I-China iyizwe elisathuthuka elinabantu abaningi kakhulu futhi lisetshenziswa kakhulu amalahle emhlabeni. Ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo "we-carbon peak nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon" (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi "umgomo wekhabhoni embaxambili") njengoba kuhleliwe, imisebenzi enzima nezinselele azikaze zibonwe ngaphambili.Indlela yokulwa nale mpi enzima, ukunqoba lesi sivivinyo esikhulu, nokubona ukuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza nephansi, kusenezindaba eziningi ezibalulekile ezisadinga ukucaciswa, enye yazo okuwukuthi ungawaqonda kanjani amandla amancane ezwe lami.
Ngakho-ke, ingabe ukufezeka kwenhloso “yekhabhoni ekabili” yamandla kagesi amancane inketho engasetshenziswa? Ingabe umthelela wemvelo wokuphehlwa kwamanzi amancane mkhulu noma mubi? Ingabe izinkinga zeziteshi ezithile ezincane eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi “ziyinhlekelele yemvelo” engaxazululeki? Ingabe ugesi omncane wezwe lami ophehlwa ngamanzi “usetshenziswe ngokweqile”? Le mibuzo idinga ngokuphuthumayo ukucabanga nezimpendulo zesayensi nokuhluzekile.
Ukuthuthukisa ngamandla amandla avuselelekayo kanye nokusheshisa ukwakhiwa kohlelo olusha lwamandla olujwayela ingxenye ephezulu yamandla avuselelekayo kuwukuvumelana kanye nesenzo soguquko lwamanje lwamandla omhlaba wonke, futhi kuwukukhetha kwamasu ukuze izwe lami lifinyelele umgomo “wekhabhoni ekabili”.
UNobhala Jikelele u-Xi Jinping uthe eNgqungqutheleni Yezifiso Zesimo Sezulu kanye neNgqungquthela Yakamuva Yesimo Sezulu Yabaholi ekupheleni konyaka odlule: "Amandla angewona ama-fossil azothatha cishe u-25% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuqala ngo-2030, kanti umthamo ofakiwe wamandla omoya namandla elanga uzofinyelela ngaphezu kwama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.2.
Ukufeza lokhu kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kokuphakelwa kukagesi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthi imithombo yezwe yami yokuphehlwa ngamanzi ingathuthukiswa ngokugcwele futhi ithuthukiswe kuqala kudlala indima ebalulekile. Izizathu zimi kanje:
Esokuqala ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sama-25% wemithombo yamandla okungewona wezinsalela ngo-2030, futhi ugesi wamanzi ubalulekile. Ngokwezilinganiso zezimboni, ngo-2030, amandla okukhiqiza amandla angewona ama-fossil wezwe lami kufanele afinyelele ngaphezu kwamahora angama-kilowatt-trillion angu-4.6 ngonyaka. Ngaleso sikhathi, amandla omoya namandla elanga afakiwe azoqoqa ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2, kanye namandla akhona aphehlwa ngamanzi, amandla enuzi namanye amandla okuphehla amandla angewona ama-fossil. Kukhona igebe lamandla elilinganiselwa ku-1 trillion kilowatt-hora. Eqinisweni, amandla okukhiqiza ugesi wemithombo yamandla kagesi engathuthukiswa ezweni lami afinyelela ku-3 trillion wamahora wama-kilowatt ngonyaka. Izinga lamanje lentuthuko lingaphansi kwama-44% (okulingana nokulahlekelwa kwe-1.7 trillion kilowatt-hora yokuphehlwa kukagesi ngonyaka). Uma ingafinyelela isilinganiso samanje samazwe athuthukile Ukufika ku-80% wezinga lokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi kungangeza amahora angu-1.1 trillion kilowatt kagesi ngonyaka, okungagcini nje ngokuvala igebe likagesi, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu amandla ethu okuvikela amanzi njengokuvikela izikhukhula nesomiso, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi nokunisela. Ngenxa yokuthi ukongiwa kukagesi ngamanzi nokongiwa kwamanzi akuhlukaniseki kukonke, amandla okulawula nokulawula imithombo yamanzi aphansi kakhulu ukuba izwe lami lisalele emuva emazweni athuthukile eYurophu naseMelika.
Okwesibili ukuxazulula inkinga yokuguquguquka okungahleliwe kwamandla omoya namandla elanga, futhi amandla kagesi nawo awahlukaniseki. Ngo-2030, ingxenye yamandla omoya afakiwe namandla elanga kugridi yamandla izokhuphuka isuka ngaphansi kwama-25% iye okungenani kuma-40%. Amandla omoya namandla elanga kokubili ukukhiqiza amandla ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi uma inani liphezulu, ziphakama kakhulu izidingo zokugcinwa kwamandla egridi. Phakathi kwazo zonke izindlela zamanje zokugcina amandla, isitoreji esimpontshelwe, esinomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe kakhulu, ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwezomnotho, kanye namandla okuthuthukiswa okukhulu. Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2019, u-93.4% wamaphrojekthi okugcina amandla omhlaba awugcina ngokumpontshwa, kanti u-50% womthamo ofakiwe wesitoreji esimpontshwa ugxile emazweni athuthukile eYurophu naseMelika. Ukusebenzisa “ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwamandla amanzi” “njengebhethri elikhulu” ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kwamandla omoya namandla elanga nokuwenza abe amandla asezingeni eliphezulu azinzile futhi alawuleke kuyisipiliyoni esibalulekile sabaholi bamanje bamazwe ngamazwe bokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Njengamanje, umthamo wezwe wami wokupompa ofakiwe uthatha kuphela u-1.43% wegridi, okuyiphutha elikhulu elikhawulela ukufezeka komgomo “wekhabhoni ekabili”.
Ugesi omncane ophehlwa ngamanzi wenza ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu zesamba semithombo yamandla kagesi ethuthukiswayo yezwe lami (okulingana neziteshi eziyisithupha zokuphehla ugesi emihosheni emithathu). Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi iminikelo yayo yokukhiqiza ugesi kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola ayinakushaywa indiva, kodwa okubaluleke nakakhulu, izimboni eziningi zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi ezisatshalaliswa ezweni lonke Ingaguqulwa ibe isiteshi samandla esigcinwa ngokumpontshwa futhi ibe usekelo olubalulekile “lwesistimu entsha yamandla ejwayela ingxenye ephezulu yamandla omoya namandla elanga kugridi.”
Kodwa-ke, ugesi omncane wezwe lami ophehlwa ngamanzi uhlangabezane nomthelela “wobukhulu obubodwa bulingana nakho konke ukubhidlizwa” kwezinye izindawo lapho amandla ezinsiza engakenziwa ngokugcwele. Amazwe athuthukile, asethuthuke kakhulu kunawethu, asazabalaza ukusebenzisa amandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-April 2021, iPhini likaMongameli wase-US uHarris waphumela obala wathi: “Impi yangaphambili yayingeyokulwela uwoyela, futhi impi elandelayo kwakungeyokulwela amanzi. Umthethosivivinywa wengqalasizinda ka-Biden uzogxila ekongiweni kwamanzi, okuzoletha amathuba omsebenzi. Futhi uhlobene nezinsiza esithembele kuzo ukuze siziphilise. Ukutshala imali kule “mpahla eyigugu” yamanzi kazwelonke yase-United States kuzoqinisa amandla kazwelonke e-United States. I-Switzerland, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kukagesi ngamanzi kuphezulu ngendlela efinyelela ku-97%, izokwenza konke okusemandleni ukuze iwusebenzise kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bomfula noma ukuphakama kokwehla. , Ngokwakha imigudu namapayipi amade ezintabeni, imithombo yamandla kagesi esabalele ezintabeni nemifudlana izogxiliswa kumadamu bese isetshenziswa ngokugcwele.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ugesi omncane ophehlwa ngamanzi ugxekwe njengembangela eyinhloko “yokonakalisa imvelo”. Abanye abantu baze bakhuthaza ukuthi “zonke iziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ezincane ezisemingenela yoMfula iYangtze kufanele zidilizwe.” Ukuphikisana nogesi omncane ophehlwa ngamanzi kubonakala “kuyimfashini.”
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo ezimbili ezinkulu zemvelo zamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi ekuncishisweni kwekhabhoni yezwe lami kanye “nokushintshwa kwezinkuni ngogesi” ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, kunezinzwa ezimbalwa ezivamile okungafanele zingacacile uma kuziwa ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kwemifula umbono womphakathi okhathazekile ngakho. Kulula ukungena “ekungazini kwemvelo”-ukuphatha ukucekelwa phansi “njengokuvikela” kanye nokuhlehla njengokuthi “intuthuko”.
Esinye siwukuthi umfula ogeleza ngokwemvelo futhi ongenazo izithiyo awusona neze isibusiso kodwa uyinhlekelele esintwini. Abantu baphila ngamanzi futhi bayekele imifula igeleze ngokukhululeka, okulingana nokuvumela izikhukhula zigcwale ngokukhululekile ngezikhathi zamanzi aphezulu, nokuyeka imifula yome ngokukhululeka ngezikhathi zamanzi amancane. Kungenxa yokuthi isibalo sezehlakalo nokufa kwezikhukhula kanye nesomiso siphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlekelele zemvelo, ukulawulwa kwezikhukhula zomfula bekulokhu kuthathwa njengodaba olukhulu lokuphatha eShayina nakwamanye amazwe. Ubuchwepheshe be-Damping namandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi buye benza ikhwalithi ephezulu ekhonweni lokulawula izikhukhula zemifula. Ukugcwala kwemifula nezikhukhula bekubhekwa njengamandla emvelo abhubhisayo angenakuvinjelwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi sekuphenduke ukulawulwa komuntu. , Bopha amandla futhi uwenze azuzise emphakathini (nisela amasimu, thola umfutho, njll.). Ngakho-ke, ukwakha amadamu kanye nokuvala amanzi okulungisa umhlaba kuyinqubekelaphambili yempucuko yabantu, futhi ukususwa kwawo wonke amadamu kuzovumela abantu ukuthi babuyele esimweni sobuqaba “sokuthembela ezulwini ukuze bathole ukudla, ukuyeka umsebenzi, nokunamathela kancane emvelweni”.
Okwesibili, isimo semvelo esihle samazwe athuthukile nezifunda sibangelwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwamadamu emifuleni kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi. Njengamanje, ngaphandle kokwakha amadamu namadamu, isintu asinayo enye indlela yokuxazulula ngokuyisisekelo ukuphikisana kokusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwemithombo yamanzi emvelo ngesikhathi nasemkhathini. Ikhono lokulawula nokulawula imithombo yamanzi ephawulwe ngezinga lokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi kanye nomthamo womuntu ngamunye wokulondoloza awekho emazweni ngamazwe. I-Line, ngokuphambene nalokho, iphakeme kakhulu. Amazwe athuthukile eYurophu nase-United States aqedele ukuthuthukiswa kokugeleza kwamandla kagesi emfuleni ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, futhi izinga lawo eliphakathi lokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi kanye nomthamo wendawo ngamunye wokugcina amandla aphindwe kabili nakahlanu kunezwe lami, ngokulandelana. Izinga le-cascade hydropower development liphakeme kakhulu kunalelo laseDanube, iRhine, iColumbia, iMississippi, iTennessee kanye neminye imifula emikhulu yaseYurophu naseMelika yoMfula iYangtze, yonke eyizindawo ezinhle, eziphumelelayo ngokwezomnotho, nezivumelanayo nabantu kanye namanzi.
Okwesithathu ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezingxenye zomfula okubangelwa ukuphambukiswa kancane kukagesi omncane ophehlwa ngamanzi, okuwukungaphathwa kahle kunokukhubazeka okungokwemvelo. Isiteshi sikagesi iDiversion hydropower siwuhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokusetshenziswa kahle kakhulu kwamandla amanzi okusabalele ekhaya naphesheya. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwasekuqaleni kwamanye amaphrojekthi amancane kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi ohlobo lwe-diversion ezweni lami, ukuhlela nokuklama kwakunganele ngokwesayensi. Ngaleso sikhathi, zazingekho izindlela zokuqwashisa nezindlela zokuphatha zokuqinisekisa “ukugeleza kwemvelo”, okwaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi ngokweqile ukukhiqiza ugesi kanye nengxenye yomfula phakathi kwezitshalo namadamu (ikakhulukazi amakhilomitha ambalwa ubude). Isenzo sokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokomisa kwemifula emashumini amakhilomitha) sigxekwe kakhulu ngemibono yomphakathi. Ngokungangabazeki, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokugeleza okomile akulungile neze kumvelo yomfula, kodwa ukuze sixazulule inkinga, asikwazi ukushaya ibhodi, imbangela nomphumela wokungafani, futhi sibeke inqola ngaphambi kwehhashi. Amaqiniso amabili kufanele acaciswe: Okokuqala, izimo zemvelo zezwe lami zinquma ukuthi imifula eminingi ingeyesizini ethile. Ngisho noma singekho isiteshi sikagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, umzila womfula uzophela amanzi futhi wome ngesikhathi esomile (lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi iShayina yasendulo nesimanje kanye namazwe angaphandle anake ngokukhethekile ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokonga amanzi kanye nokuqoqwa kobuningi nokomisa). Amanzi awawangcolisi amanzi, futhi ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokunqanyulwa okubangelwa ugesi omncane wohlobo lwe-diversion kungaxazululwa ngokuphelele ngokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokugadwa okuqinisiwe. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, ugesi omncane wohlobo lwe-diversion wasekhaya usuqedele ukuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe “kokugeleza okuqhubekayo kwamahora angama-24 kokugeleza kwemvelo”, futhi kwasungula uhlelo lokuqapha lwe-inthanethi lwesikhathi sangempela kanye nenkundla yokugada.
Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuqonda ngokunengqondo ukubaluleka okubalulekile kwamandla kagesi amancane ekuvikelweni kwemvelo emifuleni emincane nephakathi nendawo: akuqinisekisi nje ukugeleza kwemvelo komfula wokuqala, kodwa futhi kunciphisa izingozi zezikhukhula ezinamandla, futhi kuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuphila zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi nokunisela. Njengamanje, amandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi angaphehla ugesi kuphela uma kunamanzi amaningi ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwemvelo komfula. Impela kungenxa yokuba khona kweziteshi zokuphehla amandla kagesi okwenza ukuthi umthambeka wokuqala ube umqansa kakhulu futhi kunzima ukugcina amanzi ngaphandle kwenkathi yemvula. Kunalokho, kuyanyathelwa. Umhlabathi ugcina amanzi futhi uthuthukisa kakhulu imvelo. Uhlobo lwamandla kagesi amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi luyingqalasizinda ebalulekile ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuphila kwamadolobhana amancane naphakathi nendawo kanye nokulawula nokulawula imithombo yamanzi emifuleni emincane nephakathi nendawo. Ngenxa yezinkinga zokungaphathwa kahle kwezinye iziteshi zikagesi, wonke ugesi omncane ophehlwa ngamanzi udilizwa ngendluzula, okuyinto engabazekayo.
Uhulumeni omkhulu ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi ukuphakama kwekhabhoni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kufanele kufakwe ekuhlelweni okuphelele kokwakhiwa kwempucuko yezemvelo. Ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu” lwenkathi, ukwakhiwa kwempucuko yemvelo yezwe lami kuzogxila ekwehliseni ikhabhoni njengendlela yamasu abalulekile. Kufanele silandele ngokungaguquki indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngokubekwa eqhulwini kwezemvelo, okuluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi. Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kwemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho kuhlangene ngokwezilimi futhi kuyahambisana.
Ohulumeni basekhaya kufanele baqonde ngokunembile futhi basebenzise ngempela izinqubomgomo nezimfuneko zikahulumeni omkhulu. I-Fujian Xiadang Small Hydropower yenze incazelo enhle yalokhu.
Ilokishi lase-Xiadang e-Ningde, iFujian lalikade liyilokishi elimpofu kakhulu futhi “Amalokishi Angekho Amahlanu” (ayinamigwaqo, awekho amanzi, awekho izibani, awekho imali engenayo, awanandawo yamahhovisi kahulumeni) empumalanga yeFujian. Ukusebenzisa imithombo yamanzi endawo ukuze kwakhiwe isiteshi sikagesi “kufana nokubamba inkukhu ekwazi ukuzalela amaqanda.” Ngo-1989, lapho izimali zendawo ziqinile kakhulu, iKomidi Lesifunda LaseNingde lakhipha ama-yuan angu-400,000 ukuze kwakhiwe amandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi. Kusukela lapho, iqembu eliphansi liye lavalelisa emlandweni wemicu ye-bamboo kanye nokukhanyisa kwe-pine resin. Ukuniselwa ngenkasa kwezindawo zokulima ezingaphezu kuka-2 000 nakho sekuxazululiwe, futhi abantu sebeqalile ukucabanga ngendlela yokuceba, bakha izimboni ezimbili eziyizinsika zetiye nezokuvakasha. Ngokuthuthuka kwezinga lokuphila kwabantu kanye nesidingo sikagesi, Inkampani Yamanzi Amanzi Encane i-Xiadang yenze umsebenzi wokukhulisa nokuthuthukisa nokuguqula izikhathi eziningana. Lesi siteshi samandla esiwuhlobo lwe-diversion "sokonakalisa umfula kanye nokuzungeza amanzi ukuze kulungiswe indawo" manje sikhishwa ngokuqhubekayo amahora angu-24. Ukugeleza kwemvelo kuqinisekisa ukuthi imifula engezansi komfula icacile futhi ishelela, ikhombisa isithombe esihle sokuqeda ubumpofu, ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo zasemakhaya, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza nephansi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi ukuze kuqhutshwe umnotho weqembu elilodwa, kuvikelwe imvelo, futhi kuzuze abantu beqembu elilodwa kuwukuvezwa kwamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi ezindaweni eziningi zasemakhaya nezikude zezwe lakithi.
Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izingxenye zezwe, “ukususwa kwamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi endaweni yonke” kanye “nokusheshisa ukuhoxiswa kwamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi” kuthathwa “njengokubuyiselwa kwemvelo nokuvikelwa kwemvelo”. Lo mkhuba ubangele imiphumela emibi kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho nezenhlalakahle, futhi ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka futhi ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo:
Okokuqala ukungcwaba izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha ukuze kuphephe izimpilo nempahla yabantu bendawo. Cishe u-90% wokonakala kwamadamu emhlabeni kwenzeka kumadamu angenazo iziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Umkhuba wokugcina idamu lechibi kodwa ukuhlakazwa kweyunithi yokuphehla amandla ngamanzi wephula isayensi futhi kufana nokulahlekelwa isiqinisekiso sokuphepha esisebenza kahle kakhulu ngokwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphathwa kokuphepha kwansuku zonke kwedamu.
Okwesibili, izifunda esezifinyelele isiqongo sekhabhoni kagesi kumele zandise amandla amalahle ukuze kulungiswe ukushoda. Uhulumeni omkhulu udinga izifunda ezinezimo ukuthi zihole ekufinyeleleni umgomo wokufinyelela eziqongweni. Ukususwa kwamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi kuzokwengeza nakanjani ukuhlinzekwa kwamalahle nogesi ezindaweni lapho izimo zemithombo yemvelo zingezinhle, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba negebe elikhulu, futhi ezinye izindawo zingase zihlupheke ngisho nokushoda kukagesi.
Okwesithathu ukulimaza kakhulu izindawo zemvelo namaxhaphozi kanye nokunciphisa amandla okuvimbela izinhlekelele kanye nokunciphisa ezindaweni ezinezintaba. Ngokususwa kwamandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi, izindawo eziningi ezinhle, amapaki amaxhaphozi, ama-crested ibis nezinye izindawo zezinyoni eziyivelakancane ebezincike endaweni yedamu ngeke zisaba khona. Ngaphandle kokushabalaliswa kwamandla eziteshini eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi, akunakwenzeka ukudambisa ukuguguleka nokuguguleka kwezigodi zezintaba ngemifula, futhi izinhlekelele zemvelo ezifana nokudilika kwenhlabathi nokudilika kodaka nazo zizokwanda.
Okwesine, ukuboleka nokudiliza iziteshi zikagesi kungase kudale ubungozi bezezimali futhi kuthinte uzinzo emphakathini. Ukuhoxiswa kukagesi omncane ophehlwa ngamanzi kuzodinga isamba esikhulu semali yesinxephezelo, okuzofaka izifunda eziningi ezimpofu ezingeni likahulumeni ezisanda kukhumula izigqoko zazo ezikweletini ezinkulu. Uma isinxephezelo singekho ngesikhathi, kuzoholela ekuhlulekeni kwezikweletu. Njengamanje, kube nezingxabano zomphakathi kanye nezigameko zokuvikelwa kwamalungelo kwezinye izindawo.
I-Hydropower ayiwona nje amandla ahlanzekile aqashelwa umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa futhi inokulawula nokulawula imithombo yamanzi ongeke wathathelwa indawo yinoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi. Amazwe athuthukile eYurophu nase-United States awakaze angene “enkathini yokubhidliza amadamu”. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kungenxa yokuthi izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi kanye nomthamo womuntu ngamunye wokuwugcina liphezulu kakhulu kunalelo lezwe lethu. Phromotha ukuguqulwa "kwamandla avuselelekayo angu-100% ngo-2050" ngezindleko eziphansi nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule noma ngaphezulu, ngenxa yokudukiswa “kokwenziwa ngamademoni kwamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi,” ukuqonda kwabantu abaningi ngamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi kusalokhu kusezingeni eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Amanye amaphrojekthi amakhulu aphehlwa ngamanzi ahlobene nomnotho wezwe kanye nezimpilo zabantu akhanseliwe noma aphelelwe yisikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla amanje okulawula imithombo yamanzi ezwe lami ayingxenye eyodwa kwesihlanu kuphela yezinga eliphakathi lamazwe athuthukile, futhi inani lamanzi atholakalayo ngomuntu ngamunye belilokhu lisesimweni “sokuswelakala okukhulu kwamanzi” ngokwezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, futhi iYangtze River Basin ibhekene nokulawulwa kwezikhukhula okunzima nokulwa nezikhukhula cishe minyaka yonke. ingcindezi. Uma ukugxambukela "kwedemoniation of hydropower" kungaqedwa, kuzoba nzima nakakhulu ngathi ukufeza umgomo "we-dual carbon" ngenxa yokuntuleka komnikelo ovela emanzini.
Noma ngabe ukugcina ukuvikeleka kwamanzi kuzwelonke kanye nokutholakala kokudla, noma ukugcwalisa ukuzibophezela kwezwe lami emgomweni wamazwe ngamazwe “we-dual-carbon”, ukuthuthukiswa kukagesi ngamanzi ngeke kusabambezeleka. Kudingeka ngempela ukuhlanza nokulungisa kabusha imboni encane yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, kodwa ngeke kudlulwe ngokweqile futhi kuthinte isimo sonke, futhi ngeke kwenziwe kuyo yonke indawo, ingasaphathwa eyokumisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuphehlwa kwamanzi amancane okunamandla amakhulu ezinsiza. Kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokubuyela ekuhlakanipheni kwesayensi, ukuhlanganisa ukuvumelana komphakathi, ukugwema ukuchezuka nezindlela ezingalungile, kanye nokukhokha izindleko zenhlalo ezingadingekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-14-2021
