Nā ngā āwangawanga mō te huringa āhuarangi kua hoki mai te aro ki te whakapiki ake i te whakaputanga hiko wai hei whakakapi pea mō te hiko mai i ngā wahie pūmua. E 6% pea o te hiko e whakaputaina ana i te Hononga o Amerika i tēnei wā ko te hiko wai, ā, kāore he tukunga waro e puta mai i te whakaputanga hiko mai i te hiko wai. Heoi, nā te mea kua whakawhanakehia kētia te nuinga o ngā rauemi hiko wai nui ake, tuku iho, tera pea kei te wātea he take mō te whakawhanaketanga o ngā rauemi hiko wai iti me te iti te kaha.
Kāore e kore he tautohe mō te whakaputa hiko mai i ngā awa me ngā manga wai, ā, me whakataurite te kaha ki te whakaputa pūngao mai i ēnei puna ki ngā āwangawanga taiao me ētahi atu āwangawanga mō te marea. Ka taea te āwhina i taua taurite mā te rangahau i ngā hangarau hou me ngā ture matatau e whakatenatena ana i te whanaketanga o ēnei rauemi i roto i ngā huarahi utu-whai hua, ā-taiao hoki, e whakaae ana ka taea e aua whare, ina oti te hanga, te roa mō te iti rawa 50 tau.
I te tau 2006, i whakaatuhia e te rangahau whaihua a te Idaho National Laboratory tētahi aromatawai mō te pūmanawa mō te whakawhanake i ngā rauemi hiko iti me te iti-te-upoko mō te whakaputa hiko wai i te United States. Tata ki te 5,400 o te 100,000 ngā wāhi i whakatauhia he pūmanawa mō ngā kaupapa wai iti (arā, te whakarato i waenga i te 1 me te 30 Megawatts o te hiko toharite ā-tau). I whakatau tata te Tari Pūngao o Amerika ka hua ake i ēnei kaupapa (mēnā ka whakawhanakehia) he pikinga neke atu i te 50% o te whakaputa hiko wai katoa. Ko te hiko wai iti-te-upoko e pā ana ki ngā wāhi he iti iho i te rima mita te teitei (tata ki te 16 putu).
Ko ngā whakaurunga hiko wai e rere ana i te awa, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te rere maori o ngā awa me ngā manga wai, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rahinga wai iti ake me te kore e hiahiatia te hanga puna wai nui. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā hanganga kua hangaia hei neke i te wai i roto i ngā paipa pēnei i ngā awaawa, ngā awaawa whakamakuku, ngā awaawa, me ngā paipa hei whakaputa hiko. Ko ngā takirere whakaiti pēhanga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha tuku wai me ngā ahumahi hei whakaiti i te kohi pēhanga wai i roto i te takirere, hei whakaiti rānei i te pēhanga ki te taumata e tika ana mō te whakamahi a ngā kiritaki pūnaha wai, ka tukuna he whai wāhitanga atu mō te whakaputa hiko.
He maha ngā pire e tatari ana i roto i te Runanga mō te whakaiti i te huringa āhuarangi me te pūngao ma e whai ana ki te whakatū i tētahi paerewa pūngao whakahou (hiko rānei) ā-motu (RES). Ko ngā mea nui o ēnei ko te HR 2454, te American Clean Energy and Security Act o te tau 2009, me te S. 1462, te American Clean Energy Leadership Act o te tau 2009. I raro i ngā whakaaro o nāianei, ka hiahiatia e te RES ngā kaiwhakarato hiko hokohoko kia whiwhi i ngā ōrau pikinga ake o te hiko whakahou mō te hiko e tukuna ana e rātou ki ngā kiritaki. Ahakoa e whakaarohia ana te mana wai hei puna hiko ma, ko ngā hangarau hydrokinetic anake (e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wai nekeneke) me ngā tono iti o te mana wai ka tika mō te RES. I runga i te reo o nāianei i roto i ngā pire e tatari ana, kāore pea te nuinga o ngā kaupapa mana wai iti me ngā kaupapa mana wai hou e rere ana i te awa ka tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te "mana wai whai mana" ki te kore ēnei kaupapa e tāutahia ki ngā tāhuna kore-mana wai o nāianei.
I te mea he iti ake te rahi o ngā kaupapa e pā ana ki ngā utu mō te whakawhanaketanga o te hiko wai iti me te iti te kaha, ka taea e ngā reiti whakatenatena mō te hiko e whakaputaina ana i roto i te wā te whakanui ake i te whaihua o tētahi kaupapa i runga i ngā hoko hiko. Nō reira, me te kaupapa here pūngao ma hei kaiārahi, tera pea he āwhina ngā whakatenatena a te kāwanatanga. Ko te whanaketanga tonu o te hiko wai iti me te iti te kaha i runga i te tauine whānui ka puta mai pea i runga i tētahi kaupapa here ā-motu e whai ana ki te whakatairanga i ngā whāinga pūngao ma.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-05-2021
