China ndi dziko lotukuka lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri komanso lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito malasha ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuti tikwaniritse cholinga cha "kuchepa kwa mpweya ndi kusagwirizana ndi mpweya" (chomwe chimatchedwa "cholinga cha mpweya wa kaboni kawiri") monga momwe zakonzedwera, ntchito zovuta ndi zovuta sizinachitikepo. Momwe mungamenyere nkhondo yovutayi, kupambana mayeso akulu awa, ndikukwaniritsa chitukuko chobiriwira komanso chopanda mpweya wambiri, pali nkhani zambiri zofunika kuzimvetsetsa, imodzi mwa izo ndi momwe ndingamvetsetsere mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono yamadzi mdziko langa.
Kodi kukwaniritsa cholinga cha "dual-carbon" cha mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono yamadzi ndi njira yotheka kuigwiritsa ntchito? Kodi zotsatira za mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono yamadzi ku chilengedwe ndi zazikulu kapena zoyipa? Kodi mavuto a malo ena ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi ndi "tsoka lachilengedwe" losathetsedwa? Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono yamadzi ya dziko langa "yagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso"? Mafunso awa akufunikira mwachangu kuganiza ndi mayankho asayansi komanso anzeru.
Kupanga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mwamphamvu komanso kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga njira yatsopano yamagetsi yomwe imasintha mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa kwambiri ndi mgwirizano ndi zochita za kusintha kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi komwe kukuchitika, ndipo ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri kuti dziko langa likwaniritse cholinga cha "dual carbon".
Mlembi Wamkulu Xi Jinping adati pa Msonkhano wa Climate Ambition ndi Msonkhano waposachedwa wa Leaders Climate kumapeto kwa chaka chatha: "Mphamvu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwinja zidzapanga pafupifupi 25% ya mphamvu yoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2030, ndipo mphamvu yonse ya mphepo ndi dzuwa yomwe yayikidwa idzafika pa ma kilowatts opitilira 1.2 biliyoni. "China idzalamulira mwamphamvu mapulojekiti amphamvu a malasha."
Kuti tikwaniritse izi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi ali otetezeka komanso odalirika nthawi yomweyo, choyamba ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati mphamvu zamagetsi za m'dziko langa zitha kupangidwa mokwanira ndikupangidwanso. Zifukwa zake ndi izi:
Choyamba ndi kukwaniritsa zofunikira za 25% ya magwero a mphamvu zopanda mafuta mu 2030, ndipo mphamvu ya madzi ndi yofunika kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za makampani, mu 2030, mphamvu ya dziko langa yopanga mphamvu zopanda mafuta iyenera kufika maola opitilira 4.6 thililiyoni kilowatts pachaka. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, mphamvu ya mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa zomwe zayikidwa zidzasonkhanitsa ma kilowatts 1.2 biliyoni, kuphatikiza mphamvu ya madzi yomwe ilipo, mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi mphamvu zina zopanda mafuta. Pali kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya pafupifupi ma kilowatts 1 thililiyoni. Ndipotu, mphamvu yamagetsi yopanga mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi yomwe ingapangidwe mdziko langa ndi yokwera kufika pa ma kilowatts 3 thililiyoni pachaka. Kukula kwamakono kwa chitukuko ndi kochepera 44% (kofanana ndi kutayika kwa ma kilowatts 1 thililiyoni yamagetsi opangira pachaka). Ngati ingafike pa avareji ya mayiko otukuka, mpaka 80% ya kuchuluka kwa magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi kungawonjezere ma kilowatt-hours 1.1 trillion pachaka, zomwe sizimangodzaza kusiyana kwa magetsi, komanso zimawonjezera kwambiri chitetezo cha madzi monga kuteteza kusefukira kwa madzi ndi chilala, kupereka madzi ndi kuthirira. Chifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi madzi ndi kusunga madzi sizingasiyanitsidwe konse, kuthekera kolamulira ndikuwongolera madzi ndi kochepa kwambiri kuti dziko langa lisamatsatire mayiko otukuka ku Europe ndi America.
Chachiwiri ndi kuthetsa vuto la kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi kwa mphamvu ya mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndipo mphamvu yamadzi nayonso siingasiyanitsidwe. Mu 2030, gawo la mphamvu ya mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa zomwe zayikidwa mu gridi yamagetsi zidzawonjezeka kuchoka pa 25% mpaka osachepera 40%. Mphamvu ya mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa zonse zimapanga mphamvu nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo gawo likakwera, zimafunika kwambiri kuti mphamvu ya gridi isungidwe. Pakati pa njira zonse zosungira mphamvu zomwe zilipo panopa, kusungira mphamvu zomwe zapopedwa, komwe kuli ndi mbiri ya zaka zoposa zana, ndi ukadaulo wokhwima kwambiri, chisankho chabwino kwambiri chachuma, komanso kuthekera kwa chitukuko chachikulu. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019, 93.4% ya mapulojekiti osungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi ndi kusungira mphamvu zomwe zaikidwa, ndipo 50% ya mphamvu zomwe zayikidwa zosungira mphamvu zomwe zapopedwa zimapezeka m'maiko otukuka ku Europe ndi America. Kugwiritsa ntchito "kukula kwathunthu kwa mphamvu yamadzi" ngati "batri yapamwamba" pakukula kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndikusandutsa mphamvu yokhazikika komanso yowongoleredwa ndi chidziwitso chofunikira cha atsogoleri apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amachepetsa mpweya woipa wa kaboni. Pakadali pano, mphamvu yosungiramo zinthu zopopedwa m'dziko langa ndi 1.43% yokha ya gridi, yomwe ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limalepheretsa kukwaniritsa cholinga cha "dual carbon".
Mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono yamadzi imagawa gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a mphamvu zonse zamadzi zomwe dziko langa lingathe kupanga (zofanana ndi malo asanu ndi limodzi amagetsi a Three Gorges). Sikuti mphamvu zake zokha zopangira magetsi ndi kuchepetsa utsi sizinganyalanyazidwe, komanso chofunika kwambiri, malo ambiri ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi amadzi omwe amagawidwa mdziko lonselo. Ikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala malo osungira magetsi opompedwa ndi madzi ndikukhala chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri cha "dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi lomwe limasintha mphamvu ya mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa kupita ku gridi yamagetsi."
Komabe, mphamvu yamagetsi yaing'ono yamadzi ya dziko langa yakumana ndi vuto la "kukula kofanana ndi kugwetsedwa konse" m'madera ena pomwe mphamvu yamagetsi sinakulitsidwe mokwanira. Mayiko otukuka, omwe ali otukuka kwambiri kuposa athu, akadali kuvutika kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi yaing'ono yamadzi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Epulo 2021, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa US Harris adati poyera: "Nkhondo yapitayi inali yomenyera mafuta, ndipo nkhondo yotsatira inali yomenyera madzi. Lamulo la zomangamanga la Biden lidzayang'ana kwambiri pakusamalira madzi, zomwe zidzabweretsa ntchito. Likugwirizananso ndi chuma chomwe timadalira pa moyo wathu. Kuyika ndalama mu madzi "amtengo wapatali" awa kudzalimbitsa mphamvu ya dziko la United States." Switzerland, komwe chitukuko cha mphamvu yamadzi chili pamwamba pa 97%, chidzachita zonse zotheka kuti chigwiritse ntchito mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa mtsinje kapena kutalika kwa dontho. , Pomanga ngalande zazitali ndi mapaipi m'mapiri, chuma chamagetsi chamadzi chomwe chili m'mapiri ndi mitsinje chidzasungidwa m'madzi osungiramo madzi kenako n'kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi madzi akhala akutsutsidwa kuti ndi omwe amachititsa "kuwononga chilengedwe". Anthu ena adalimbikitsa kuti "malo onse ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi omwe ali m'mitsinje ya Mtsinje wa Yangtze agwetsedwe." Kutsutsana ndi magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi madzi kumawoneka ngati "kwamakono."
Ngakhale kuti pali ubwino waukulu wa mphamvu zamagetsi zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi pochepetsa mpweya woipa womwe umachokera m'dziko langa komanso "kusintha nkhuni ndi magetsi" m'madera akumidzi, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe siziyenera kukhala zomveka bwino pankhani yoteteza mitsinje m'chilengedwe zomwe anthu ambiri amaganizira. N'zosavuta kulowa mu "kusadziwa zachilengedwe" - kuganiza kuti kuwononga ndi "chitetezo" ndi kubwerera m'mbuyo ndi "chitukuko".
Chimodzi ndi chakuti mtsinje woyenda mwachilengedwe komanso wopanda zoletsa zilizonse si dalitso koma tsoka kwa anthu. Anthu amakhala ndi madzi ndipo amalola mitsinje kuyenda momasuka, zomwe zikufanana ndi kulola kusefukira kwa madzi kusefukira momasuka nthawi yamadzi ambiri, ndikulola mitsinje kuuma momasuka nthawi yamadzi ochepa. Chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa zochitika ndi imfa za kusefukira kwa madzi ndi chilala ndizokwera kwambiri pakati pa masoka achilengedwe onse, kayendetsedwe ka kusefukira kwa madzi m'mitsinje nthawi zonse kumaonedwa ngati nkhani yayikulu yolamulira ku China ndi kunja. Ukadaulo wamagetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zapamadzi zapita patsogolo kwambiri pakutha kulamulira kusefukira kwa madzi m'mitsinje. Kusefukira kwa madzi m'mitsinje ndi kusefukira kwa madzi kwaonedwa ngati mphamvu zachilengedwe zosagonjetseka kuyambira nthawi zakale, ndipo zakhala zolamulira anthu. , Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvuzo ndikuzipangitsa kukhala zothandiza kwa anthu (kuthirira minda, kukulitsa mphamvu, ndi zina zotero). Chifukwa chake, kumanga madamu ndi madzi ozungulira kuti akongoletse malo ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chitukuko cha anthu, ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa madamu onse kudzalola anthu kubwerera ku mkhalidwe wankhanza wa "kudalira kumwamba kuti apeze chakudya, kusiya ntchito, ndi kukonda chilengedwe".
Chachiwiri, chilengedwe chabwino cha mayiko otukuka ndi madera makamaka chifukwa cha kumangidwa kwa madamu a mitsinje ndi chitukuko chonse cha mphamvu zamagetsi. Pakadali pano, kupatula kumanga malo osungiramo madzi ndi madamu, anthu alibe njira ina yothetsera kutsutsana kwa kugawa kosagwirizana kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zamadzi munthawi ndi malo. Kuthekera kolamulira ndikuwongolera zinthu zamadzi zomwe zimadziwika ndi kukula kwa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu yosungira pa munthu aliyense sikulipo padziko lonse lapansi. Mzere”, m'malo mwake, kukwera kumakhala bwino. Mayiko otukuka ku Europe ndi ku United States amaliza kupanga magetsi a m'mitsinje kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya m'madzi komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu ya munthu aliyense kuli kowirikiza kawiri ndi kasanu kuposa dziko langa, motsatana. Machitidwe akhala akutsimikizira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti mapulojekiti amagetsi a m'madzi si "kutsekereza matumbo" a mitsinje, koma "minofu ya sphincter" yofunikira kuti munthu akhale ndi thanzi labwino. Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya m'madzi ya m'madzi ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kwa mitsinje ina ikuluikulu ya ku Ulaya ndi ku America ya Mtsinje wa Yangtze, yonse yomwe ndi malo okongola, olemera pazachuma, komanso ogwirizana ndi anthu ndi madzi.
Chachitatu ndi kuchepa kwa madzi m'madzi ndi kusokonekera kwa madera a mitsinje chifukwa cha kusinthasintha pang'ono kwa magetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi, komwe ndi kusayang'anira bwino osati vuto lenileni. Malo opangira magetsi osinthira madzi ndi mtundu wa ukadaulo wogwiritsira ntchito bwino mphamvu ya madzi womwe uli wofala m'dziko muno ndi kunja. Chifukwa cha kumangidwa koyambirira kwa mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono amagetsi osinthira madzi m'dziko langa, kukonzekera ndi kapangidwe sizinali zokwanira zasayansi. Panthawiyo, panalibe njira zodziwitsira ndi kuyang'anira kuti "zachilengedwe ziyende bwino", zomwe zinapangitsa kuti madzi agwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri popanga magetsi ndi gawo la mtsinje pakati pa zomera ndi madamu (makamaka makilomita angapo kutalika). Chochitika cha kuchepa kwa madzi m'madzi ndi kuuma kwa mitsinje m'makilomita angapo) chatsutsidwa kwambiri ndi maganizo a anthu. Mosakayikira, kuchepa kwa madzi m'madzi ndi kuuma kwa madzi sikwabwino pazachilengedwe cha mitsinje, koma kuti tithetse vutoli, sitingathe kuletsa bolodi, kusagwirizana kwa chifukwa ndi zotsatira zake, ndikuyika ngolo patsogolo pa kavalo. Mfundo ziwiri ziyenera kufotokozedwa bwino: Choyamba, momwe dziko langa lilili zachilengedwe zimatsimikiza kuti mitsinje yambiri ndi yanyengo. Ngakhale palibe malo opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, ngalande ya mtsinjewo imakhala youma komanso yonyowa nthawi yachilimwe (ichi ndichifukwa chake China yakale komanso yamakono komanso mayiko akunja akhala akuyang'anira kwambiri ntchito yomanga malo osungira madzi komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi opangidwa ndi madzi opangidwa ndi madzi). Madzi saipitsa madzi, ndipo kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa madzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu zina zazing'ono zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi opangidwa ...
Chifukwa chake, pali kufunika kofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino kufunika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yaing'ono yochokera ku madzi poteteza chilengedwe cha mitsinje yaying'ono ndi yapakatikati: sikuti imangotsimikizira kuyenda kwachilengedwe kwa mtsinje woyambirira, komanso imachepetsa zoopsa za kusefukira kwa madzi mwachangu, komanso imakwaniritsa zosowa za moyo wa madzi ndi kuthirira. Pakadali pano, mphamvu yamagetsi yaing'ono yochokera ku madzi imatha kupanga magetsi pokhapokha ngati pali madzi ochulukirapo pambuyo poonetsetsa kuti mtsinjewo ukuyenda bwino. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa malo opangira magetsi otsetsereka, malo otsetsereka oyamba ndi otsetsereka kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusunga madzi kupatula nthawi yamvula. M'malo mwake, amapondaponda. Nthaka imasunga madzi ndipo imawongolera kwambiri zachilengedwe. Mtundu wa mphamvu yamagetsi yaing'ono yochokera ku madzi ndi zomangamanga zofunika kwambiri zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti midzi yaying'ono ndi yapakatikati ndikukhala ndi moyo komanso kuwongolera ndikuwongolera madzi a mitsinje yaying'ono ndi yapakatikati. Chifukwa cha mavuto okhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe koyipa ka malo ena opangira magetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi yonse yaing'ono yochokera ku madzi imagwetsedwa mwamphamvu, zomwe n'zokayikitsa.
Boma lalikulu lanena momveka bwino kuti kukwera kwa mpweya woipa komanso kusalowerera ndale kwa mpweya kuyenera kuphatikizidwa mu dongosolo lonse la zomangamanga zachitukuko cha zachilengedwe. Mu nthawi ya "Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14", zomangamanga zachitukuko cha zachilengedwe m'dziko langa zidzayang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa mpweya woipa ngati njira yofunika kwambiri. Tiyenera kutsatira mosalekeza njira yachitukuko chapamwamba kwambiri ndi cholinga cha chilengedwe, chobiriwira komanso chopanda mpweya woipa. Kuteteza chilengedwe ndi chitukuko cha zachuma zimagwirizanitsidwa komanso zimathandizirana.
Momwe maboma am'deralo ayenera kumvetsetsa molondola ndikukhazikitsa mfundo ndi zofunikira za boma lalikulu. Fujian Xiadang Small Hydropower yatanthauzira bwino izi.
Mzinda wa Xiadang ku Ningde, Fujian kale unali tawuni yosauka kwambiri ndipo "Malo Osanu Opanda Matawuni" (opanda misewu, opanda madzi oyenda, opanda magetsi, opanda ndalama, opanda ofesi ya boma) kum'mawa kwa Fujian. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi am'deralo kumanga malo opangira magetsi "ndikofanana ndi kugwira nkhuku yomwe imatha kuikira mazira." Mu 1989, pamene ndalama zakomweko zinali zochepa, Komiti ya Ningde Prefectural Committee inapereka ma yuan 400,000 kuti amange magetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi. Kuyambira pamenepo, gulu laling'ono lasiya mbiri ya nsungwi ndi magetsi a paini. Kuthirira maekala opitilira 2,000 a minda kwathetsedwanso, ndipo anthu ayamba kuganizira njira yopezera chuma, ndikupanga mafakitale awiri akuluakulu a tiyi ndi zokopa alendo. Ndi kusintha kwa miyoyo ya anthu komanso kufunikira kwa magetsi, Kampani ya Xiadang Small Hydropower Company yachita kukulitsa bwino ntchito ndikusintha ndikusintha kangapo. Malo opangira magetsi amtundu uwu "owononga mtsinje ndikuzungulira madzi kuti akongoletse malo" tsopano akutulutsidwa nthawi zonse kwa maola 24. Kuyenda kwa chilengedwe kumaonetsetsa kuti mitsinje yotsika pansi pa mtsinjewo ndi yoyera komanso yosalala, kusonyeza chithunzi chokongola cha kuchepetsa umphawi, kukonzanso kumidzi, ndi chitukuko chobiriwira komanso chopanda mpweya woipa. Kukula kwa magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi madzi kuti ayendetse chuma cha chipani chimodzi, kuteteza chilengedwe, ndikupindulitsa anthu a chipani chimodzi ndi chithunzi cha magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi madzi m'madera ambiri akumidzi ndi akutali m'dziko lathu.
Komabe, m'madera ena a dzikolo, "kuchotsa mphamvu zamagetsi zazing'ono m'madzi" ndi "kufulumizitsa kuchotsa mphamvu zamagetsi zazing'ono m'madzi" zimaonedwa ngati "kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe". Mchitidwewu wabweretsa mavuto aakulu pa chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndipo pakufunika chisamaliro chachangu ndipo kukonza kuyenera kuchitika mwachangu momwe zingathere. Mwachitsanzo:
Choyamba ndikubisa zoopsa zazikulu zachitetezo cha miyoyo ndi katundu wa anthu am'deralo. Pafupifupi 90% ya madamu omwe amawonongeka padziko lonse lapansi amapezeka m'madamu osungiramo madzi opanda malo opangira magetsi. Mchitidwe wosunga damu la dziwe koma kugwetsa chipangizo chamagetsi chamadzi kumaphwanya sayansi ndipo kuli ngati kutaya chitsimikizo chachitetezo chothandiza kwambiri pankhani ya ukadaulo ndi kasamalidwe ka chitetezo cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha damu.
Chachiwiri, madera omwe afika kale pamlingo wapamwamba wa carbon ayenera kuwonjezera mphamvu ya malasha kuti athetse kusowa kwa magetsi. Boma lalikulu likufuna madera omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe kuti atsogolere kukwaniritsa cholinga chofika pamlingo wapamwamba. Kuchotsedwa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yaing'ono yamadzi m'malo onse kudzawonjezera kupezeka kwa malasha ndi magetsi m'malo omwe mikhalidwe ya zachilengedwe siili bwino, apo ayi padzakhala kusiyana kwakukulu, ndipo malo ena akhoza kuvutika ndi kusowa kwa magetsi.
Chachitatu ndi kuwononga kwambiri malo achilengedwe ndi madambo ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zopewera masoka ndi kuchepetsa masoka m'madera amapiri. Ndi kuchotsedwa kwa magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi madzi, malo ambiri okongola, mapaki a madambo, mbalame za mtundu wa ibis ndi malo ena osowa okhala mbalame omwe amadalira malo osungiramo madzi sadzakhalaponso. Popanda kutaya mphamvu kwa malo opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, sizingatheke kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa nthaka ndi kuwonongeka kwa zigwa za m'mapiri ndi mitsinje, ndipo masoka achilengedwe monga kugwa kwa nthaka ndi matope adzawonjezekanso.
Chachinayi, kubwereka ndi kugwetsa malo opangira magetsi kungayambitse mavuto azachuma ndikusokoneza bata la anthu. Kuchotsedwa kwa magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi madzi kudzafuna ndalama zambiri zolipirira, zomwe zidzaika maboma ambiri osauka omwe angoyamba kumene kutenga ngongole zazikulu. Ngati malipirowo sanakhazikitsidwe pa nthawi yake, zichititsa kuti anthu asamalandire ngongole. Pakadali pano, pakhala mikangano ya anthu komanso zochitika zokhudzana ndi kuteteza ufulu wa anthu m'malo ena.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi si mphamvu yoyera yokha yomwe anthu padziko lonse lapansi amaidziwa, komanso ili ndi ntchito yolamulira ndi kulamulira madzi yomwe singasinthidwe ndi ntchito ina iliyonse. Mayiko otukuka ku Europe ndi United States sanalowepo mu "nthawi yogwetsa madamu". M'malo mwake, chifukwa chakuti kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi ndi mphamvu yosungiramo katundu pa munthu aliyense ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa ya dziko lathu. Limbikitsani kusintha kwa "mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso 100% mu 2050" ndi mtengo wotsika komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi, chifukwa cha kusokeretsa kwa "kuwononga mphamvu zamagetsi," kumvetsetsa kwa anthu ambiri za mphamvu zamagetsi kwakhalabe pamlingo wotsika. Mapulojekiti ena akuluakulu amagetsi okhudzana ndi chuma cha dziko ndi moyo wa anthu aletsedwa kapena kulephereka. Zotsatira zake, mphamvu yolamulira madzi yomwe dziko langa likugwiritsa ntchito panopa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu okha a mayiko otukuka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe alipo pa munthu aliyense kwakhala mu mkhalidwe wa "kusowa kwa madzi kwambiri" malinga ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo Mtsinje wa Yangtze ukukumana ndi mavuto akuluakulu okhudzana ndi kusefukira kwa madzi ndi kusefukira kwa madzi pafupifupi chaka chilichonse. Ngati kusokonezedwa kwa "kuwononga mphamvu zamagetsi" sikuchotsedwa, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti tikwaniritse cholinga cha "dual carbon" chifukwa chosowa chopereka kuchokera ku mphamvu zamagetsi.
Kaya ndi kusunga chitetezo cha madzi ndi chakudya m'dziko lonse, kapena kukwaniritsa lonjezo la dziko langa ku cholinga cha "dual-carbon", chitukuko cha magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi sichingachedwenso. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyeretsa ndikusintha makampani ang'onoang'ono opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, koma sizingapitirire malire ndikukhudza mkhalidwe wonse, ndipo sizingachitike konse, osanenanso kuletsa chitukuko cha magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi madzi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Pali kufunika kofulumira kubwerera ku nzeru zasayansi, kuphatikiza mgwirizano wa anthu, kupewa njira zopatuka ndi njira zolakwika, komanso kulipira ndalama zosafunikira pagulu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-14-2021
