Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob ntawm Tebchaws Meskas (EIA) nyuam qhuav tshaj tawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm hais tias txij li lub caij ntuj sov xyoo no, huab cua qhuav heev tau kis thoob plaws Tebchaws Meskas, ua rau kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub tebchaws poob qis rau ntau lub hlis sib law liag. Muaj hluav taws xob tsis txaus hauv lub xeev, thiab lub network hauv cheeb tsam raug kev nyuaj siab heev.
Kev tsim hluav taws xob hydroelectric poob qis rau lub hlis
EIA tau taw qhia tias huab cua qhuav heev thiab tsis zoo li qub tau cuam tshuam rau feem ntau ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntau lub xeev hauv Pacific Northwest. Cov xeev no yog qhov chaw uas feem ntau ntawm cov peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob hauv Tebchaws Meskas nyob. Nws xav tias qhov no yuav ua rau kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv Tebchaws Meskas poob qis txhua xyoo. 14%.
Nws nkag siab tias nyob rau hauv tsib lub xeev ntawm Washington, Idaho, Vermont, Oregon thiab South Dakota, tsawg kawg yog ib nrab ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv txhua lub xeev los ntawm hydropower. Thaum Lub Yim Hli xyoo tas los, California, uas muaj 13% ntawm Tebchaws Meskas lub peev xwm hydropower, raug yuam kom kaw Edward Hyatt hydropower chaw nres tsheb tom qab qib dej ntawm Lake Oroville poob qis tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm. Ntau txhiab tsev neeg muab hluav taws xob txaus. Txij li Lub Kaum Ib Hlis xyoo tas los, California lub peev xwm hydropower tau poob qis tshaj plaws hauv 10 xyoo.
Lub pas dej Hoover, qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb hauv cov xeev sab hnub poob, tau teeb tsa qib dej qis tshaj plaws txij li thaum nws ua tiav lub caij ntuj sov no, thiab nws cov hluav taws xob tau poob qis 25% txog rau tam sim no xyoo no.
Ntxiv mus, qib dej ntawm Lake Powell ntawm ciam teb ntawm Arizona thiab Utah kuj tseem poob qis. EIA kwv yees tias qhov no yuav ua rau muaj 3% feem pua uas Glen Canyon Dam yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob rau xyoo tom ntej, thiab muaj 34% feem pua uas nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob rau xyoo 2023.Lub siab ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam nce siab heev
Qhov kev poob qis sai sai ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv dej tau muab kev nyuaj siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam Asmeskas. Lub kaw lus hluav taws xob hauv Asmeskas tam sim no feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm peb lub zog hluav taws xob loj ua ke hauv sab hnub tuaj, sab hnub poob, thiab sab qab teb Texas. Peb lub zog hluav taws xob ua ke no tsuas yog txuas nrog ob peb txoj kab DC uas muaj peev xwm tsawg, suav txog 73% thiab 19% ntawm cov hluav taws xob muag hauv Tebchaws Meskas, raws li. Thiab 8%.
Ntawm lawv, lub zog fais fab sab hnub tuaj nyob ze rau thaj chaw muab cov thee thiab roj loj hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thiab feem ntau siv cov thee thiab roj av rau kev tsim hluav taws xob; lub zog fais fab sab hnub poob nyob ze rau cov roob thiab cov dej ntws hauv Colorado, thiab faib nrog cov roob pob zeb thiab lwm cov roob uas muaj av zoo, feem ntau yog hydropower. Lub ntsiab; lub zog fais fab sab qab teb Texas nyob hauv shale gas basin, thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob roj av yog qhov tseem ceeb, tsim kom muaj lub zog fais fab me me ywj pheej hauv thaj chaw.
Xov xwm Asmeskas CNBC tau taw qhia tias lub zog fais fab sab hnub poob, uas feem ntau vam khom rau hydropower, tau ua rau nws cov haujlwm ntau ntxiv. Qee cov kws tshaj lij tau taw qhia tias Western Power Grid yuav tsum tau ntsib yav tom ntej ntawm kev poob qis ntawm hydropower.
Cov ntaub ntawv EIA qhia tau tias hydropower yog qib thib tsib hauv Tebchaws Meskas cov qauv fais fab, thiab nws feem tau poob qis los ntawm 7.25% xyoo tas los mus rau 6.85%. Hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo no, kev tsim hluav taws xob hydroelectric hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau poob qis 12.6% xyoo-rau-xyoo.
Lub zog dej tseem ceeb heev
"Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws uas peb ntsib yog nrhiav ib qho chaw tsim nyog lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov peev txheej los muab lub zog thiab lub peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob sib npaug rau hydropower." Tus neeg hais lus ntawm California Energy Commission Lindsay Buckley tau hais tias, "Raws li kev hloov pauv huab cua ua rau muaj huab cua hnyav dua. Nrog rau kev nce zaus, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv grid yuav tsum ua kom nrawm dua los hloov kho rau qhov kev hloov pauv loj heev ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob hydroelectric."
EIA tau taw qhia tias lub zog fais fab (hydropower) yog lub zog uas hloov tau yooj yim nrog kev taug qab thiab kev tswj hwm lub zog muaj zog, thiab tuaj yeem qhib thiab kaw tau yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo nrog cua thiab lub zog cua tsis tu ncua. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, lub zog fais fab (hydropower) tuaj yeem txo qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub network. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub zog fais fab (hydropower) tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau Tebchaws Meskas.
Severin Borenstein, tus kws tshaj lij txog lub zog rov ua dua tshiab ntawm University of California hauv Berkeley thiab yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm California cov neeg ua haujlwm ywj pheej ntawm lub zog fais fab, tau hais tias: "Lub zog dej yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho lub zog fais fab kev koom tes ua haujlwm, thiab nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb heev."
Muaj kev tshaj tawm tias tam sim no, qhov kev poob qis ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm dej tau yuam cov tuam txhab siv hluav taws xob rau pej xeem thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv ntau lub xeev sab hnub poob ntawm Tebchaws Meskas kom nrhiav lwm qhov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, xws li roj av, hluav taws xob nuclear, thiab cua thiab hnub ci. "Qhov no ua rau cov nqi khiav lag luam siab dua rau cov chaw muab hluav taws xob." Nathalie Voisin, tus kws ua haujlwm dej hauv Los Angeles, tau hais ncaj qha. "Hydropower thaum chiv thawj ntseeg tau heev, tab sis qhov xwm txheej tam sim no yuam kom peb nrhiav kev daws teeb meem sai li sai tau."
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-22-2021
