China inyika ichiri kusimukira ine vanhu vakawanda uye ine marasha anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Kuzadzisa chinangwa che “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” (pano parikunzi “dual carbon” chinangwa) sezvakarongwa, mabasa akaomarara nematambudziko haasati amboitika.” Nzira yekurwa sei nehondo iyi yakaoma, kukunda muedzo mukuru uyu, uye kuona kukura kwegirinhi uye kuderera kwekabhoni, kuchine nyaya dzakawanda dzinokosha dzinoda kujekeswa, imwe yacho inzira yekunzwisisa madiki emagetsi enyika yangu.
Saka, kuzadzikiswa kwechinangwa che "dual-carbon" chemagetsi madiki emvura isarudzo inogoneka? Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwesimba remagetsi diki rakakura here kana kuti rakaipa? Matambudziko ezvimwe zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi i“ngwavaira yezvakatipoteredza” isingagadzirisiki here? Ko simba remagetsi diki renyika yangu “rakashandiswa zvakanyanya”? Iyi mibvunzo inoda nekukurumidza kufunga nemhinduro kwesainzi uye zvine musoro.
Kusimbaradza simba rinodzokororwa nesimba uye nekukasira kuvakwa kwesimba idzva remagetsi rinoenderana nechikamu chepamusoro chesimba rinodzokororwa ndiko kubvumirana uye chiito cheshanduko yesimba repasi rose iripo, uye isarudzo yehungwaru yekuti nyika yangu izadzise chinangwa che "dual carbon".
Munyori Mukuru Xi Jinping akati pamusangano weClimate Ambition Summit uye ichangoburwa Leaders Climate Summit pakupera kwegore rapfuura: "Simba-fossil simba richaita 25% yesimba rekutanga rekushandisa muna 2030, uye huwandu hwakaiswa hwesimba remhepo nesolar huchasvika anopfuura bhiriyoni 1.2 kilowatts. "China ichadzora mapurojekiti emagetsi emalahle."
Kuita izvi uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kuvimbika kwemagetsi emagetsi panguva imwe chete, ingave nyika yangu hydropower zviwanikwa zvinogona kugadzirwa zvizere uye kukudziridzwa kutanga kunoita basa rakakosha. Zvikonzero ndezvizvi:
Yekutanga ndeyekusangana nezvinodiwa zve25% yeasina-fossil simba masosi muna 2030, uye hydropower inokosha. Zvinoenderana nefungidziro yeindasitiri, muna 2030, nyika yangu isiri-fossil simba rekugadzira simba rinofanira kusvika kudarika 4.6 trillion kilowatt-maawa pagore. Panguva iyoyo, simba remhepo uye simba rezuva rakaiswa simba rinozounganidza 1.2 bhiriyoni kilowatts, pamwe neiyo iripo hydropower, simba renyukireya uye mamwe asiri-fossil simba rekugadzira. Pane gap remagetsi rinenge 1 trillion kilowatt-maawa. Muchokwadi, simba rekugadzira magetsi ezviwanikwa zvehydropower zvinogona kuvandudzwa munyika yangu zvakakwira se3 trillion kilowatt-maawa pagore. Ikozvino nhanho yekusimudzira iri pasi pe44% (yakaenzana nekurasikirwa kwe1.7 trillion kilowatt-maawa ekugadzira magetsi pagore). Kana ichikwanisa kusvika paavhareji yemazuva ano yenyika dzakabudirira Kusvika ku80% yehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura inogona kuwedzera 1.1 trillion kilowatt-maawa emagetsi gore negore, iyo isingazadzi gaka remagetsi chete, asiwo inowedzera zvikuru simba redu rekuchengetedza mvura yakadai semafashamo ekudzivirira uye kusanaya kwemvura, mvura uye kudiridza. Nekuti simba remvura uye kuchengetedza mvura hazviparadzaniswe zvachose, kugona kutonga nekudzora zviwanikwa zvemvura kwakadzikira kuti nyika yangu isare kumashure kwenyika dzakabudirira muEurope neAmerica.
Chechipiri ndechekugadzirisa dambudziko rekusagadzikana kwesimba remhepo uye simba rezuva, uye hydropower zvakare haiparadzaniswe. Muna 2030, chikamu chesimba remhepo rakaiswa uye simba rezuva mugedhi remagetsi richawedzera kubva pasi pe25% kusvika pa40%. Simba reMhepo uye simba rezuva ese ari maviri anopindirana ekugadzira magetsi, uye iyo yakakwira chikamu, inokwira iyo inodiwa yekuchengetedza simba regidhi. Pakati pese ikozvino nzira dzekuchengetedza simba, kuchengetedza kwepombi, iyo ine nhoroondo yemakore anopfuura zana, ndiyo teknolojia yakakura kwazvo, sarudzo yakanakisisa yehupfumi, uye mukana wekukura kukuru. Kubva pakupera kwa2019, 93.4% yemapurojekiti epasirese ekuchengetedza simba anopombi, uye 50% yesimba rakaiswa rekuchengetedza pombi rakaiswa munyika dzakabudirira muEurope neAmerica. Kushandisa "kukura kwakazara kwesimba remvura" se "bhatiri repamusoro" pakukura kukuru kwesimba remhepo uye simba rezuva uye kurishandura kuva simba rakagadzikana uye rinodzoreka repamusoro-soro chiitiko chakakosha chevatungamiri vemazuva ano epasi rose ekuderedza carbon emission. Parizvino, nyika yangu yakaiswa pumped storage capacity accounts chete 1.43% yegridi, chinova chikanganiso chikuru chinotadzisa kuzadzikiswa kwe "dual carbon" chinangwa.
Diki remagetsi anoverengera chikamu chimwe chete muzvishanu chenyika yangu yese inogadzirika hydropower zviwanikwa (zvakaenzana nenhanhatu dzeThree Gorges magetsi). Kwete chete kugadzirwa kwayo kwemagetsi uye mipiro yekudzikisa kuburitsa haigone kufuratirwa, asi zvinonyanya kukosha, akawanda madiki emagetsi emagetsi akaparadzirwa munyika yose Inogona kushandurwa kuita pombi-yekuchengetera magetsi chiteshi uye kuve yakakosha tsigiro ye "simba idzva remagetsi rinoenderana kune yakakwira chikamu chesimba remhepo nesimba rezuva mugridi."
Zvakadaro, simba remagetsi renyika yangu diki rasangana nekukanganisa kwe "saizi imwe inokodzera kuparadzwa kwese" mune dzimwe nzvimbo apo simba rekushandisa harisati ragadzirwa zvizere. Nyika dzakabudirira, idzo dzakasimukira zvikuru kupfuura dzedu, dzichiri kutatarika kushandisa simba remagetsi madiki emvura. Semuenzaniso, muna Kubvumbi 2021, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weUnited States, Harris, akataura pachena: "Hondo yapfuura yaive yekurwira oiri, uye hondo yakatevera yaive yekurwira mvura. Biden's infrastructure bill ichatarisa nezvekuchengetedza mvura, izvo zvinounza basa. Zvinoenderanawo nezviwanikwa zvatinovimba nazvo kuti tiwane raramo. Kuisa mari mu "ichi chinhu chakakosha" mvura yenyika yeUnited States inosimbisa simba renyika. Switzerland, uko kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura kunosvika 97%, ichaita zvese zvinogoneka kuti ishandise zvisinei nekukura kwerwizi kana kureba kwekudonha. , Nekuvaka tunnels refu uye mapaipi mumakomo, zviwanikwa zvehydropower zvakapararira mumakomo nehova zvichaiswa mumadhamu uye zvozoshandiswa zvizere.
Mumakore achangopfuura, magetsi madiki emvura akashoropodzwa sehonzeri huru ye "kukuvadza ecology". Vamwe vanhu vakatokurudzira kuti "zviteshi zvidiki zvese zvemagetsi zviri pamikoto yeRwizi rweYangtze zviputswe." Kupikisa diki simba remvura rinoita se "fashoni."
Zvisinei nemabhenefiti maviri makuru ezve ecology emagetsi madiki emvura kuderedzwa kwekabhoni yenyika yangu uye "kutsiviwa kwehuni nemagetsi" kumaruwa, kune mashoma mashoma epfungwa pfungwa dzisingafanirwe kuve dzisina kujeka kana zvasvika kune ecological kuchengetedzwa kwenzizi izvo zvinofungwa neveruzhinji zvine hanya nazvo. Zviri nyore kupinda mu "ecological ignorance" -bata kuparadzwa se "dziviriro" uye kudzokera shure se "budiriro".
Imwe ndeyokuti rwizi runoyerera nomuzvarirwo uye rusina zvipingamupinyi chipi nechipi hachisati chiri chikomborero asi ngwavaira nokuda kworudzi rwomunhu. Vanhu vanorarama nemvura uye vanorega nzizi dziyerera zvakasununguka, izvo zvakangofanana nokurega mafashamo achifashukira zvakasununguka munguva dzemvura yakakwirira, uye kurega nzizi dzichioma zvakasununguka munguva dzemvura shoma. Ndizvo chaizvo nokuti nhamba yezviitiko uye kufa kwemafashamo uye kusanaya kwemvura ndiyo yakakwirira pakati pematambudziko ose echisikigo, kutonga kwemafashamo enzizi kwagara kuchionekwa sechinhu chikuru chekutonga muChina nekune dzimwe nyika. Damping uye tekinoroji yemagetsi emagetsi yakaita kusvetuka kwepamusoro mukukwanisa kudzora mafashama enzizi. Kufashamira kwenzizi nemafashamo zvave zvichionekwa sesimba risingadzivisiki rinoparadza kubva panguva dzekare, uye dzave kutonga kwevanhu. , Shandisa simba uye uite kuti ribatsire munharaunda (kudiridza minda, kuwana simba, nezvimwewo). Naizvozvo, kuvaka madhamu uye kuvhara mvura yekugadzira minda ndiko kufambira mberi kwebudiriro yevanhu, uye kubviswa kwemadhamu ese kunobvumira vanhu kuti vadzokere kuhutsinye hwe “kuvimba nedenga kuti vawane chikafu, kusiya basa, uye kungonamatira kune zvisikwa”.
Chechipiri, yakanaka ecology nharaunda yenyika dzakasimukira nematunhu zvakanyanya kukonzerwa nekuvakwa kwemadhamu enzizi uye kuzara kwesimba remvura. Parizvino, kunze kwekuvaka madhamu nemadhamu, vanhu havana imwe nzira yokugadzirisa nayo kupesana kwekugovewa kusina kuenzana kwezviwanikwa zvemvura yemusikirwo munguva nenzvimbo. Kugona kudzora nekudzora zviwanikwa zvemvura zvakaratidzwa nedhigirii rekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura uye per capita yekuchengetedza huwandu haupo pasi rese. Mutsetse ", pane zvinopesana, iwo akakwira zviri nani." Nyika dzakasimukira muEurope neUnited States dzakapedza kugadzirwa kwemvura yerwizi kubva pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, uye avhareji yavo hydropower danho uye per capita simba rekuchengetedza zvakapetwa kaviri nekashanu kupfuura iyo yenyika yangu, zvichiteerana. Chiyero che cascade hydropower development chakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura cheDanube, Rhine, Columbia, Mississippi, Tennessee nedzimwe nzizi huru dzeEurope neAmerica dzeRwizi rweYangtze, idzo dzese dzakanaka, dzakabudirira mune zvehupfumi, uye nzvimbo dzinowirirana nevanhu nemvura.
Chechitatu kushaya mvura nemvura uye kuvhiringwa kwezvikamu zvenzizi zvichikonzerwa nekutsauswa kwemagetsi madiki emvura, uko kusiri kutungamira zvakanaka kwete kukanganisa kwazvinoita. Diversion hydropower station imhando yetekinoroji yekushandiswa kwakanyanya kwesimba remvura iro rakapararira kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. Nekuda kwekutanga kuvakwa kweimwe diversion-mhando madiki emagetsi emagetsi mapurojekiti munyika yangu, kuronga uye dhizaini zvaive zvisiri zvesainzi zvakakwana. Panguva iyoyo, pakanga pasina ruzivo uye nzira dzekutarisira kuti ive nechokwadi che "ecological flow", izvo zvakaita kuti mvura iwedzere kushandiswa kwekugadzira magetsi uye chikamu cherwizi pakati pemiti nemadhamu (kunyanya makiromita akati wandei pakureba). Chiitiko chekupera kwemvura uye kuoma kwenzizi mune mamwe makumi emakiromita) yakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nemaonero everuzhinji. Pasina kupokana, kupera mvura uye kuoma-kuyerera hakuna kunaka kune ecology yerwizi, asi kugadzirisa dambudziko, hatigone kurova bhodhi, kukonzera uye kukanganisa kusawirirana, uye kuisa ngoro pamberi pebhiza. Zvinhu zviviri zvinofanira kujekeswa: Chekutanga, mamiriro enzvimbo yenyika yangu anoratidza kuti nzizi dzakawanda ndedzemwaka. Kunyangwe pasina chiteshi chemagetsi emvura, chiteshi cherwizi chinopera mvura uye chikaoma munguva yekuoma (ichi ndicho chikonzero nei China yekare neyemazuva ano uye nyika dzekunze dzakakoshesa kuvakwa kwekuchengetedza mvura uye kuunganidzwa kwekuwanda nekuoma). Mvura haisvibise mvura, uye kupera kwemvura uye kucheka kunokonzerwa neimwe diversion-mhando diki hydropower inogona kugadziriswa zvachose kuburikidza neshanduko yetekinoroji uye kusimbiswa kwekutarisa. Mumakore maviri apfuura, diversion-mhando yemagetsi madiki emvura yakapedzisa shanduko yehunyanzvi ye "24-awa inoramba ichiburitsa yeecological kuyerera", uye yakamisa yakasimba chaiyo-nguva yepamhepo yekutarisa system uye yekutarisa chikuva.
Naizvozvo, pane kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kunzwisisa kukosha kwakakosha kwesimba remagetsi madiki kune kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwenzizi diki nepakati: haingovimbisi chete kuyerera kwezvisikwa zverwizi rwepakutanga, asi zvakare inoderedza njodzi dzemafashamo emvura, uye zvakare inosangana nezvinodiwa zvehupenyu zvekupa mvura nekudiridza. Parizvino, magetsi madiki emvura anogona chete kugadzira magetsi kana paine mvura yakawandisa mushure mekuona kuyerera kwemvura yerwizi. Imhaka yekuti kuvepo kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoita kuti materu ekutanga akwire zvakanyanya uye zvakaoma kuchengeta mvura kunze kwemwaka wekunaya kwemvura. Pane kudaro, inotsikwa. Ivhu rinochengeta mvura uye rinovandudza zvakanyanya ecology. Mamiriro emagetsi madiki emagetsi inzvimbo yakakosha yakakosha pakuona kuti misha nemataundi madiki nepakati nepakati nepakati uye kutonga nekudzora zviwanikwa zvemvura zvenzizi diki nepakati. Nekuda kwedambudziko rekutadza kutungamira zvakanaka kwezvimwe zviteshi zvemagetsi, magetsi madiki ese emvura anoputswa nechisimba, izvo zvine mubvunzo.
Hurumende yepakati yakaratidza pachena kuti kukwira kwekabhoni uye kusarerekera kabhoni kunofanirwa kuverengerwa muhurongwa hwese hwekuvakwa kwebudiriro yezvipenyu. Munguva ye "14th Five-Year Plan" nguva, budiriro yenyika yangu yeecology inotarisana nekudzikisa kabhoni seyakakosha nzira. Isu tinofanirwa kutevedzera tisingazungunuke nzira yemhando yepamusoro budiriro ine ecological pamberi, yakasvibira uye yakaderera-kabhoni. Ecological kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kusimukira kwehupfumi zvakabatana uye zvinopindirana.
Hurumende dzematunhu dzinofanira kunyatsonzwisisa uye kunyatsoita mitemo uye zvinodiwa nehurumende yepakati. Fujian Xiadang Diki Hydropower yakaita dudziro yakanaka yeizvi.
Xiadang Township muNingde, Fujian yaimbove taundi rakashata uye "Mashanu Hapana Mataundi" (hapana migwagwa, hapana mvura yemupombi, hapana mwenje, pasina mari, hapana nzvimbo yehofisi yehurumende) kumabvazuva kweFujian. Kushandisa mvura yomunzvimbomo kuvaka chiteshi chemagetsi “kwakaenzana nokubata huku inogona kukandira mazai. Muna 1989, apo mari yeko yainge yanyanya kunetsa, Komiti yeNingde Prefectural yakagovera 400,000 yuan kuvaka diki simba remvura. Kubva ipapo, bato rezasi rakaonekana nenhoroondo ye bamboo strips uye pine resin mwenje. Kudiridza kwemaeka anopfuura zviuru zviviri eminda yekurima kwakagadziriswawo, uye vanhu vatanga kufungisisa nezvenzira yekupfuma, vachiumba mbiru mbiri dzemaindasitiri etii nekushanya. Nekuvandudzwa kwemararamiro evanhu uye kudiwa kwemagetsi, Xiadang Diki Hydropower Kambani yakaita kusimudzira nekusimudzira nekushandura kakawanda. Iyi chiteshi chemagetsi chemhando ye "kukuvadza rwizi uye kutenderedza mvura yekugadzira nzvimbo" ikozvino yave kuramba ichiburitswa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Kuyerera kwezvakatipoteredza kunovimbisa kuti nzizi dzezasi dzakajeka uye dzakatsetseka, zvichiratidza mufananidzo wakanaka wekupedza urombo, kumutsiridza kumaruwa, uye girinhi uye yakaderera-kabhoni kusimukira. Kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi madiki emagetsi ekufambisa hupfumi hwebato rimwe, kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, uye kubatsira vanhu vebato rimwe chete ndiko kuratidzwa kwemagetsi madiki emagetsi munzvimbo zhinji dzekumaruwa nedzekure dzenyika yedu.
Nekudaro, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, "kubviswa kwemagetsi madiki emagetsi mukati mebhodhi" uye "kukurumidza kubviswa kwesimba remagetsi madiki" kunoonekwa se "kudzoreredza ecology uye kuchengetedza ecology". Iyi tsika yakakonzera kukanganisa kwakakomba pakuvandudza hupfumi uye hupfumi hwevanhu, uye kutarisisa kwekukurumidzira kunodiwa uye kugadzirisa kunofanira kuitwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. semuyenzaniso:
Chekutanga ndechekuviga njodzi huru dzekuchengetedza kuchengetedza hupenyu nemidziyo yevanhu veko. Inoda kusvika 90% yekutadza kwedhamu pasi rose kunoitika mumadhamu edhamu asina zviteshi zvemagetsi. Tsika yekuchengeta dhamu redhamu asi kuputsa chikamu chemagetsi emvura inotyora sainzi uye zvakangofanana nekurasikirwa nevimbiso yekuchengeteka inonyatsoshanda maererano nehunyanzvi uye kutonga kwekuchengetedza dhamu zuva nezuva.
Chechipiri, matunhu akatowana peak yemagetsi kabhoni anofanirwa kuwedzera simba remarasha kuti agadzirise kushomeka. Hurumende inoda kuti matunhu ane zvimiro atungamire mukuzadzikisa chinangwa chekusvika panhongonya. Kubviswa kwesimba remagetsi madiki pabhodhi kuchawedzera kupihwa kwemarasha nemagetsi munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ezviwanikwa zvisina kunaka, zvikasadaro pachava nemukaha mukuru, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzingatotambura nekushomeka kwemagetsi.
Yechitatu ndeyekukuvadza zvakanyanya nzvimbo dzechisikigo uye manyoro uye kuderedza kudzivirira njodzi uye kuderedza kugona munzvimbo dzemakomo. Nekubviswa kwesimba remagetsi madiki, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinoyevedza, nzvimbo dzemanyoro, mabhishi nedzimwe nzvimbo dzisingawanzo shiri dzinoenderana nenzvimbo yedhamu hadzichavepo. Pasina kupera simba kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, hazvibviri kuderedza kukoromoka uye kuputika kwemipata yemakomo nenzizi, uye njodzi dze geological dzakadai semavhu uye madhaka emvura achawedzerawo.
Chechina, kukwereta nekubvisa zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinogona kukonzera njodzi dzemari uye kukanganisa kugadzikana kwevanhu. Kubviswa kwemagetsi madiki emvura kunoda mari yakawanda yemuripo, izvo zvinozoisa matunhu mazhinji ehurombo ayo achangobva kubvisa heti pazvikwereti zvakakura. Kana muripo wacho usiri munzvimbo nenguva, zvinotungamira kune kusakwana kwechikwereti. Parizvino, kwave nekukakavadzana kwevanhu uye zviitiko zvekuchengetedzwa kwekodzero mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Hydropower haisi simba rakachena chete rinozivikanwa nenharaunda yepasi rose, asiwo ine hurongwa hwemvura yemvura uye basa rekutonga risingagoni kutsiviwa nemamwe mapurojekiti. Nyika dzakabudirira muEurope neUnited States hadzina kumbobvira dzapinda “munguva yekuputswa kwemadhamu”. Kusiyana neizvi, imhaka yekuti mwero wekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura uye pamunhu wega wega wekuchengetedza huwandu hwakanyanya kupfuura hwenyika yedu. Kurudzira shanduko ye "100% renewable energy muna 2050" nemutengo wakaderera uye kugona kwakanyanya.
Mumakore gumi apfuura kana kupfuura, nekuda kwekutsauswa kwe "demonization of hydropower," manzwisisiro evanhu vakawanda pamusoro pemagetsi emvura yakaramba iri pamwero wakaderera. Mamwe mapurojekiti makuru emagetsi ane chekuita nehupfumi hwenyika uye mararamiro evanhu akamiswa kana kupererwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nyika yangu ikozvino yekudzora zviwanikwa zvemvura inongori chikamu chimwe chete chezvishanu cheavhareji nhanho yenyika dzakasimukira, uye huwandu hwemvura hunowanikwa nemunhu wese hwagara huri mu "kushaikwa kwemvura kwakanyanyisa" maererano nemitemo yenyika, uye Yangtze River Basin iri kutarisana nekutonga kwakanyanya kwemafashamo uye kurwisana kwemafashamo anenge gore negore. pressure. Kana kupindira kwe "demonization of hydropower" kusina kubviswa, zvichange zvakatonyanya kuoma kwatiri kuita "dual carbon" chinangwa nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemupiro kubva kumagetsi.
Kungave kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwemvura yenyika uye kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu, kana kuzadzisa chisungo chenyika yangu kune chinangwa chepasi rose che "dual-carbon", kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura hakuchanonoke. Izvo zvakakosha kuchenesa uye kugadzirisa iyo diki hydropower indasitiri, asi haigone kuwandisa uye kukanganisa mamiriro ese, uye haigone kuitwa mhiri kwebhodhi, ndoda kumisa kunotevera kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi madiki ane simba rekushandisa. Pane kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kudzokera kuhungwaru hwesayenzi, kubatanidza kubvumirana kwavanhu, kudzivisa kutsauka nenzira dzisina kururama, uye kubhadhara mari isingakoshi yenzanga.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-14-2021
