Zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zviri kutanga kushanda mukuvaka michina yemagetsi emvura. Kuferefeta kusimba kwezvinhu nezvimwe zvinodiwa kunoratidza kuti pane zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa, kunyanya kumayuniti madiki nemadiki.
Chinyorwa chino chakaongororwa uye chakagadziriswa zvichienderana neongororo dzakaitwa nenyanzvi mbiri kana kupfuura dzine hunyanzvi hwakakodzera. Vaongorori vezera ravo ava vanoongorora zvinyorwa kuti vaone kururama kwehunyanzvi, kubatsira, uye kukosha kwazvo muindasitiri yemagetsi.
Kukwira kwezvinhu zvitsva kunopa mikana inonakidza kuindasitiri yemagetsi emvura. Huni — dzaishandiswa mumavhiri emvura ekutanga nemapenstocks — dzakatsiviwa nezvimwe zvikamu zvesimbi kutanga kwema1800. Simbi inoramba iine simba rayo kuburikidza nekuneta kwakanyanya uye inodzivirira kukanganiswa kwevhu uye ngura. Hunhu hwayo hunonzwisiswa zvakanaka uye maitiro ekugadzira zvikamu akagadzirwa zvakanaka. Kune mayuniti makuru, simbi ingangoramba iri chinhu chinosarudzwa.
Zvisinei, tichifunga nezvekukwira kwema turbine madiki (ari pasi pe 10 MW) kuenda kuma turbines madiki (ari pasi pe 100 kW), ma composites anogona kushandiswa kuderedza huremu uye kuderedza mari yekugadzira uye kukanganisa nharaunda. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha tichifunga nezvekuwanda kuri kuramba kuchiitika kwemagetsi. Huwandu hwemagetsi anogadzirwa pasi rose, anoda kusvika 800,000 MW zvichienderana neongororo yakaitwa muna 2009 neNorwegian Renewable Energy Partners, i10% chete yemagetsi anokwanisika uye 6% yemagetsi anokwanisika. Kugona kuunza mvura yakawanda inokwanisika mune zvehunyanzvi munzvimbo yehupfumi kunowedzera nekukwanisa kwezvikamu zvinosanganiswa kupa hupfumi hwenzvimbo.
Kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvakasanganiswa
Kuti ugadzire penstock zvine mwero uye nesimba rakasimba nguva dzose, nzira yakanakisisa ndeyekumonera filament. Mandrel hombe inoputirwa nemataira efiber akashandiswa mubhavhu re resin. Mataira anoputirwa nehoop uye helical patterns kuti agadzire simba rekumanikidzwa kwemukati, kukotama kwenguva refu uye kubata. Chikamu chemhedzisiro chiri pazasi chinoratidza mutengo nehuremu patsoka imwe neimwe yemataira maviri epenstock, zvichibva pamutengo wevatengesi vemunharaunda. Mutengo wacho wakaratidza kuti ukobvu hwedhizaini hwaikonzerwa nezvinodiwa zvekuisa nekubata, kwete mutoro wakaderera wekumanikidzwa, uye kune ese ari maviri waive 2.28 cm.
Nzira mbiri dzekugadzira dzakafungwa nezve magedhi ewicket nemavane ekugara; wet layup uye vacuum infusion. Wet layup inoshandisa jira rakaoma, iro rinonyudzwa nekudururira resin pamusoro pejira uye kushandisa maroller kusundira resin mujira. Maitiro aya haana kuchena sekunyudzwa kwevacuum uye haawanzo gadzira chimiro chakanyatsogadzirwa maererano nehuwandu hwefiber-to-resin, asi zvinotora nguva shoma pane maitiro ekunyudzwa kwevacuum. Vacuum infusion inoisa fiber yakaoma munzvimbo dzakakodzera, uye dry stack inozoiswa vacuum mubhegi uye zvimwe zvinosungirirwa zvinotungamira kune resin inowanikwa, iyo inokweverwa muchikamu kana vacuum yaiswa. Vacuum inobatsira kuchengetedza huwandu hweresin padanho rakakodzera uye inoderedza kuburitswa kwezvinonhuhwirira zvinoputika.
Chikwama chekuscrolla chichashandisa kurongedzwa nemaoko muzvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana pachimiro chechirume kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mukati mayo makanaka. Zvikamu zviviri izvi zvinozobatanidzwa pamwe chete nefiber inowedzerwa kunze panzvimbo yekubonderana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti yakasimba zvakakwana. Kumanikidzwa kuri mubhokisi rekuscrolla hakudi composite yakasimba kwazvo, saka kurongedzwa kwakanyorova kwejira refiberglass rine epoxy resin kuchakwana. Ukobvu hwebhokisi rekuscrolla hwakavakirwa pachimiro chakafanana nepenstock. Chikwata che250-kW muchina we axial flow, saka hapana chikwama chekuscrolla.
Muchina we turbine unobatanidza hunyanzvi hwakaoma uye zvinodiwa zvakanyanya. Basa razvino raratidza kuti zvikamu zvechimiro zvine simba guru zvinogona kugadzirwa kubva kuSMC yakachekwa-chekwa ine simba rakanaka uye kuomarara.5 Ruoko rwekumisa rweLamborghini Gallardo rwakagadzirwa uchishandisa zvidimbu zvakawanda zveSMC yakachekwa-chekwa inozivikanwa se forged composite, compression molded kuti ibudise ukobvu hunodiwa. Nzira imwecheteyo inogona kushandiswa kune Francis ne propeller runners. Francis runner haigone kugadzirwa seyuniti imwe chete, sezvo kuomarara kwe blade overlay kwaizodzivirira chikamu kuti chisaburitswe mu mold. Saka, ma runner blades, korona ne band zvinogadzirwa zvakasiyana uye zvino zvinobatanidzwa pamwe chete uye zvinosimbiswa nemabhaudhi kuburikidza nekunze kwe crown ne band.
Kunyange zvazvo chubhu yekudhonza ichigadzirwa zviri nyore kushandisa filament winding, maitiro aya haana kutengeswa achishandisa fiber dzechisikigo. Saka, layup nemaoko yakasarudzwa, sezvo iyi iri nzira yakajairika yekugadzira, pasinei nemari yakawanda yevashandi. Uchishandisa mold yechirume yakafanana ne mandrel, layup inogona kupedzwa nemold yakatwasuka yozoshandurwa yakatwasuka kuti iome, kudzivirira kutsvedza kune rumwe rutivi. Huremu hwezvikamu zvakasanganiswa huchasiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nehuwandu hwe resin muchikamu chakapedzwa. Nhamba idzi dzakavakirwa pa50% yehuremu hwefiber.
Huremu hwese hwesimbi ne turbine ine 2-MW i9,888 kg uye 7,016 kg, zvichiteerana. Maturbine ane 250-kW esimbi ne turbine ine 3,734 kg uye 1,927 kg, zvichiteerana. Huwandu hwese hunofunga kuti mageti ewiketi makumi maviri eturbine yega yega uye kureba kwepenstock kwakaenzana nemusoro weturbine. Zvingangoita kuti penstock ichave yakareba uye inoda fittings, asi nhamba iyi inopa fungidziro yekutanga yehuremu hweyuniti uye ma peripherals anoenderana nayo. Jenareta, mabhoti ne gate actuating hardware hazvina kubatanidzwa uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakafanana pakati peyuniti ine composite nesimbi. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti runner patsva inodiwa kuti iverenge huwandu hwekushushikana kunoonekwa muFEA inowedzera huremu kumayuniti ane stress, asi huwandu hwacho hunofungidzirwa kuti hushoma, pa5 kg yekusimbisa mapoinzi nekushushikana.
Nehuremu hwakapihwa, turbine ine 2-MW composite ne penstock yayo yaigona kusimudzwa neV-22 Osprey inokurumidza, nepo muchina wesimbi waizoda helikopta yeChinook twin rotor inononoka uye isingachinjiki. Zvakare, turbine ine 2-MW composite ne penstock zvaigona kudhonzwa neF-250 4×4, nepo unit yesimbi yaizoda rori hombe yaizove yakaoma kudhonzwa mumigwagwa yemusango kana kuiswa kwacho kuri kure.
Mhedziso
Zvinokwanisika kugadzira maturbine kubva pazvinhu zvakagadzirwa nesimbi, uye huremu hwakadzikira ne50% kusvika 70% zvichienzaniswa nezvinhu zvesimbi zvemazuva ano. Kudzikira kwehuremu kunogona kubvumira maturbine akaumbwa nesimbi kuti aiswe munzvimbo dziri kure. Pamusoro pezvo, kuungana kwezvivakwa izvi hazvidi michina yekushongedza. Zvikamu izvi zvinodawo zvikamu zvishoma kuti zvibatanidzwe pamwe chete, sezvo chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chinogona kugadzirwa muchikamu chimwe kana zviviri. Pakugadzirwa kudiki kwakaitwa muchidzidzo ichi, mutengo wemamoulds nezvimwe zvishandiso zvinonyanya kukosha pamutengo wezvikamu.
Kuyerera kudiki kwakaratidzwa pano kunoratidza kuti zvaizodhura zvakadii kutanga tsvakiridzo yakawanda pamusoro pezvinhu izvi. Tsvagiridzo iyi inogona kugadzirisa kukanganiswa kwevhu nekudzivirira UV kwezvikamu mushure mekuiswa. Zvinogona kuitika kushandisa elastomer kana ceramic coating kuderedza kukanganiswa kwevhu kana kuona kuti turbine inofamba muhurongwa hwekuyerera nemusoro hunodzivirira kukanganiswa kwevhu. Zvichave zvakakosha kuyedza nekugadzirisa nyaya idzi nedzimwe kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mayuniti anogona kuwana kuvimbika kwakafanana nematurbine esimbi, kunyanya kana achizoiswa munzvimbo dzisingawanzogadziriswa.
Kunyangwe pamabasa madiki aya, zvimwe zvikamu zvecomposite zvinogona kushanda zvakanaka nekuda kwekudzikira kwevashandi vanodiwa pakugadzira. Semuenzaniso, scroll case ye2-MW Francis unit yaizodhura $80,000 kuti ishandiswe kubva musimbi zvichienzaniswa ne$25,000 yekugadzira composite. Zvisinei, tichifunga nezvekugadzirwa kwakanaka kweturbine runners, mutengo wekuumba composite runners unopfuura zvikamu zvesimbi zvakaenzana. 2-MW runner yaizodhura anenge $23,000 kugadzira kubva musimbi, zvichienzaniswa ne$27,000 kubva mucomposite. Mari inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemuchina. Uye mutengo wezvikamu zvecomposite waizoderera zvakanyanya pamabasa ekugadzira akakwira kana moulds dzikagona kushandiswazve.
Vaongorori vakatoongorora kuvakwa kwezvishandiso zvematurbine kubva muzvinhu zvakasanganiswa.8 Zvisinei, chidzidzo ichi hachina kutaura nezvekukanganiswa kwevhu nekugadzirwa kwevhu. Danho rinotevera rematurbine akasanganiswa nderekugadzira nekuvaka modhi yechikero iyo inobvumira humbowo hwekuti zvinogoneka uye hupfumi hwekugadzirwa. Chigadzirwa ichi chinogona kuyedzwa kuti chione kushanda zvakanaka uye kushanda zvakanaka, pamwe nenzira dzekudzivirira kukanganiswa kwevhu nevhu zvakanyanya.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-15-2022
