Iiteknoloji kunye namathemba oMbane weHydro omncinci kunye nowe-Low-Head

Iinkxalabo zotshintsho lwemozulu zizise ingqwalasela entsha ekuveliseni amandla ombane aphuma emanzini njengento enokuthatha indawo yombane ovela kumafutha efosili. Amandla ombane aphuma emanzini okwangoku amalunga ne-6% yombane oveliswa eMelika, kwaye ukuveliswa kombane ovela kumandla ombane aphuma emanzini akuvelisi kukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni uninzi lwezixhobo zombane wamanzi ezinkulu neziqhelekileyo sele ziphuhlisiwe, isizathu samandla acocekileyo sokuphuhliswa kwezixhobo zombane wamanzi ezincinci neziphantsi ngoku sinokubakho.
Ukuveliswa kwamandla avela kwimilambo nemijelo akuyonto ingenakuphikiswana ngayo, kwaye amandla okuvelisa amandla avela kwezi mithombo kuya kufuneka alinganiswe nxamnye nokusingqongileyo kunye nezinye izinto ezichaphazela uluntu. Loo mlinganiso unokuncediswa luphando malunga nobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nemigaqo yokucinga kwangaphambili ekhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwezi zixhobo ngeendlela ezingabizi kakhulu nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo eziqonda ukuba ezo zixhobo, xa zakhiwe, zinokuhlala ubuncinane iminyaka engama-50.
Uphononongo lokwenzeka kwezinto olwenziwe yi-Idaho National Laboratory ngo-2006 lubonise uvavanyo lwamandla ophuhliso lwezixhobo zamandla ezincinci neziphantsi zokuvelisa umbane ngamanzi e-United States. Malunga neendawo ezingama-5,400 kweziyi-100,000 zafunyaniswa ukuba zinamandla okwenza iiprojekthi ezincinci zamanzi (oko kukuthi, ukubonelela phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-30 Megawatts yamandla aphakathi ngonyaka). ISebe lezaMandla laseMelika liqikelele ukuba ezi projekthi (ukuba ziphuhlisiwe) ziya kubangela ukwanda okungaphezulu kwama-50% kokuveliswa kombane ngamanzi. Umbane wamanzi ophantsi udla ngokubhekisa kwiindawo ezinentloko (oko kukuthi, umahluko wokuphakama) engaphantsi kweemitha ezintlanu (malunga neenyawo ezili-16).

Izibonelelo zamanzi ezisebenza emilanjeni zihlala zixhomekeke kumanzi emilanjeni nakwimilambo, kwaye ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa amanzi amancinci ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwakha amachibi amakhulu. Iziseko ezilungiselelwe ukuhambisa amanzi kwiindlela ezifana nemijelo, imijelo yokunkcenkceshela, imijelo yamanzi, kunye nemibhobho nazo zinokusetyenziswa ukuvelisa umbane. Iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi nakwimizi-mveliso ukunciphisa ukwakheka koxinzelelo lolwelo kwivalvu okanye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo ukuya kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lokusetyenziswa yinkqubo yamanzi abathengi banikezela ngamathuba ongezelelweyo okuvelisa umbane.
Iibhili ezininzi ezisalindileyo kwiCongress zokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu kunye namandla acocekileyo zifuna ukuseka umgangatho wamandla avuselelekayo karhulumente (okanye umbane) (RES). Ezona ziphambili phakathi kwezi yi-HR 2454, uMthetho wamandla acocekileyo kunye noKhuseleko lwaseMelika ka-2009, kunye no-S. 1462, uMthetho wobuNkokheli baMandla acocekileyo waseMelika ka-2009. Phantsi kwezi ziphakamiso zangoku, i-RES iya kufuna ukuba ababoneleli bombane abathengisa ngombane bafumane iipesenti ezikhulayo zombane ovuselelekayo kumbane abawunika abathengi. Nangona umbane wamanzi ngokubanzi uthathwa njengomthombo ococekileyo wamandla ombane, kuphela ubuchwepheshe be-hydrokinetic (obuxhomekeke emanzini ahambayo) kunye nokusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo kombane wamanzi onokuthi ulungele i-RES. Ngenxa yolwimi lwangoku kwiibhili ezisalindileyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba uninzi lweeprojekthi ezintsha zamandla aphantsi kunye namanzi amancinci asebenza emilanjeni ziya kuhlangabezana neemfuno "zombane wamanzi ofanelekileyo" ngaphandle kokuba ezi projekthi zifakwe kumadama angengowamanzi akhoyo.
Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinci beeprojekthi xa kuthelekiswa neendleko zophuhliso lwamandla ombane amancinci naphantsi, amaxabiso okukhuthaza umbane oveliswayo ngokuhamba kwexesha anokunyusa ukwenzeka kweprojekthi ngokusekelwe kwintengiso yamandla. Ngenxa yoko, ngomgaqo-nkqubo wamandla acocekileyo njengomqhubi, izibonelelo zikarhulumente zinokuba luncedo. Uphuhliso olongezelelekileyo lwamandla ombane amancinci naphantsi ngokubanzi lunokwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe ojolise ekukhuthazeni iinjongo zamandla acocekileyo.