Ukadaulo ndi Ziyembekezo za Mphamvu ya Madzi Yaing'ono ndi Yotsika

Nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo zabweretsa chidwi chatsopano pakukula kwa kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ngati njira yolowa m'malo mwa magetsi ochokera ku mafuta opangidwa kale. Mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi pakadali pano ndi pafupifupi 6% ya magetsi omwe amapangidwa ku United States, ndipo kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi sikutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni. Komabe, popeza zambiri mwazinthu zazikulu komanso zachikhalidwe zamagetsi zamagetsi zapangidwa kale, pali chifukwa chomveka bwino chopangira mphamvu zamagetsi zazing'ono komanso zotsika mtengo.
Kupanga magetsi kuchokera ku mitsinje ndi mitsinje sikuli kopanda mkangano, ndipo kuthekera kopanga mphamvu kuchokera ku magwero amenewa kuyenera kulinganizidwa motsutsana ndi nkhawa zachilengedwe ndi zina zokhudzana ndi zosowa za anthu. Kulinganiza kumeneko kungathandizidwe ndi kafukufuku wa ukadaulo watsopano ndi malamulo oganizira zam'tsogolo omwe amalimbikitsa chitukuko cha zinthuzi m'njira zotsika mtengo komanso zosawononga chilengedwe zomwe zimazindikira kuti malo otere, akangomangidwa, amatha kukhala kwa zaka zosachepera 50.
Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Idaho National Laboratory mu 2006 adawonetsa kuthekera kopanga mphamvu zamagetsi zazing'ono komanso zochepa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga magetsi amadzi ku United States. Pafupifupi malo 5,400 mwa 100,000 adapezeka kuti ali ndi kuthekera kopanga mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono amadzi (monga, kupereka pakati pa 1 ndi 30 Megawatts yamagetsi apachaka). Dipatimenti ya Zamagetsi ku US idaneneratu kuti mapulojekiti awa (ngati atapangidwa) angapangitse kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kopitilira 50% kwa mphamvu zonse zopangira magetsi amadzi. Mphamvu zamagetsi zamadzi zamadzi zamadzi zamadzi zamadzi nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza malo omwe ali ndi mutu (monga, kusiyana kwa kutalika) osakwana mamita asanu (pafupifupi mapazi 16).

Malo opangira magetsi ochokera mumtsinje nthawi zambiri amadalira madzi ndi mitsinje yachilengedwe, ndipo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ochepa popanda kufunikira kumanga malo akuluakulu osungira madzi. Zipangizo zoyendetsera madzi zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zisunthe madzi m'mitsinje monga ngalande, ngalande zothirira, ngalande zamadzi, ndi mapaipi zimatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga magetsi. Ma valve ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina operekera madzi ndi mafakitale kuti achepetse kuthamanga kwa madzi mu valavu kapena kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa madzi kufika pamlingo woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makasitomala a makina amadzi amapereka mwayi wowonjezera wopanga magetsi.
Malamulo angapo omwe akuyembekezeredwa ku Nyumba Yamalamulo okhudza kuchepetsa kusintha kwa nyengo ndi mphamvu zoyera akufuna kukhazikitsa muyezo wa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa (kapena magetsi) wa boma (RES). Ofunika kwambiri mwa awa ndi HR 2454, American Clean Energy and Security Act ya 2009, ndi S. 1462, American Clean Energy Leadership Act ya 2009. Malinga ndi malingaliro omwe alipo pano, RES ikufuna kuti ogulitsa magetsi ogulitsa azipeza magetsi ochulukirapo chifukwa cha mphamvu zomwe amapereka kwa makasitomala. Ngakhale kuti magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi nthawi zambiri amaonedwa ngati gwero loyera la mphamvu zamagetsi, ukadaulo wa hydrokinetic wokha (womwe umadalira madzi oyenda) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa zamadzi ndi omwe angayenerere RES. Popeza pali chilankhulo chomwe chilipo m'mabilo omwe akuyembekezeredwa, sizingatheke kuti mapulojekiti ambiri atsopano amagetsi otsika komanso ang'onoang'ono oyendetsedwa ndi madzi omwe angakwaniritse zofunikira za "magetsi oyenerera amadzi" pokhapokha ngati mapulojekitiwa ayikidwa m'madamu omwe si amagetsi.
Popeza mapulojekiti ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi ang'onoang'ono ndi otsika mtengo, mitengo yolimbikitsira magetsi yomwe imapangidwa pakapita nthawi ingawonjezere kuthekera kwa pulojekiti kutengera kugulitsa magetsi. Chifukwa chake, ndi mfundo ya mphamvu yoyera ngati choyambitsa, zolimbikitsira za boma zitha kukhala zothandiza. Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamagetsi yaing'ono ndi yochepa kwambiri pamlingo waukulu kungabwere chifukwa cha mfundo yadziko lonse yolimbikitsa zolinga za mphamvu yoyera.