannan a duba ko faifan robar ya lalace. Idan ya lalace, a maye gurbinsa da sabo. 4) A cire maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, a cire laka da tsatsa, a duba laushin matsewa ɗaya bayan ɗaya, sannan a maye gurbinsa da sabo idan aka sami lalacewar filastik.
5) Cire bututun shiga iska da haɗin murfin iska, a wargaza murfin rufewa, a cire murfin, sannan a duba lalacewar murfin. Idan akwai lalacewa ko lalacewa a yankin, ana iya magance shi ta hanyar gyara zafi.
6) Cire fil ɗin da aka sanya sannan a wargaza zoben tsakiya. A tsaftace dukkan sassan kafin a saka.
11. Waɗanne hanyoyi ne ake bi don cimma haɗin da ya dace da tsangwama? Menene fa'idodin hanyar hot sleeve?
Amsa: Hanyoyi guda biyu: 1) Hanyar Matsi a ciki; 2) Hanyar Hannun Riga mai Zafi; Fa'idodi: 1) Ana iya saka shi ba tare da matsi ba; 2) Ba a sa wuraren da ke fitowa a saman hulɗar da ke haɗuwa da gogayya ta axial yayin haɗuwa. Lebur, don haka yana inganta ƙarfin haɗin sosai;
12. A taƙaice bayyana abubuwan gyara da gyara da hanyoyin shigar da zoben kujera?
Amsa:
(1) Abubuwan daidaita daidaitawa sun haɗa da: (a) tsakiya; (b) ɗagawa; (c) matakin
(2) Hanyar gyara da daidaitawa:
(a) Aunawa da daidaitawa a tsakiya: Bayan an ɗaga zoben kujera kuma an sanya shi da ƙarfi, a rataye layin piano na na'urar, kuma an ja layin piano a sama da alamun X, -X, Y, -Y akan zoben kujera da kuma saman flange. A rataye guduma masu nauyi guda huɗu bi da bi don ganin ko ƙarshen guduma mai nauyi ya yi daidai da alamar tsakiya; idan ba haka ba, yi amfani da kayan ɗagawa don daidaita matsayin zoben kujera don ya daidaita.
(b) Auna tsayi da daidaitawa: Yi amfani da ma'aunin ƙarfe don auna nisan daga saman flange na sama na zoben kujera zuwa layin piano na giciye. Idan bai cika buƙatun ba, ana iya amfani da farantin wedge na ƙasa don daidaitawa.
(c) Aunawa da daidaitawa a kwance: Yi amfani da katako mai kwance tare da ma'aunin matakin murabba'i don aunawa a saman flange na sama na zoben wurin zama. Dangane da sakamakon aunawa da lissafi, yi amfani da farantin wedge na ƙasa don daidaitawa, daidaitawa da ƙara maƙullan. Kuma maimaita aunawa da daidaitawa, kuma jira har sai maƙullan ya daidaita kuma matakin ya cika buƙatun.
13. A taƙaice bayyana hanyar tantance tsakiyar injin turbin Francis?
Amsa: Tabbatar da tsakiyar injin Francis yawanci ya dogara ne akan tsayin tangkou na biyu na zoben kujera. Da farko raba rami na biyu na zoben kujera zuwa maki 8-16 tare da kewaye, sannan a rataye wayar piano a saman zoben kujera ko kuma ƙasan firam ɗin ƙasan janareta, sannan a auna rami na biyu na zoben kujera da tef ɗin ƙarfe. Nisa tsakanin maki huɗu masu daidaitawa na baki da gatari X da Y zuwa layin piano, a daidaita na'urar tsakiyar ƙwallon ta yadda radius na maki biyu masu daidaito zasu kasance cikin 5mm, sannan a daidaita matsayin layin piano da farko, sannan a daidaita piano bisa ga ɓangaren zoben da hanyar auna tsakiya. Layi don ya ratsa tsakiyar tafki na biyu, kuma matsayin da aka daidaita shine tsakiyar shigarwar injin.
14. A takaice bayyana rawar da bearings na turawa ke takawa? Waɗanne nau'ikan tsarin bearings guda uku ne? Menene manyan sassan bearings na turawa?
Amsa: Aiki: Don ɗaukar ƙarfin axial na na'urar da nauyin duk sassan juyawa. Rarrabawa: bearing mai tauri na ginshiƙi, bearing mai ma'auni na bulo, bearing mai tura ginshiƙi na hydraulic. Babban sassan: kan turawa, pad ɗin turawa, farantin madubi, zoben karyewa.
15. A taƙaice bayyana ra'ayi da hanyar daidaitawa ta hanyar matsewa.
Amsa: Ra'ayi: Ana amfani da wannan matsi wajen daidaita bugun motar servo don ta yadda motar jagora za ta kasance tana da 'yan millimita kaɗan na gefen bugun jini (zuwa ga alkiblar rufewa) bayan an rufe ta. Ana kiran wannan gefen bugun jini hanyar daidaita bugun jini: lokacin da mai sarrafawa Lokacin da piston servomotor da piston servomotor suka kasance a cikin cikakken rufewa, a ja sukurori na iyaka akan kowane injin servomotor zuwa ga ƙimar bugun jini da ake buƙata. Ana iya sarrafa wannan ƙimar ta hanyar adadin juyawar bugun.
16. Waɗanne manyan dalilai guda uku ne ke haifar da girgizar na'urar hydraulic?
Amsa:
(1) Girgizar da ke faruwa sakamakon dalilai na injiniya: 1. Matsayin rotor bai daidaita ba. 2. Axis na na'urar ba madaidaiciya ba ce. 3. Lalacewar ɗaukar kaya. (2) Girgizar da ke faruwa sakamakon dalilai na hydraulic: 1. Tasirin kwararar ruwa a mashigar ruwa wanda ya faru sakamakon karkatar da ruwa mara daidaituwa na volute da guide vanes. 2. Jirgin Carmen vortex. 3. Cavitation a cikin rami. 4. Jets na tsakiya. 5. Buga matsin lamba na zoben hana zubewa
(3) Girgizar da abubuwan lantarki ke haifarwa: 1. Naɗewar rotor ba ta da tsari. 2) Gibin iska bai daidaita ba.
17. Takaitaccen bayani: (1) Rashin daidaito a tsaye da rashin daidaito a motsi?
Amsa: Rashin daidaito a tsaye: Tunda na'urar juyawar turbine ba ta kan axis na juyawa ba, lokacin da na'urar juyawar ta tsaya cak, na'urar juyawar ba za ta iya tsayawa cak a kowane matsayi ba. Wannan lamari ana kiransa rashin daidaito a tsaye.
Rashin daidaiton daidaito: yana nufin abin da ke faruwa na girgiza wanda siffa mara tsari ko rashin daidaiton yawan sassan juyawa na injin turbine ke haifarwa yayin aiki.
18. Takaitaccen Bayani: (2) Manufar gwajin daidaiton ma'auni na injin turbine?
Amsa: Don rage bambancin cibiyar nauyi ta mai gudu zuwa iyakar da aka yarda, don guje wa bambancin cibiyar nauyi ta mai gudu; ƙarfin centrifugal da na'urar ke samarwa zai sa babban shaft ya haifar da lalacewa mai ban mamaki yayin aiki, ƙara yawan juyawar jagorar ruwa ko haifar da injin turbine Girgizar yayin aiki na iya lalata sassan na'urar da sassauta ƙusoshin anga, wanda ke haifar da manyan haɗurra. 18. Yadda ake auna zagayen saman silinda na waje?
Amsa: Ana sanya alamar bugun kira a kan hannun tsaye na maƙallin, kuma sandar aunawa tana hulɗa da saman silinda da aka auna. Lokacin da maƙallin ke juyawa a kusa da axis, ƙimar da aka karanta daga alamar bugun kira tana nuna zagayen saman da aka auna.
19. Sanin tsarin ma'aunin diamita na ciki, yi bayani kan yadda ake amfani da hanyar da'irar lantarki don auna siffar sassan da matsayin tsakiya? Amsa: Da farko nemo wayar piano bisa rami na biyu na zoben wurin zama, sannan a yi amfani da wannan da wayar piano a matsayin ma'auni. Yi amfani da ma'aunin diamita na ciki don samar da da'irar lantarki tsakanin sashin zoben da wayar piano, daidaita tsawon ma'aunin diamita na ciki, sannan a zana da'ira tare da layin piano, ƙasa, hagu, da dama. Dangane da sautin, za a iya tantance ko ma'aunin diamita na ciki yana hulɗa da wayar piano don yin ɓangaren zoben. Da kuma auna matsayin tsakiya.
20. Tsarin shigarwa na gabaɗaya don injinan Francis?
Amsa: Shigar da layin bututun da aka zana → zuba siminti a kusa da bututun da aka zana, zoben zama, madaurin ...
21. Menene manyan buƙatun fasaha don shigar da tsarin jagorar ruwa?
Amsa: 1) Tsakiyar zoben ƙasa da murfin sama ya kamata su yi daidai da layin tsakiya na tsaye na na'urar; 2) Zoben ƙasa da murfin sama ya kamata su kasance daidai da juna, kuma layukan sassaka na X da Y da ke kansu ya kamata su yi daidai da layukan sassaka na na'urar X da Y. Ramukan ɗaukar nauyi na sama da na ƙasa na na'urar jagora ya kamata su kasance masu haɗin kai; 3) Tsabtace fuskar ƙarshen na'urar jagora da matsewar lokacin rufewa ya kamata ya cika buƙatun; 4) Aikin ɓangaren watsa na'urar jagora ya kamata ya zama mai sassauƙa kuma abin dogaro.
22. Yadda ake haɗa mai gudu da kuma sandar?
Amsa: Da farko haɗa babban shaft ɗin da murfin mai gudu, sannan a haɗa shi da jikin mai gudu tare ko kuma a fara tura ƙusoshin haɗin zuwa cikin ramukan sukurori na murfin mai gudu bisa ga lambar, sannan a rufe ƙasan da farantin ƙarfe. Bayan an tabbatar da gwajin zubar da hatimi, sai a haɗa babban shaft ɗin da murfin mai gudu.
23. Yadda ake canza nauyin rotor?
Amsa: Canza birkin goro na makulli abu ne mai sauƙi. Muddin an ɗaga rotor sama da matsin mai, an cire goro na makulli, kuma an sake rage rotor ɗin, nauyinsa zai koma bearing na turawa.
24. Menene manufar fara gwajin aikin samar da injin samar da injin turbine?
Amsa:
1) Duba ingancin ginin ginin injiniyan farar hula, ko ingancin shigarwa ya cika buƙatun ƙira da ƙa'idodi da ƙayyadaddun bayanai masu dacewa.
2) Ta hanyar duba aikin kafin da kuma bayan aikin gwaji, za a iya gano ɓarna ko rashin kammala aikin da kuma lahani a cikin injiniya da kayan aiki a kan lokaci.
3) Ta hanyar aikin gwaji na farawa, fahimci yanayin shigarwa na tsarin hydraulic da kayan aikin lantarki, da kuma ƙware a fannin lantarki
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-14-2021
