I-China iyizwe elisathuthuka elinabantu abaningi kakhulu futhi lisetshenziswa kakhulu amalahle emhlabeni.Ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo "we-carbon peak nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon" (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi "umgomo wekhabhoni embaxambili") njengoba uhleliwe, imisebenzi enzima nezinselele azikaze zibonwe ngaphambili.Indlela yokulwa le mpi enzima, ukunqoba lesi sivivinyo esikhulu, nokuqaphela ukuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi, kusenezindaba eziningi ezibalulekile ezisadinga ukucaciswa, enye yazo eyokuthi kuqondwe kanjani amandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi ezwe lami.
Ngakho-ke, ingabe ukufezeka kwenhloso “yekhabhoni ekabili” yamandla kagesi amancane inketho engasetshenziswa?Ingabe umthelela wemvelo wamandla amancane wamanzi mkhulu noma mubi?Ingabe izinkinga zeziteshi ezithile ezincane eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi “ziyinhlekelele yemvelo” engaxazululeki?Ingabe ugesi omncane wezwe lami ophehlwa ngamanzi “usetshenziswe ngokweqile”?Le mibuzo idinga ngokuphuthumayo ukucabanga nezimpendulo zesayensi nokuhluzekile.
Ukuthuthukisa ngamandla amandla avuselelekayo kanye nokusheshisa ukwakhiwa kohlelo olusha lwamandla olujwayela ingxenye ephezulu yamandla avuselelekayo kuwukuvumelana kanye nesenzo soguquko lwamanje lwamandla omhlaba wonke, futhi kuyisu lokukhetha kwezwe lami ukufeza “ikhabhoni embaxambili. ” umgomo.
UNobhala Jikelele u-Xi Jinping uthe eNgqungqutheleni Yezinjongo Zesimo Sezulu kanye neNgqungquthela Yakamuva Yesimo Sezulu Yabaholi ekupheleni konyaka odlule: “Amandla angewona awezinsalela azothatha cishe u-25% wokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuyisisekelo ngo-2030, kanye namandla afakiwe omoya nelanga. amandla azofinyelela ngaphezu kwe-1.2 billion kilowatts."I-China izolawula ngokuqinile amaphrojekthi kagesi wamalahle."
Ukufeza lokhu kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kokuphakelwa kukagesi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthi imithombo yezwe yami yokuphehlwa ngamanzi ingathuthukiswa ngokugcwele futhi ithuthukiswe kuqala kudlala indima ebalulekile.Izizathu zimi kanje:
Okokuqala ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sama-25% wemithombo yamandla okungewona wezinsalela ngo-2030, kanti ugesi wamanzi ubalulekile.Ngokwezilinganiso zezimboni, ngo-2030, amandla ezwe lami okuphehla amandla angewona ama-fossil kufanele afinyelele ngaphezu kwamahora angama-kilowatt angama-4.6 trillion ngonyaka.Ngaleso sikhathi, amandla omoya namandla elanga afakiwe azoqoqa ama-kilowatts ayizigidigidi eziyi-1.2, kanye namandla akhona aphehlwa ngamanzi, amandla enuzi namanye amandla okuphehla amandla angewona ama-fossil.Kukhona igebe lamandla elilinganiselwa ku-1 trillion kilowatt-horas.Eqinisweni, amandla okukhiqiza ugesi wemithombo yamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi angathuthukiswa ezweni lami afinyelela ku-3 trillion wamahora wama-kilowatt ngonyaka.Izinga lamanje lentuthuko lingaphansi kwama-44% (okulingana nokulahlekelwa kwe-1.7 trillion kilowatt-hora yokuphehlwa kukagesi ngonyaka).Uma ingafinyelela esilinganisweni samanje samazwe athuthukile Ukufika ku-80% wezinga lokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi kungengeza ugesi ongu-1.1 trillion kilowatt-hora ngonyaka, ongagcini nje ngokuvala igebe likagesi, kodwa futhi othuthukisa kakhulu amandla ethu okuvikela amanzi njengezikhukhula. ukuzivikela nesomiso, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi nokunisela.Ngenxa yokuthi ukongiwa kukagesi ngamanzi nokongiwa kwamanzi akuhlukaniseki kukonke, amandla okulawula nokulawula imithombo yamanzi mancane kakhulu ukuthi izwe lami lisalele emuva emazweni asethuthukile e-Europe naseMelika.
Okwesibili ukuxazulula inkinga yokuguquguquka okungahleliwe kwamandla omoya namandla elanga, futhi amandla kagesi nawo awahlukaniseki.Ngo-2030, ingxenye yamandla omoya afakiwe namandla elanga kugridi yamandla izokhuphuka isuka ngaphansi kwama-25% iye okungenani kuma-40%.Amandla omoya namandla elanga kokubili ukukhiqiza amandla ngezikhawu, futhi uma inani liphezulu, ziba phezulu izidingo zokugcinwa kwamandla egridi.Phakathi kwazo zonke izindlela zamanje zokugcina amandla, isitoreji esimpontshelwe, esinomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe kakhulu, ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwezomnotho, kanye namandla okuthuthukiswa okukhulu.Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2019, ama-93.4% amaphrojekthi okugcina amandla omhlaba ayisitoreji esimpontshwa, kanti u-50% wamandla afakiwe wesitoreji esimpontshwa agxile emazweni athuthukile eYurophu naseMelika.Ukusebenzisa “ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwamandla amanzi” “njengebhethri elikhulu” ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kwamandla omoya namandla elanga nokuwenza abe amandla ekhwalithi ephezulu azinzile futhi alawuleke kuyinto ebalulekile yabaholi bamanje bamazwe ngamazwe abanciphisa ukungcoliswa kwekhabhoni. .Njengamanje, umthamo wezwe wami wokupompa ofakiwe uthatha kuphela u-1.43% wegridi, okuyiphutha elikhulu elikhawulela ukufezeka komgomo “wekhabhoni ekabili”.
Ugesi omncane ophehlwa ngamanzi uthatha ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu zesamba semithombo yamandla kagesi ethuthukayo yezwe lami (okulingana neziteshi eziyisithupha zokuphehla ugesi emihosheni emithathu).Akuyona nje kuphela iminikelo yayo yokuphehla ugesi kanye nokuncishiswa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya, kodwa okubaluleke nakakhulu, izimboni eziningi zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi ezisatshalaliswa ezweni lonke. ivumelana nenani eliphezulu lamandla omoya namandla elanga kugridi.”
Kodwa-ke, ugesi omncane wezwe lami ophehlwa ngamanzi uhlangabezane nomthelela “wosayizi owodwa ulingana nakho konke ukubhidlizwa” kwezinye izindawo lapho amandla ezinsiza engakenziwa ngokugcwele.Amazwe athuthukile, athuthuke kakhulu kunawethu, asazabalaza ukusebenzisa amandla amancane okuphehla ugesi ngamanzi.Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-April 2021, iPhini likaMongameli wase-United States uHarris laphumela obala lathi: “Impi yangaphambili yayingeyokulwela uwoyela, futhi impi elandelayo kwakungeyokulwela amanzi.Umthethosivivinywa wengqalasizinda kaBiden uzogxila ekongiweni kwamanzi, okuzoletha ukuqashwa.Kuhlobene futhi nezinsiza esithembele kuzo ukuze siziphilise.Ukutshala imali kula manzi “ayimpahla eyigugu” kuzoqinisa amandla ezwe lase-United States.I-Switzerland, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kukagesi ngamanzi kuphezulu ngendlela efinyelela ku-97%, izokwenza konke okusemandleni ukuze iwusebenzise kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bomfula noma ukuphakama kokwehla., Ngokwakha imigudu namapayipi amade ezintabeni, izinsiza zikagesi ezisakazwa ezintabeni nasemifudlaneni zizogxiliswa kumadamu bese zisetshenziswa ngokugcwele.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, ugesi omncane ophehlwa ngamanzi ugxekwe njengembangela eyinhloko “yokulimaza imvelo”.Abanye abantu baze bakhuthaza ukuthi “zonke iziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ezincane ezisemingenela yoMfula iYangtze kufanele zidilizwe.”Ukuphikisana nogesi omncane ophehlwa ngamanzi kubonakala “kuyimfashini.”
Kungakhathaleki izinzuzo ezimbili ezinkulu zemvelo zamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi ekuncishisweni kwekhabhoni yezwe lami kanye “nokushintshwa kwezinkuni ngogesi” ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, kunezinzwa ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo okungafanele zingacacile uma kuziwa ekuvikelweni kwemvelo emifuleni. lowo mbono womphakathi okhathazekile ngawo.Kulula ukungena “ekungazini kwendalo”-ukuphatha ukucekelwa phansi “njengokuvikela” kanye nokuhlehla njengokuthi “intuthuko”.
Esinye siwukuthi umfula ogeleza ngokwemvelo futhi ongenazo izithiyo awusona neze isibusiso kodwa uyinhlekelele esintwini.Abantu baphila ngamanzi futhi bayekele imifula igeleze ngokukhululeka, okulingana nokuvumela izikhukhula zigcwale ngokukhululekile ngezikhathi zamanzi aphezulu, nokuyeka imifula yome ngokukhululeka ngezikhathi zamanzi amancane.Kungenxa yokuthi isibalo sezehlakalo nokufa kwezikhukhula kanye nesomiso siphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlekelele zemvelo, ukulawulwa kwezikhukhula zomfula bekulokhu kuthathwa njengodaba olukhulu lokuphatha eShayina nakwamanye amazwe.Ubuchwepheshe be-Damping namandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi buye benza ikhwalithi ephezulu ekhonweni lokulawula izikhukhula zemifula.Ukugcwala kwemifula nezikhukhula bekubhekwa njengamandla emvelo abhubhisayo angenakuvinjelwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi sekulawule abantu., Bopha amandla futhi uwenze azuzise emphakathini (nisela amasimu, thola umfutho, njll.).Ngakho-ke, ukwakha amadamu kanye nokuvala amanzi okulungisa umhlaba kuyinqubekelaphambili yempucuko yabantu, futhi ukususwa kwawo wonke amadamu kuzovumela abantu ukuthi babuyele esimweni sobuqaba “sokuthembela ezulwini ngokudla, ukwesula, nokunamathela kancane emvelweni”.
Okwesibili, isimo semvelo esihle samazwe athuthukile nezifunda sibangelwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwamadamu emifuleni kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi.Njengamanje, ngaphandle kokwakha amadamu namadamu, isintu asinayo enye indlela yokuxazulula ngokuyisisekelo ukuphikisana kokusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwemithombo yamanzi emvelo ngesikhathi nasemkhathini.Amandla okulawula nokulawula imithombo yamanzi ephawulwe ngezinga lokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi kanye nomthamo wokugcinwa kwamanzi ngomuntu ngamunye awekho emazweni ngamazwe.Ulayini”, ngokuphambene nalokho, uphakeme kakhulu.Amazwe athuthukile eYurophu nase-United States ngokuyisisekelo aqedele ukuthuthukiswa kokugeleza kwamanzi omfula kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, futhi izinga lawo eliphakathi lokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi kanye nomthamo wokugcinwa kwamanzi ngomuntu ngamunye liphindwe kabili nakahlanu kunelezwe lami, ngokulandelana.Ukuzijwayeza kudala kufakazela ukuthi amaphrojekthi kagesi wamanzi awawona "ukuvinjwa kwamathumbu" emifuleni, kodwa "imisipha ye-sphincter" edingekayo ukuze kugcinwe impilo.Izinga le-cascade hydropower development liphezulu kakhulu kunalelo lase-Danube, i-Rhine, i-Columbia, i-Mississippi, i-Tennessee kanye neminye imifula emikhulu yaseYurophu naseMelika yoMfula i-Yangtze, yonke eyizindawo ezinhle, eziphumelelayo kwezomnotho, nezindawo ezivumelanayo nabantu kanye namanzi. .
Okwesithathu ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezingxenye zomfula okubangelwa ukuchezukiswa kancane kukagesi omncane ophehlwa ngamanzi, okuwukungaphathwa kahle kunokukhubazeka okungokwemvelo.Isiteshi sokuphehla ugesi iDiversion hydropower siwuhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokusetshenziswa ngendlela ephezulu kwamandla amanzi olusabalele ekhaya naphesheya.Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwasekuqaleni kwamanye amaphrojekthi amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi ohlobo lwe-diversion ezweni lami, ukuhlela nokuklama kwakungeyona isayensi ngokwanele.Ngaleso sikhathi, zazingekho izindlela zokuqwashisa nezindlela zokuphatha zokuqinisekisa “ukugeleza kwemvelo”, okwaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi ngokweqile ekuphehleni ugesi kanye nengxenye yomfula phakathi kwezitshalo namadamu (ikakhulukazi engamakhilomitha amaningana ubude).Isenzo sokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokomisa kwemifula endaweni engamakhilomitha amaningi) igxekwe kakhulu ngemibono yomphakathi.Ngokungangabazeki, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokugeleza okomile akusizi neze kumvelo yomfula, kodwa ukuze sixazulule inkinga, asikwazi ukushaya ibhodi, imbangela kanye nomphumela wokungafani, futhi sibeke inqola ngaphambi kwehhashi.Amaqiniso amabili kufanele acaciswe: Okokuqala, izimo zemvelo zezwe lami zinquma ukuthi imifula eminingi ingeyesizini ethile.Ngisho noma singekho isiteshi sokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, umzila womfula uzophela amanzi futhi wome ngesikhathi esomile (lesi isizathu esenza ukuthi iShayina yasendulo nesimanje kanye namazwe angaphandle anake ngokukhethekile ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokonga amanzi kanye nokuqoqwa kobuningi kanye ukoma).Amanzi awawangcolisi amanzi, futhi ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokunqanyulwa okubangelwa ugesi omncane wohlobo lwe-diversion kungaxazululwa ngokuphelele ngokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokugadwa okuqinisiwe.Eminyakeni emibili edlule, ugesi omncane wohlobo lwe-diversion wasekhaya usuqedele ukuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe "kokugeleza okuqhubekayo kwamahora angama-24 kokugeleza kwemvelo", futhi kwasungula uhlelo lokuqapha lwe-inthanethi lwesikhathi sangempela kanye nenkundla yokugada.
Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuqonda ngokunengqondo ukubaluleka okubalulekile kwamandla kagesi amancane ekuvikelweni kwemvelo emifuleni emincane naphakathi: akuqinisekisi nje ukugeleza kwemvelo komfula wokuqala, kodwa futhi kunciphisa izingozi zezikhukhula, futhi futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuphila zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi nokunisela.Njengamanje, amandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi angaphehla ugesi kuphela uma kunamanzi amaningi ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwemvelo komfula.Impela kungenxa yokuba khona kweziteshi zikagesi ezigelezayo okwenza umthambeka wokuqala ukhuphuke kakhulu futhi kunzima ukugcina amanzi ngaphandle kwenkathi yemvula.Kunalokho, kuyanyathelwa.Umhlabathi ugcina amanzi futhi uthuthukisa kakhulu imvelo.Ubunjalo bamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi yingqalasizinda ebalulekile ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni impilo yamadolobhana amancane naphakathi nendawo kanye nokulawula nokulawula imithombo yamanzi emifuleni emincane nephakathi nendawo.Ngenxa yezinkinga zokungaphathwa kahle kwezinye iziteshi zikagesi, wonke ugesi omncane ophehlwa ngamanzi udilizwa ngendluzula, okuyinto engabazekayo.
Uhulumeni omkhulu ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi ukuphakama kwekhabhoni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kufanele kufakwe ekuhlelweni okuphelele kokwakhiwa kwempucuko yezemvelo.Ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu” lwenkathi, ukwakhiwa kwempucuko yezemvelo yezwe lami kuzogxila ekwehliseni ikhabhoni njengendlela yamasu abalulekile.Kufanele silandele ngokungaguquki indlela yentuthuko yezinga eliphezulu ngokuqalwa kwemvelo, okuluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi.Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kwemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho kuhlangene ngokwezilimi futhi kuyahambisana.
Ohulumeni basekhaya kufanele baqonde ngokunembile futhi basebenzise ngempela izinqubomgomo nezimfuneko zikahulumeni omkhulu.I-Fujian Xiadang Small Hydropower yenze incazelo enhle yalokhu.
Ilokishi lase-Xiadang e-Ningde, i-Fujian yayikade iyilokishi elimpofu kakhulu kanye “Nezindawo Ezingamalokishi Amahlanu” (ayinamigwaqo, ayinamanzi, ayinazibani, ingenamali, ingenandawo yamahhovisi kahulumeni) empumalanga yeFujian.Ukusebenzisa imithombo yamanzi endawo ukuze kwakhiwe isiteshi sikagesi “kufana nokubamba inkukhu ekwazi ukuzalela amaqanda.”Ngo-1989, lapho izimali zendawo ziqinile kakhulu, iKomidi Lesifunda LaseNingde lakhipha ama-yuan angu-400,000 ukuze kwakhiwe amandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi.Kusukela lapho, iqembu eliphansi liye lavalelisa emlandweni wemicu ye-bamboo kanye nokukhanyisa kwe-pine resin.Ukuniselwa ngenkasa kwezindawo zokulima ezingaphezu kuka-2 000 nakho sekuxazululiwe, futhi abantu sebeqalile ukucabanga ngendlela yokuceba, bakha izimboni ezimbili eziyizinsika zetiye nezokuvakasha.Ngokuthuthuka kwezinga lokuphila kwabantu kanye nesidingo sikagesi, Inkampani i-Xiadang Small Hydropower Company yenze umsebenzi wokukhulisa nokuthuthukisa nokuguqula izikhathi eziningana.Lesi siteshi samandla esiwuhlobo lwe-diversion "sokonakalisa umfula kanye nokuzungeza amanzi ukuze kulungiswe indawo" manje sikhishwa ngokuqhubekayo amahora angu-24.Ukugeleza kwemvelo kuqinisekisa ukuthi imifula engezansi komfula icacile futhi ishelela, ikhombisa isithombe esihle sokuqeda ubumpofu, ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo zasemakhaya, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza nephansi.Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi ukuze kuqhubekisele phambili umnotho weqembu elilodwa, kuvikelwe imvelo, futhi kuzuze abantu beqembu elilodwa kuwumfanekiso ncamashi wokuphehlwa ngamanzi amancane ezindaweni eziningi zasemakhaya nezikude zezwe lakithi.
Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izingxenye zezwe, “ukususwa kwamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi endaweni yonke” kanye “nokusheshisa ukuhoxiswa kwamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi” kuthathwa “njengokubuyiselwa kwemvelo nokuvikelwa kwemvelo”.Lo mkhuba ubangele imiphumela emibi kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho nezenhlalakahle, futhi ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka futhi ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.Ngokwesibonelo:
Okokuqala ukungcwaba izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha ukuze kuphephe izimpilo nempahla yabantu bendawo.Cishe u-90% wokonakala kwamadamu emhlabeni kwenzeka kumadamu angenazo iziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi.Umkhuba wokugcina idamu lechibi kodwa ukuhlakazwa kweyunithi yokuphehla amandla ngamanzi wephula isayensi futhi kufana nokulahlekelwa isiqinisekiso sokuphepha esisebenza kahle kakhulu ngokwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphathwa kokuphepha kwansuku zonke kwedamu.
Okwesibili, izifunda esezifinyelele isiqongo sekhabhoni kagesi kumele zandise amandla amalahle ukuze kulungiswe ukushoda.Uhulumeni omkhulu udinga izifunda ezinezimo ukuthi zihole ekufinyeleleni umgomo wokufinyelela eziqongweni.Ukususwa kwamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi kuzokwengeza nakanjani ukuhlinzekwa kwamalahle nogesi ezindaweni lapho izimo zemithombo yemvelo zingezinhle, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba negebe elikhulu, futhi ezinye izindawo zingase zihlupheke ngisho nokushoda kukagesi.
Okwesithathu ukulimaza kakhulu izindawo zemvelo namaxhaphozi kanye nokunciphisa amandla okuvimbela izinhlekelele kanye nokunciphisa ezindaweni ezinezintaba.Ngokususwa kwamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi, izindawo eziningi ezinhle, amapaki amaxhaphozi, ama-crested ibis nezinye izindawo zezinyoni eziyivelakancane ebezincike endaweni yedamu ngeke zisaba khona.Ngaphandle kokushabalaliswa kwamandla eziteshini eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi, akunakwenzeka ukudambisa ukuguguleka nokuguguleka kwezigodi zezintaba ngemifula, futhi izinhlekelele zemvelo ezifana nokudilika kwenhlabathi nokudilika kodaka nazo zizokwanda.
Okwesine, ukuboleka nokudiliza iziteshi zikagesi kungase kudale ubungozi bezezimali futhi kuthinte uzinzo emphakathini.Ukuhoxiswa kwamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi kuzodinga isamba esikhulu semali yesinxephezelo, okuzofaka izifunda eziningi ezimpofu ezingeni likahulumeni ezisanda kukhumula izigqoko zazo ezikweletini ezinkulu.Uma isinxephezelo singekho ngesikhathi, sizoholela ekuhlulekeni kwezikweletu.Njengamanje, kube nezingxabano zomphakathi kanye nezigameko zokuvikelwa kwamalungelo kwezinye izindawo.
I-Hydropower ayiwona nje amandla ahlanzekile aqashelwa umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa futhi inokulawula nokulawula imithombo yamanzi ongeke wathathelwa indawo yinoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi.Amazwe athuthukile eYurophu nase-United States awakaze angene “enkathini yokubhidliza amadamu”.Kunalokho, kungenxa yokuthi izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi kanye nomthamo womuntu ngamunye wokuwugcina liphezulu kakhulu kunalelo lezwe lethu.Phromotha ukuguqulwa "kwamandla avuselelekayo angu-100% ngo-2050" ngezindleko eziphansi nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule noma ngaphezulu, ngenxa yokudukiswa “kokwenziwa ngamademoni kwamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi,” ukuqonda kwabantu abaningi ngamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi kusalokhu kusezingeni eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa.Amanye amaphrojekthi amakhulu aphehlwa ngamanzi ahlobene nomnotho wezwe kanye nezimpilo zabantu akhanseliwe noma aphelelwe yisikhathi.Ngenxa yalokho, amandla amanje okulawula imithombo yamanzi ezwe lami ayingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu kuphela zesilinganiso samazwe athuthukile, futhi inani lamanzi atholakalayo ngomuntu ngamunye belilokhu lisesimweni “sokuswelakala okukhulu kwamanzi” ngokwezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi I-Yangtze River Basin ibhekene nokulawulwa kwezikhukhula kanye nezikhukhula cishe minyaka yonke.ingcindezi.Uma ukuphazanyiswa "kwedemoni of hydropower" kungaqedwa, kuyoba nzima nakakhulu kithi ukufeza umgomo "we-carbon dual" ngenxa yokuntuleka komnikelo ovela emanzini.
Noma ngabe ukugcina ukuvikeleka kwamanzi kazwelonke kanye nokutholakala kokudla, noma ukufeza ukuzibophezela kwezwe lami emgomweni wamazwe ngamazwe “we-dual-carbon”, ukuthuthukiswa kukagesi ngamanzi ngeke kusabambezeleka.Kudingeka ngempela ukuhlanza nokulungisa kabusha imboni encane yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, kodwa angeke ibe namandla ngokweqile futhi ibe nomthelela esimeni sonke, futhi angeke yenzeka kuwonke wonke, ingasaphathwa eyokumisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuphehla kukagesi omncane onamandla amakhulu wezinsiza.Kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokubuyela ekuhlakanipheni kwesayensi, ukuhlanganisa ukuvumelana komphakathi, ukugwema ukuchezuka nezindlela ezingalungile, nokukhokha izindleko zenhlalo ezingadingekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-14-2021
