1. Kodi mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya zinthu zowongolera ndi kusintha pa kukhazikitsa makina ndi iti? Kodi mungamvetse bwanji kusiyana kololedwa kwa kukhazikitsa zida zamagetsi?
Yankho: chinthu: 1) malo osalala, opingasa komanso oimirira. 2) Kuzungulira, malo apakati ndi digiri yapakati ya pamwamba pa silinda yokha. 3) Malo osalala, opingasa, oimirira komanso apakati a shaft. 4) Kuyang'ana kwa gawolo pamalo opingasa. 5) Kukwera (kukwera) kwa ziwalo. 6) Kutalikirana pakati pa nkhope, ndi zina zotero.
Kuti mudziwe kusiyana kololedwa kwa kukhazikitsa zida zamagetsi, kudalirika kwa ntchito ya chipangizocho komanso kusavuta kwa kukhazikitsa kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Ngati kusiyana kololedwa kwa kukhazikitsa kuli kochepa kwambiri, ntchito yokonza ndi kusintha idzakhala yovuta ndipo nthawi yokonza ndi kusintha idzakulitsidwa; Ngati kusiyana kololedwa kwa kukhazikitsa kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kudzachepetsa kulondola kwa kukhazikitsa ndi chitetezo cha ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa chipangizocho, ndikukhudza mwachindunji kupanga magetsi kwabwinobwino.
2. N’chifukwa chiyani cholakwika cha mulingo wa sikweya chokha chingachotsedwe potembenuza muyeso?
Yankho: Tiyerekeze kuti mbali imodzi ya mulingo ndi a ndipo mbali inayo ndi B, ndipo cholakwika chake chimapangitsa kuti thovu lisunthire kumapeto kwa a (kumanzere) ndi M. poyesa mulingo wa zigawo ndi mulingo uwu, cholakwika chake chimapangitsa kuti thovu lisunthire kumapeto kwa a (kumanzere) ndi M. atatembenuka, cholakwika chake chimapangitsa kuti thovu lisunthirebe kumapeto kwa a (kumanja panthawiyi) ndi chiwerengero chomwecho cha maselo, kumbali ina, yomwe ndi - m, kenako gwiritsani ntchito fomula δ= Pakuwerengera (a1 + A2) / 2 * c * D, chiwerengero cha maselo osunthidwa ndi thovu chifukwa cha cholakwika chake chimathetsana, zomwe sizikhudza chiwerengero cha maselo osunthidwa ndi thovu chifukwa cha mulingo wosagwirizana wa zigawozo, kotero kukhudzidwa kwa cholakwika cha chida pa muyeso kumachotsedwa.
3. Fotokozani mwachidule zinthu zokonzera ndi kusintha ndi njira zokhazikitsira choyikapo chubu chodulira?
Njira yoyankhira: Choyamba, lembani malo a X, – x, y, – Y axis pamwamba pa mzere. Ikani chimango chapakati cha elevation pamalo pomwe konkire mu dzenje la makina ndi yayikulu kuposa radius ya bwalo lakunja la mphete yokhazikika, sunthani mzere wapakati ndi kukweza kwa unit kupita ku chimango chapakati cha elevation, ndikuyika mizere ya piyano mu x-axis ndi y-axis pamalo omwewo olunjika olunjika a chimango chapakati cha elevation ndi X ndi y-axis. Pali kusiyana kwina kwa kutalika pakati pa mizere iwiri ya piyano. Pambuyo poti elevation center yakhazikitsidwa ndikuwunikidwanso, lining Center iyenera kuyezedwa ndikusinthidwa. Pachikani nyundo zinayi zolemera pamalo pomwe mzere wa piyano umagwirizana ndi chizindikiro pa chitoliro cha chitoliro pa mzere, sinthani jack ndi stretcher kuti mugwirizane ndi nsonga ya nyundo yolemera ndi chizindikiro pa chitoliro chapamwamba cha chitoliro. Panthawiyi, pakati pa chitoliro cha chitoliro pa mzere umagwirizana ndi pakati pa unit. Yesani mtunda kuchokera pamalo otsika kwambiri a chitoliro chapamwamba kupita ku mzere wa piyano ndi rula yachitsulo. Chotsani mtunda kuchokera pamalo okwezeka a mzere wa piyano kuti ukhale malo okwezeka enieni a payipi yapamwamba ya chingwecho, kenako sinthani pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira kapena mbale za wedge kuti malo okwezekawo akhale mkati mwa malo ololedwa opatuka.
4. Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji ndikuyika mphete ya pansi ndi chivundikiro chapamwamba?
Yankho: choyamba kwezani mphete yapansi pa mzere wapansi wa mphete yokhazikika, sinthani pakati pa mphete yapansi ndi mbale ya wedge malinga ndi mpata pakati pa mphete yapansi ndi pakamwa pa dziwe lachiwiri la mphete yokhazikika, kenako kwezani theka la vane yotsogolera yosunthika molingana ndi nambala kuti muwonetsetse kuti vane yotsogolera ikhoza kuzungulira mosinthasintha ndikuzungulira, apo ayi gwiritsani ntchito m'mimba mwake wa chitsamba chonyamula, kenako ikwezeni mu chivundikiro chapamwamba ndi m'manja. Tengani pakati pa mphete yotsatira yokhazikika yotuluka ngati benchmark, pakani mzere wapakati wa unit ya turbine yamadzi, yesani pakati ndi kuzungulira kwa mphete yokhazikika yotuluka, ndikusinthirani malo apakati a chivundikiro chapamwamba kuti kusiyana pakati pa radius iliyonse ndi avareji kusapitirire ± 10% ya clearance ya kapangidwe ka mphete yotuluka. Pambuyo pokonza chivundikiro chapamwamba, mangani mabolts ophatikizana a chivundikiro chapamwamba ndi mphete yokhazikika. Kenako yesani ndikusintha coaxiality ya mphete yapansi ndi chivundikiro chapamwamba. Pomaliza, sinthani mphete yapansi yokha kutengera chivundikiro chapamwamba. Konzani mpata pakati pa mphete ya pansi ndi pakamwa pa dziwe lachitatu la mphete yokhazikika ndi mbale ya wedge, sinthani kayendedwe ka radial ka mphete ya pansi, sinthani kayendedwe ka axial ndi ma jacks anayi, yesani mpata pakati pa nkhope zapamwamba ndi zapansi za guide vane kuti △ ikhale yayikulu ≈ △, ndipo yesani mpata pakati pa chitsamba chonyamula sleeve cha guide vane ndi journal kuti chikhale mkati mwa malire ololedwa. Kenako bowolani mabowo a pini a chivundikiro chapamwamba ndi mphete yapansi malinga ndi chithunzicho, ndipo chivundikiro chapamwamba ndi mphete yapansi zisonkhanitsidwe kale.
5. Kodi mungagwirizanitse bwanji gawo lozungulira la turbine mutakweza mu dzenje la turbine?
Yankho: choyamba sinthani malo apakati, sinthani mpata pakati pa mphete yozungulira yozungulira yotuluka ndi pakamwa pa dziwe lachinayi la mphete yokhazikika, kwezani mphete yoyimitsa yotsika yokhazikika yotuluka, ikani pini, limbitsani bolt yophatikizana molingana, yesani mpata pakati pa mphete yozungulira yozungulira yotuluka ndi mphete yoyimitsa yotsika yokhazikika yotuluka ndi geeler gauge, sinthani bwino malo apakati a wothamanga ndi jeke malinga ndi mpata woyesedwa, ndikuyang'anira kusinthako ndi chizindikiro choyimitsa. Kenako sinthani mulingo, ikani mulingo pamalo anayi x, – x, y ndi – Y pamwamba pa flange ya shaft yayikulu ya turbine, kenako sinthani mbale ya wedge pansi pa wothamanga kuti mupange kupotoka kopingasa kwa pamwamba pa flange mkati mwa mulingo wololedwa.
6. Fotokozani njira yokhazikitsira makina oyeretsera madzi pambuyo pokweza rotor ya chipangizo chopachikika cha hydro generator?
Yankho: 1) kuthira konkire ya maziko a gawo lachiwiri; 2) Kukweza chimango chapamwamba; 3) Kuyika thireyi; 4) Kusintha kwa jenereta; 5) Kulumikiza kwa spindle 6) Kusintha kwa axis yonse ya chipangizocho; 7) Kusintha kwa mphamvu ya thireyi; 8) Konzani pakati pa gawo lozungulira; 9) Kuyika thireyi yotsogolera; 10) Kuyika makina otulutsa mphamvu ndi maginito okhazikika; 11) Kuyika zowonjezera zina;
7. Njira yokhazikitsira ndi masitepe a nsapato zowongolera madzi zafotokozedwa.
Yankho: njira yokhazikitsira 1) sinthani malo okhazikitsira malinga ndi malo omwe afotokozedwa mu kapangidwe ka chiwongolero cha madzi, kugwedezeka kwa mzere wa unit ndi malo a shaft yayikulu; 2) Ikani nsapato yoyendetsera madzi molingana ndi zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake; 3) Mukatha kudziwa malo okhazikitsira, sinthani ndi jack kapena wedge plate;
8. Kuwonongeka ndi chithandizo cha shaft current zafotokozedwa mwachidule.
A: Kuwonongeka: chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa shaft current, kuphulika pang'ono kwa arc kumachitika pakati pa journal ndi bearing bush, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bearing alloy imamatire pang'onopang'ono ku journal, kuwononga malo abwino ogwirira ntchito a bearing bush, kuyambitsa kutentha kwambiri kwa bearing, komanso kusungunula bearing alloy; Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha electrolysis ya nthawi yayitali ya current, mafuta opaka mafuta amawonongeka, amadetsa, amachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a mafuta ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa bearing. Chithandizo: Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa shaft current iyi pa bearing bush, bearing iyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi maziko ndi insulation kuti idule shaft current circuit. Kawirikawiri, ma bearing omwe ali kumbali ya exciter (thrust bearing ndi guide bearing), oil receiver base ndi governor recovery wire chingwe ziyenera kutetezedwa, ndipo zomangira ndi ma pini othandizira azikhala ndi insulation handles. Insulation yonse iyenera kuumitsidwa pasadakhale. Insulation ikayikidwa, insulation ya bearing pansi iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi 500V megger ndipo siyenera kuchepera 0.5 megohm.
9. Fotokozani mwachidule cholinga ndi njira yosinthira mayunitsi.
Yankho: Cholinga: popeza pamwamba pa galasi lozungulira sipadzakhala pozungulira molunjika ndi mzere wa unit, ndipo mzere wozungulirawo si mzere wowongoka bwino, pamene unit ikuzungulira, mzere wapakati pa unit udzapatuka kuchoka pa mzere wapakati, ndipo mzerewo udzayesedwa ndikusinthidwa potembenuza ndi chizindikiro choyimba, kuti tiwunike chifukwa, kukula ndi momwe mzerewo umayendera. Kusakhazikika pakati pa pamwamba pa galasi lozungulira ndi mzere wozungulira, pamwamba pa flange ndi mzere wozungulira zitha kukonzedwa pokanda pamwamba polumikizana koyenera, ndipo kugwedezeka kungachepetsedwe kufika pamlingo wololedwa.
Njira:
1) kutembenuza kwamakina, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi chingwe cha waya chachitsulo ndi pulley yokhala ndi crane ya mlatho mufakitale ngati mphamvu
2) Mphamvu yolunjika imalowetsedwa mu stator ndi rotor windings kuti ipange njira yokokera mphamvu yamagetsi - zida zosinthira zamagetsi 3) zamayunitsi ang'onoang'ono, zida zosinthira zamagetsi zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuyendetsa chipangizocho kuti chizungulire pang'onopang'ono - zida zosinthira zamagetsi 10. Fotokozani mwachidule njira yosamalira chipangizo chodzikonzera chokha chosindikizira madzi chokhala ndi chophimba cha mpweya ndi nkhope yomaliza.
Yankho: 1) lembani malo a gawo lowonongeka pa shaft, chotsani gawo lowonongeka ndikuwona ngati mbale yachitsulo yophwanyika yatha. Ngati pali burr kapena groove yosaya, ikhoza kupukutidwa ndi mafuta motsatira njira yozungulira. Ngati pali groove yozama kapena groove yoopsa kapena groove, iyenera kukhala yofanana.
2) Chotsani mbale yosindikizira, lembani mndandanda wa mabuloko a nayiloni, chotsani mabuloko a nayiloni ndikuwona ngati awonongeka. Ngati pakufunika kukonza, zonse ziyenera kukanikiza ndi mabuloko osindikizira ndikukonzedwa pamodzi, kenako zizindikiro zokonzera ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi fayilo, ndipo kusalala kwa pamwamba pa mabuloko a nayiloni kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi nsanja. Zotsatira zake zikamalizidwa, zikukwaniritsa zofunikira.
3) Chotsani chimbale chapamwamba chotsekeramo ndikuwona ngati choyikapo cha rabara chatha. Ngati chatha, chisintheni ndi chatsopano. 4) Chotsani kasupe, chotsani matope ndi dzimbiri, ndipo yang'anani kulimba kwa kupsinjika kamodzi ndi kamodzi. Ngati pulasitiki yasintha, chisintheni ndi chatsopano.
5) Chotsani chitoliro cholowera mpweya ndi cholumikizira cha chophimba mpweya, chotsani chivundikiro chotseka, chotsani chophimbacho, ndikuwona ngati chophimbacho chatha. Ngati pali kutha kwa malo kapena kutayikira kwatha, chitha kukonzedwa ndi chotenthetsera.
6) Chotsani pini yopezera malo ndikuchotsa mphete yapakati. Tsukani zinthu zonse musanayike.
11. Kodi njira zolumikizirana ndi kusokonezana ndi ziti? Kodi ubwino wa njira yolumikizirana ndi chipewa chotentha ndi wotani?
Yankho: Pali njira ziwiri: 1) njira yokanikiza; 2) Njira yogwiritsira ntchito chigoba chotentha; Ubwino: 1) ikhoza kulowetsedwa popanda kukanikiza; 2) Pakusonkhanitsa, malo otulukira pamwamba pa cholumikizira samapukutidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwa axial, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulumikizana kukhale kolimba kwambiri;
12. Fotokozani mwachidule zinthu zokonzera ndi kusintha ndi njira zokhazikitsira mphete yokhazikika?
A: (1) zinthu zokonza ndi kusintha zikuphatikizapo: (a) pakati; (b) kukwera; (c) mulingo
(2) Njira yokonza ndi kusintha:
(a) Kuyeza ndi kusintha pakati: mphete yotsalira ikakwezedwa mkati ndikuyikidwa bwino, ikani mzere wa piyano wopingasa wa chipangizocho, ikani nyundo zinayi zolemera pamzere wa piyano zomwe zakokedwa pamwamba pa zizindikiro za X, - x, y, - Y pa mphete yotsalira ndi pamwamba pa flange, ndikuwona ngati nsonga ya nyundo yolemerayo ikugwirizana ndi chizindikiro chapakati; Ngati sichoncho, sinthani malo a mphete yotsalira ndi zida zonyamulira kuti ikhale yogwirizana.
(b) Kuyeza ndi kusintha kutalika: yesani mtunda kuchokera pamwamba pa flange pa mphete yokhazikika kupita ku mtanda wa piyano ndi rula yachitsulo. Ngati sichikukwaniritsa zofunikira, chikhoza kusinthidwa ndi mbale yapansi ya wedge.
(c) Kuyeza ndi kusintha molunjika: gwiritsani ntchito mtanda wopingasa ndi mulingo wa sikweya kuti muyese pamwamba pa flange ya mphete yokhazikika. Malinga ndi zotsatira za muyeso ndi kuwerengera, gwiritsani ntchito mbale ya wedge yomwe ili pansipa kuti musinthe. Mukamasintha, mangani mabotolo. Ndipo mobwerezabwereza muyese ndikusintha mpaka kulimba kwa botolo kukhale kofanana ndipo mulingowo ukwaniritse zofunikira.
13. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji pakati pa turbine ya Francis?
Yankho: Pakati pa turbine ya Francis nthawi zambiri pamakhala kutengera kutalika kwa pakamwa pa dziwe lachiwiri la mphete yokhazikika. Choyamba gawani pakamwa pa dziwe lachiwiri la mphete yokhazikika m'magawo 8-16 mozungulira, kenako pakani mzere wa piyano pamwamba pa mphete yokhazikika kapena pansi pa chimango cha pansi pa jenereta ngati pakufunika, yesani mtunda pakati pa pakamwa pa dziwe lachiwiri la mphete yokhazikika ndi ma point anayi ofanana a X ndi Y axes ku mzere wa piyano ndi tepi yachitsulo, sinthani pakati pa mpira, pangani kusiyana pakati pa radius ya ma point awiri ofanana mkati mwa 5mm, ndipo poyamba sinthani malo a mzere wa piyano. Kenako, gwirizanitsani mzere wa piyano malinga ndi gawo la mphete ndi njira yoyezera pakati kuti idutse pakati pa pakamwa pa dziwe lachiwiri. Malo osinthidwa ndi pakati pa turbine ya hydraulic.
14. Fotokozani mwachidule ntchito ya thrust bearing? Kodi mitundu itatu ya kapangidwe ka thrust bearing ndi iti? Kodi zigawo zazikulu za thrust bearing ndi ziti?
Yankho: ntchito: kunyamula mphamvu ya axial ya chipangizocho ndi kulemera kwa ziwalo zonse zozungulira. Gulu: chogwirira cholimba cha strut, chogwirira cholemera chokhazikika ndi chogwirira chozungulira cha hydraulic column. Zigawo zazikulu: mutu wopondereza, chogwirira chopondereza, mbale yowonera, mphete yolumikizira.
15. Lingaliro ndi njira yosinthira kukanikiza kwa stroke zafotokozedwa mwachidule.
A: lingaliro: kukanikiza kokakamiza ndiko kusintha kukanikiza kwa servomotor kuti guide vane ikadali ndi malire a stroke a mamilimita angapo (kumbali yotseka) itatha kutsekedwa. Mphepete mwa stroke iyi imatchedwa njira yosinthira kukanikiza: pamene chowongolera ndi servomotor piston zili pamalo otsekedwa kwathunthu, chotsani zomangira zolipirira pa servomotor iliyonse kupita ku mtengo wokanikiza wofunikira. Mtengo uwu ukhoza kulamulidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma turn a pitch.
16. Kodi zifukwa zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kugwedezeka kwa mayunitsi a hydraulic ndi ziti?
A: (I) kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha makina: 1. Kusalingana kwa ma rotator mass. 2. Mzere wa unit si wolondola. 3. Zolakwika za bearing. （2） Kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ma hydraulic: 1. Kugwedezeka kwa madzi pa runner inlet komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kosafanana kwa volute ndi guide vane. 2. Carmen vortex train. 3. Cavity cavitation. 4. Gap jet. 5. Seal ring pressure pulsation
(3) Kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zamagetsi: 1. Kuzungulira kwafupipafupi kwa rotator. 2) kusiyana kwa mpweya kosagwirizana.
17. Kufotokozera mwachidule: (1) kusalinganika kosasinthika ndi kusalinganika kwamphamvu?
Yankho: kusalinganika kwa static: popeza rotor ya hydraulic turbine siili pa rotation axis, rotor ikangokhala yosasunthika, rotoryo singakhale yokhazikika pamalo aliwonse. Chochitika ichi chimatchedwa kusalinganika kwa static.
Kusalinganika kwa mphamvu: kumatanthauza kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osakhazikika kapena kuchulukana kosagwirizana kwa magawo ozungulira a turbine ya hydraulic panthawi yogwira ntchito.
18. Kufotokozera mwachidule: (2) cholinga cha mayeso okhazikika a woyendetsa turbine?
Yankho: ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu yokoka ya pakati pa wothamanga kufika pamlingo wololedwa, kuti tipewe kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu yokoka ya pakati pa wothamanga; mphamvu ya centrifugal ya chipangizocho idzayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa shaft yayikulu panthawi yogwira ntchito, kuonjezera kugwedezeka kwa chitsogozo cha hydraulic, kapena kuyambitsa kugwedezeka kwa turbine panthawi yogwira ntchito, komanso kuwononga ziwalo za chipangizocho ndikumasula mabatani a nangula, zomwe zimapangitsa ngozi zazikulu.18. Kodi mungatani kuti silinda yakunja igwire ntchito?
Yankho: chizindikiro choyimbira chimayikidwa pa mkono wowongoka wa chothandizira, ndipo ndodo yake yoyezera imakhudzana ndi pamwamba pa cylindrical yoyezedwa. Pamene chothandiziracho chizungulira mozungulira mzere, mtengo wowerengedwa kuchokera ku chizindikiro choyimbiracho umawonetsa kuzungulira kwa pamwamba poyezedwa.
19. Dziwani bwino kapangidwe ka micrometer yamkati ndipo fotokozani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njira yamagetsi poyesa ziwalo za mawonekedwe ndi malo apakati?
Yankho: tengani dziwe lachiwiri la mphete yokhazikika ngati benchmark, choyamba gwirizanitsani mzere wa piyano, tengani mzere wa piyano uwu ngati benchmark, kenako gwiritsani ntchito micrometer yamkati kuti mupange dera lamagetsi pakati pa zigawo za mphete ndi mzere wa piyano, sinthani kutalika kwa micrometer yamkati ndikujambula pamzere wa piyano, pansi, kumanzere ndi kumanja Malinga ndi phokoso, imatha kuweruza ngati micrometer yamkati ikukhudzana ndi mzere wa piyano, ndikuyesa gawo la mphete ndi malo apakati.
20. Njira yokhazikitsira turbine ya Francis yonse?
Yankho: kukhazikitsa cholumikizira chamkati cha chubu chodulira → kutsanulira konkire mozungulira chubu chodulira, mphete yokhazikika ndi cholumikizira cha spiral case buttress → kuyeretsa ndi kuphatikiza mphete yokhazikika ndi mphete ya maziko ndi kukhazikitsa chitoliro chozungulira cha mphete yokhazikika ndi mphete ya maziko → konkire ya bolt ya maziko ya mphete yokhazikika ya foot stay ring → kusonkhanitsa cholumikizira cha gawo limodzi → kukhazikitsa ndi kuwotcherera cholumikizira cha spiral case → kukhazikitsa cholumikizira chamkati ndi payipi yobisika mu dzenje la turbine → kutsanulira konkire pansi pa jenereta → kuyesanso kukweza kwa mphete yokhazikika ndi mulingo ndi malo ozungulira a turbine ya hydraulic Tsimikizirani → kuyeretsa ndi kusonkhanitsa mphete yoyimitsa yotsika yokhazikika → kuyika mphete yoyimitsa yotsika yokhazikika → kuyeretsa ndi kusonkhanitsa chivundikiro chapamwamba ndi mphete yokhazikika → kusonkhanitsa njira yotsogolera madzi → kulumikizana pakati pa shaft yayikulu ndi woyendetsa → kukweza ndi kukhazikitsa gawo lozungulira → kukhazikitsa njira yotsogolera madzi → kulumikizana kwa shaft yayikulu → kutembenuza konse kwa unit → kukhazikitsa cholumikizira chamadzi → kukhazikitsa zowonjezera → kuyeretsa, kuyang'anira ndi kupaka utoto → kuyambitsa ndi kuyambitsa unit.
21. Kodi zofunikira zazikulu zaukadaulo pakukhazikitsa njira yowongolera madzi ndi ziti?
Yankho: 1) Pakati pa mphete ya pansi ndi chivundikiro chapamwamba ziyenera kugwirizana ndi mzere woyimirira wapakati wa chipangizocho; 2) mphete ya pansi ndi chivundikiro chapamwamba ziyenera kufanana, mizere yolembedwa ya X ndi Y iyenera kugwirizana ndi mizere yolembedwa ya X ndi Y ya chipangizocho, ndipo mabowo apamwamba ndi apansi a chowongolera chilichonse ayenera kukhala ozungulira; 3) kutseguka kwa chowongolera ndi kulimba panthawi yotseka kudzakwaniritsa zofunikira; 4) ntchito ya gawo lotumizira chowongolera chiyenera kukhala chosinthasintha komanso chodalirika.
22. Kodi mungalumikize bwanji wothamanga ndi shaft yayikulu?
Yankho: choyamba lumikizani shaft yayikulu ndi chivundikiro cha runner, kenako lumikizani ndi thupi la runner pamodzi, kapena choyamba lumikizani bolt yolumikizira mu dzenje la screw la runner cover molingana ndi nambala, ndikutseka gawo la pansi ndi chitsulo. Pambuyo poti mayeso otsekera avomerezedwa, lumikizani shaft yayikulu ndi chivundikiro cha runner.
23. Kodi mungasinthe bwanji kulemera kwa rotor?
Yankho: Kusintha kwa brake ya lock nut ndikosavuta. Bola ngati rotor yakwezedwa ndi mafuta, lock nut imachotsedwa, kenako rotor imatsitsidwanso, kulemera kwake kudzasinthidwa kukhala thrust bearing.
24. Kodi cholinga choyambitsa ndi kuyesa ntchito ya chipangizo chopangira magetsi cha turbine yamadzi ndi chiyani?
Yankho:
1) fufuzani ngati khalidwe la zomangamanga, kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa zomangamanga zikukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe ndi malamulo ndi zofunikira zoyenera.
2) Kudzera mu kuwunika ntchito isanayambe komanso itatha, ntchito yomwe yasowa kapena yosamalizidwa komanso zolakwika za polojekiti ndi zida zitha kupezeka nthawi yake.
3) Kudzera mu kuyambitsa ndi kuyesa, kumvetsetsa kuyika kwa zomangamanga za hydraulic ndi zida zamagetsi, kudziwa bwino momwe zida zamagetsi zimagwirira ntchito, kuyeza deta yaukadaulo yofunikira yomwe ikugwira ntchito, ndikulemba ma curve ena a zida ngati imodzi mwazoyambira pakugwira ntchito mwalamulo, kuti mukonzekere deta yaukadaulo yofunikira pokonzekera malamulo ogwirira ntchito pafakitale yamagetsi.
4) Mu mapulojekiti ena amagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, mayeso ogwiritsira ntchito bwino chipangizo chopangira magetsi cha turbine yamadzi amachitidwanso. Kutsimikizira mtengo wotsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a wopanga ndikupereka deta yokhudza kayendetsedwe ka chuma cha chomera chamagetsi.
25. Kodi cholinga cha mayeso othamanga kwambiri pa chipangizochi n'chiyani?
Yankho: 1) yang'anani khalidwe la makina oyendetsera okha olamulira a chipangizocho; 2) Kumvetsetsa malo ogwedera a chipangizocho pansi pa katundu; 3) Yang'anani ndikutsimikiza kuti mtengo wokwera kwambiri wa chipangizo chowongolera deta, mtengo wokwera kwambiri wa kuthamanga patsogolo pa guide vane ndi coefficient yosinthira yosiyana ya governor; 4) Kumvetsetsa lamulo losintha la mawonekedwe amkati mwa hydraulic ndi makina a chipangizocho ndi momwe chimakhudzira ntchito ya chipangizocho, kuti mupereke deta yofunikira kuti chipangizocho chigwire ntchito bwino; 5) Kudziwa kukhazikika ndi magwiridwe antchito ena a governor.
26. Kodi mungayese bwanji static balance test ya hydraulic turbine?
Yankho: ikani ma level gauges awiri pa X ndi Y bisectors ya mphete yapansi ya wothamanga; Ikani balance weight yokhala ndi kulemera kofanana ndi level symmetrically pa bisector ya – X ndi – y (kulemera kwake kungawerengedwe malinga ndi kuwerenga kwa level); Malinga ndi level ya level, ikani balance weight kumbali yowala mpaka thovu la level litakhala pakati, ndipo lembani kukula kwa P ndi azimuth ya balance weight yomaliza α
27. Kodi mutu woti ugwire ntchito ungatuluke bwanji panthawi yokonza?
Yankho: chotsani screw yolumikizira pakati pa mutu wopondereza ndi mbale yagalasi, ikani mutu wopondereza pa ngalande yayikulu ndi chingwe chachitsulo ndikuulimbitsa pang'ono. Kwezani pampu yamafuta, gwedezani rotor, onjezerani ma aluminiyamu anayi pakati pa mutu wopondereza ndi mbale yagalasi molunjika madigiri 90, tulutsani mafuta ndikugwetsa rotor. Mwanjira imeneyi, shaft yayikulu imatsika ndi rotor, ndipo mutu wopondereza umamatiridwa ndi pad ndikukokedwa patali. Bwerezani kangapo, lamulirani makulidwe a cushion pakati pa 6-10mm nthawi iliyonse, ndikutulutsa pang'onopang'ono mutu wopondereza mpaka utakwezedwa ndi mbedza yayikulu. Mukatulutsa kangapo, mgwirizano pakati pa mutu wopondereza ndi shaft yayikulu umakhala womasuka, ndipo mutu wopondereza ukhoza kukokedwa mwachindunji ndi crane. 28. Onani tebulo lotsatirali kuti mupeze mbiri yozungulira ya turbine imodzi # (gawo: 0.01mm):
Werengerani kugwedezeka konse ndi kugwedezeka konse kwa chitsogozo cha hydraulic, chitsogozo chapansi ndi chitsogozo chapamwamba, ndikumaliza tebulo lomwe lili pamwambapa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-21-2021
