Posachedwapa bungwe la US Energy Information Administration (EIA) latulutsa lipoti lonena kuti kuyambira chilimwe cha chaka chino, nyengo youma kwambiri yakhudza dziko la United States, zomwe zachititsa kuti kupanga magetsi m'madzi m'madera ambiri mdzikolo kuchepe kwa miyezi ingapo yotsatizana. Pali kusowa kwa magetsi m'boma, ndipo gridi yamagetsi yachigawo ili pansi pa mavuto akulu.
Kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kukuchepa kwa miyezi ingapo
EIA inanena kuti nyengo youma kwambiri komanso yachilendo yakhudza madera ambiri akumadzulo kwa United States, makamaka mayiko ambiri ku Pacific Northwest. Mayiko awa ndi komwe mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ku US zili. Akuyembekezeka kuti izi zipangitsa kuti kupanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi kuchepe chaka ndi chaka ku United States chaka chino. 14%.
Zikumveka kuti m'maboma asanu a Washington, Idaho, Vermont, Oregon ndi South Dakota, osachepera theka la magetsi m'boma lililonse amachokera ku magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi. Mu Ogasiti chaka chatha, California, yomwe ili ndi 13% ya mphamvu yamagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ku US, idakakamizidwa kutseka siteshoni yamagetsi ya Edward Hyatt pambuyo poti madzi a Nyanja ya Oroville atsika kwambiri. Mabanja zikwizikwi amapereka magetsi okwanira. Pofika mu Novembala chaka chatha, mphamvu yamagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ku California idatsika kufika pamlingo wotsika kwambiri kwa zaka 10.
Damu la Hoover, lomwe ndi gwero lalikulu la magetsi m'maiko akumadzulo, lakhazikitsa madzi otsika kwambiri kuyambira pomwe linamalizidwa chilimwe chino, ndipo kupanga magetsi ake kwatsika ndi 25% mpaka pano chaka chino.
Kuphatikiza apo, madzi a Nyanja ya Powell yomwe ili m'malire a Arizona ndi Utah akupitirirabe kutsika. EIA ikuneneratu kuti izi zipangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wa 3% kuti Damu la Glen Canyon silingathe kupanga magetsi nthawi ina chaka chamawa, komanso mwayi wa 34% kuti silingathe kupanga magetsi mu 2023.Kupanikizika kwa gridi yamagetsi yachigawo kukukwera kwambiri
Kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi kwaika mphamvu yaikulu pa ntchito ya gridi yamagetsi yachigawo cha US. Dongosolo la gridi la US lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito pano limapangidwa makamaka ndi ma gridi atatu akuluakulu ophatikizana kum'mawa, kumadzulo, ndi kum'mwera kwa Texas. Ma gridi atatu ophatikizana awa amalumikizidwa ndi mizere yochepa ya DC yokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa 73% ndi 19% ya magetsi omwe amagulitsidwa ku United States, motsatana. Ndipo 8%.
Pakati pawo, gridi yamagetsi yakum'mawa ili pafupi ndi madera akuluakulu operekera malasha ndi gasi ku United States, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri malasha ndi gasi wachilengedwe popanga magetsi; gridi yamagetsi yakumadzulo ili pafupi ndi mapiri ndi mitsinje ya Colorado, ndipo imagawidwa ndi mapiri amiyala ndi mapiri ena okhala ndi malo akuluakulu, makamaka magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi. Chachikulu; gridi yamagetsi yakumwera kwa Texas ili m'chigwa cha gasi cha shale, ndipo kupanga magetsi amagetsi achilengedwe ndi komwe kumayambitsa magetsi, ndikupanga gridi yamagetsi yaying'ono yodziyimira payokha m'chigawochi.
Nyuzipepala ya CNBC ku US yanena kuti gridi yamagetsi yakumadzulo, yomwe imadalira kwambiri magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, yawonjezera kwambiri ntchito zake. Akatswiri ena adanenanso kuti Western Power Grid ikufunika kuthana ndi tsogolo la kuchepa kwadzidzidzi kwa magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi.
Deta ya EIA ikuwonetsa kuti magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ali pa nambala 5 mu kapangidwe ka magetsi aku US, ndipo gawo lake latsika kuchoka pa 7.25% chaka chatha kufika pa 6.85%. Mu theka loyamba la chaka chino, kupanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ku United States kunatsika ndi 12.6% chaka ndi chaka.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi ikadali yofunika kwambiri
"Vuto lalikulu lomwe tikukumana nalo ndikupeza chuma choyenera kapena kuphatikiza zinthu zomwe zingapereke mphamvu ndi mphamvu zofanana ndi mphamvu ya madzi." Mneneri wa California Energy Commission Lindsay Buckley anati, "Popeza kusintha kwa nyengo kumabweretsa nyengo yoipa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nthawi, ogwira ntchito pa gridi ayenera kufulumira kuti azolowere kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi."
EIA inanena kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku madzi ndi mphamvu yosinthika yomwe imatha kutsatiridwa bwino komanso kuyendetsedwa bwino, ndipo imatha kuyatsidwa ndi kuzimitsidwa mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, imatha kugwira ntchito bwino ndi mphamvu yamphepo ndi mphepo nthawi ndi nthawi. Panthawiyi, mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku madzi imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri zovuta za ntchito za gridi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku madzi ikadali yofunika kwambiri ku United States.
Severin Borenstein, katswiri wa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso ku University of California ku Berkeley komanso membala wa bungwe la oyang'anira oyendetsa magetsi odziyimira pawokha ku California, anati: "Magetsi amagetsi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yonse yogwirizana ya makina onse amagetsi, ndipo udindo wake ndi wofunika kwambiri."
Akuti pakadali pano, kuchepa kwadzidzidzi kwa magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi kwapangitsa makampani opereka magetsi kwa anthu onse ndi ogwira ntchito m'maboma m'maiko ambiri akumadzulo kwa United States kufunafuna njira zina zopangira magetsi, monga mafuta opangidwa ndi mafuta, mphamvu ya nyukiliya, ndi mphamvu ya mphepo ndi dzuwa. "Izi mwachisawawa zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito zamagetsi zikhale zokwera." Nathalie Voisin, mainjiniya wa madzi ku Los Angeles, adatero moona mtima. "Magetsi amadzi poyamba anali odalirika kwambiri, koma momwe zinthu zilili pano zimatikakamiza kupeza yankho mwachangu momwe tingathere."
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-22-2021
