Composite zvinhu zviri kupinda mukuvaka kwemidziyo yeindasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi.Ongororo yesimba rezvinhu uye mamwe maitiro anoratidza akawanda mamwe mashandisirwo, kunyanya kune madiki uye madiki mayuniti.
Ichi chinyorwa chakaongororwa uye chakagadziriswa zvinoenderana neongororo yakaitwa nenyanzvi mbiri kana kupfuura dzine hunyanzvi hwakakodzera.Ava vezera vanoongorora vanotonga zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi hwekuita, kubatsira, uye kukosha kwese mukati meindasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi.
Kusimuka kwezvinhu zvitsva kunopa mikana inonakidza yeindasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi.Huni - yakashandiswa mumavhiri emvura ekutanga uye penstocks - yakatsiviwa nechikamu nesimbi mukutanga kwema1800s.Simbi inochengeta simba rayo kuburikidza nekuneta kwakanyanya kurodha uye inodzivirira kukukurwa kwecavitation uye ngura.Zvimiro zvaro zvinonyatsonzwisiswa uye maitiro ekugadzira chikamu akagadzirwa zvakanaka.Kune mahombe mayuniti, simbi ingangoramba iri chinhu chesarudzo.
Nekudaro, tichipihwa kukwira kwediki (pazasi pe10 MW) kune madiki-saizi (pazasi pe100 kW) turbines, macomposites anogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza huremu uye kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha zvakapihwa kuenderera mberi kwekudiwa kwekukura kwemagetsi.Iyo yakaiswa pasi rose hydro capacity, ingangoita 800,000 MW maererano neongororo ya2009 yakaitwa neNorwegian Renewable Energy Partners, ingori gumi muzana yeinogoneka mune zvehupfumi uye 6% yehunyanzvi hunyanzvi hwemagetsi emvura.Iko kugona kuunza yakawanda yeinogoneka hydro munzvimbo yehupfumi inogoneka kuwedzera nekugona kwezvakaumbwa zvikamu kupa hupfumi hwechiyero.
Kugadzirwa kweComposite component
Kugadzira penstock zvine hupfumi uye nekusimba kwakasimba, nzira yakanakisa ndeye filament winding.Mandrel hombe yakaputirwa nematavi efiber ayo akamhanyiswa kuburikidza nekugeza resin.Iwo matani akaputirwa muhupu uye helical mapatani kuti agadzire simba rekumanikidza kwemukati, kukotama kwenguva refu uye kubata.Chikamu chemhedzisiro pazasi chinoratidza mutengo uye huremu parutsoka rwemapeni maviri saizi, zvichibva pane quote kubva kune veko vatengesi.Iyo quote yakaratidza kuti dhizaini ukobvu hwaifambiswa nekuisa uye kubata zvinodiwa, pane kuderera kudzvinyirira mutoro, uye kune ese ari maviri 2.28 cm.
Nzira mbiri dzekugadzira dzakatariswa kune magedhi ewiketi uye mavheti ekugara;kunyorova kwekuisa uye vacuum infusion.Wet layup inoshandisa jira rakaoma, iro rinoiswa mukati nekudururira resin pamusoro pejira uye kushandisa rollers kusundira resin mujira.Iyi nzira haina kuchena senge vacuum infusion uye haigaro gadzira iyo yakanyanya optimized chimiro maererano nefiber-to-resin ratio, asi inotora nguva shoma pane iyo vacuum infusion process.Vacuum infusion inogadzika fiber yakaoma munzvimbo kwayo, uye iyo yakaoma stack inobva yavharwa uye mamwe mafittings anosungirirwa anotungamira kune resin inopihwa, iyo inodhonzwa muchikamu kana vacuum yaiswa.Iyo vacuum inobatsira kuchengetedza huwandu hweresin padanho rakakwana uye inoderedza kuburitswa kweanoshanduka organics.
Iyo kesi yemupumburu ichashandisa kugadzika kwemaoko muzvidimbu zviviri zvakapatsanurwa pane chirume mold kuve nechokwadi chemukati chakatsetseka.Aya mahafu maviri anozobatanidzwa pamwe chete nefiber yakawedzerwa kune kunze panzvimbo yekubatana kuti ive nechokwadi chakakwana simba.Kuremerwa kwekuremerwa mumupumburu hakudi yakakura-yakasimba yepamusoro komputa, saka kunyorova kwejira refiberglass jira rine epoxy resin richave rakakwana.Ukobvu hwekesi yemupumburu hwaive hwakavakirwa pane imwechete dhizaini parameter se penstock.Iyo 250-kW unit ndeye axial kuyerera muchina, saka hapana scroll kesi.
Mumhanyi weturbine anosanganisa yakaoma geometry ine yakakwira mutoro zvinodiwa.Basa richangoburwa rakaratidza kuti simba repamusoro-soro rekugadzirisa zvikamu zvinogona kugadzirwa kubva kune yakachekwa prepreg SMC ine simba rakanakisa uye kuoma.5 Ruoko rwakasimudzwa rweLamborghini Gallardo rwakagadzirwa uchishandisa zvidimbu zvakawanda zveyakachekwa prepreg SMC inozivikanwa seyakaumbwa composite, compression yakaumbwa. kugadzira ukobvu hunodiwa.Nzira imwechete inogona kushandiswa kuna Francis uye propeller runners.Mumhanyi waFrancis haagone kuitwa sechikamu chimwe, sezvo kuomarara kweblade kupindirana kwaizodzivirira chikamu kubva mukuumbwa.Nokudaro, mashizha emumhanyi, korona uye bhendi zvinogadzirwa zvakasiyana uye zvino zvinosungirirwa pamwe chete uye zvakasimbiswa nemabhoti kuburikidza nekunze kwekorona nebhandi.
Kunyange iyo chubhu inogadzirwa zviri nyore kugadzirwa uchishandisa filament winding, maitiro aya haasati atengeswa pachishandiswa tambo dzechisikigo.Saka, kuiswa kwemaoko kwakasarudzwa, sezvo iyi iri nzira yekugadzira, pasinei nepamusoro pemari yebasa.Uchishandisa mold yechirume yakafanana ne mandrel, iyo yekuisa inogona kupedzwa ne mold yakachinjika yobva yatendeuka yakamira kuti irape, kudzivirira kudonha kune rimwe divi.Huremu hwezvikamu zvakaumbwa huchasiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nehuwandu hweresin muchikamu chakapedzwa.Nhamba idzi dzinobva pa50% fiber uremu.
Huremu hwakazara hwesimbi uye inoumbwa 2-MW turbine i9,888 kg uye 7,016 kg, zvichiteerana.Iyo 250-kW simbi uye composite turbines ndeye 3,734 kg uye 1,927 kg, zvichiteerana.Huwandu hunotora magedhi ewiketi makumi maviri eturbine yega yega uye penstock urefu hwakaenzana nemusoro weturbine.Zvingangoita kuti penstock ingave yakareba uye inoda mafittings, asi iyi nhamba inopa fungidziro yekutanga yehuremu hweyuniti uye inobatanidzwa peripherals.Iyo jenareta, mabhaudhi uye gedhi actuating Hardware haina kubatanidzwa uye inofungidzirwa kuti yakafanana pakati peiyo composite uye simbi zvikamu.Izvo zvakakoshawo kucherechedza kuti mumhanyi redhizaini inodiwa kuverengera kushushikana kwekusagadzikana kunoonekwa muFEA kwaizowedzera huremu kune akaumbwa mayuniti, asi iyo mari inofungidzirwa kuve shoma, pahurongwa hwe5 kg kusimbisa mapoinzi nekushushikana kushushikana.
Nezviyero zvakapiwa, 2-MW composite turbine uye penstock yayo inogona kusimudzwa neV-22 Osprey inokurumidza, asi muchina wesimbi waizoda zvishoma zvishoma, zvisingachinjiki Chinook twin rotor helicopter.Zvakare, iyo 2-MW inoumbwa turbine uye penstock inogona kudhonzwa neF-250 4 × 4, nepo simbi unit yaizoda hombe rori iyo yaizova yakaoma kufambisa mumigwagwa yemusango kana kuiswa kuri kure.
Mhedziso
Zvinokwanisika kugadzira turbines kubva kune zvakasanganiswa zvinhu, uye kuderedzwa kwe50% kusvika 70% kwakaonekwa kuchienzaniswa neyakajairwa simbi zvikamu.Huremu hwakadzikiswa hunogona kubvumira ma turbines anoumbwa kuti aiswe munzvimbo dziri kure.Uye zvakare, kuungana kweaya akaumbwa zvimiro haadi zvewelding michina.Izvo zvikamu zvinodawo zvikamu zvishoma kuti zvisungirwe pamwe chete, sezvo chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chinogona kuitwa muchikamu chimwe kana zviviri.Pamagadzirirwo madiki ekugadzira anoteedzerwa muchidzidzo ichi, mutengo wezviumbwa nezvimwe zvekushandisa zvinotonga mutengo wechikamu.
Matinji madiki anoratidzwa pano anoratidza kuti zvingaite marii kutanga kumwe kutsvagisa mune izvi zvinhu.Tsvagiridzo iyi inogona kugadzirisa kukukurwa kwecavitation uye kuchengetedzwa kweUV kwezvikamu mushure mekuiswa.Zvingave zvichibvira kushandisa elastomer kana ceramic coatings kuderedza cavitation kana kuona kuti turbine inomhanya mukuyerera uye misoro yemusoro inodzivirira cavitation kuti irege kuitika.Zvichave zvakakosha kuti uedze uye ugadzirise nyaya idzi uye nezvimwe kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mauniti anogona kuwana kuvimbika kwakafanana kune ma turbines esimbi, kunyanya kana achizoiswa munzvimbo dzinenge dzisiri dzekugadzirisa.
Kunyangwe pazvidiki izvi zvinomhanya, zvimwe zvinoumbwa zvinoumba zvinogona kudhura nekuda kwekudzikira kwebasa rinodiwa pakugadzira.Semuyenzaniso, mupumburu wekesi ye2-MW Francis unit ingangoita madhora makumi masere 000 kuti isimbiswe kubva musimbi zvichienzaniswa nemadhora makumi maviri nemashanu e000 yekugadzira mubatanidzwa.Nekudaro, tichifunga yakabudirira dhizaini yeanomhanya turbine, mutengo wekuumba iyo composite vamhanyi inopfuura yakaenzana simbi zvikamu.Iyo 2-MW mumhanyi ingangoita $23,000 kugadzira kubva musimbi, zvichienzaniswa nemadhora zviuru makumi maviri nenomwe kubva mumubatanidzwa.Mari inogona kusiyana nemuchina.Uye mutengo wezvikamu zvakaumbwa waizodonha zvakanyanya pakukwira kwekugadzirwa kwepamusoro kana molds inogona kushandiswa zvakare.
Vatsvakurudzi vakatoongorora kuvakwa kwevatambi ve turbine kubva kune zvakasanganiswa zvinhu.8 Zvisinei, chidzidzo ichi hachina kugadzirisa cavitation erosion uye kukwanisa kwekuvaka.Danho rinotevera rematurbines anoumbwa kugadzira nekuvaka chiyero chinozotendera humbowo hwekugoneka uye hupfumi hwekugadzira.Iyi yuniti inogona kuedzwa kuti ione kushanda nesimba uye kushanda, pamwe nenzira dzekudzivirira yakawandisa cavitation erosion.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-15-2022
