Njengoko sonke sisazi, iijenereyitha zinokwahlulwa zibe ziijenereyitha zeDC kunye neejenereyitha zeAC. Okwangoku, i-alternator isetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye kunjalo nejenereyitha yehydro. Kodwa kwiminyaka yokuqala, iijenereyitha zeDC zazithatha yonke imakethi, ngoko ke iijenereyitha zeAC zazithatha njani imakethi? Yintoni edibanisa iijenereyitha zehydro apha? Oku kumalunga nemfazwe ye-AC kunye ne-DC kunye nejenereyitha yehydro ye-5000hp yesikhululo samandla sase-Adams eNiagara Falls.
Ngaphambi kokuba siqalise i-Niagara Falls hydro generator, kufuneka siqale ngemfazwe ebaluleke kakhulu ye-AC/DC kwimbali yophuhliso lombane.
U-Edison ngumqambi odumileyo waseMelika. Wazalelwa ebuhlwempini kwaye wayengenamfundo yasesikolweni. Nangona kunjalo, wafumana amalungelo obunikazi obuyi-1300 ebomini bakhe ngokuthembela kubulumko bakhe obungaqhelekanga kunye nomoya wakhe wokulwa. Ngomhla wama-21 ku-Okthobha ngo-1879, wafaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi lobukrelekrele besibane se-carbon filament incandescent (No. 22898); Ngo-1882, waseka inkampani yezibane zombane ze-Edison ukuvelisa izibane ze-incandescent kunye neejenereyitha zazo ze-DC. Kuloo nyaka mnye, wakha isikhululo sokuqala samandla obushushu esikhulu emhlabeni eNew York. Wathengisa ngaphezulu kwe-200000 yeebhalbhu kwiminyaka emithathu waza walawula yonke imakethi. Iijenereyitha ze-DC zika-Edison nazo zithengiswa kakuhle kwilizwekazi laseMelika.
Ngo-1885, xa u-Edison wayesele efikelele kwincopho, i-American steinhouse yaqaphela kakhulu inkqubo yombane ye-AC eyayisandula ukuzalwa. Ngo-1885, iWestinghouse yathenga ilungelo lobunikazi kwinkqubo yokukhanyisa i-AC kunye ne-transformer eyayisetyenziswa nguGaulard noGibbs e-United States ngoFebruwari 6, 1884 (US Patent No. n0.297924). Ngo-1886, iWestinghouse kunye noStanley (W. Stanley, 1856-1927) baphumelela ekunyuseni i-AC yesigaba esinye ukuya kwi-3000V ene-transformer eGreat Barrington, eMassachusetts, e-USA, idlulisela i-4000ft, yaza yanciphisa i-voltage ukuya kwi-500V. Kungekudala, iWestinghouse yenza kwaye yathengisa iinkqubo ezininzi zokukhanyisa i-AC. Ngo-1888, iWestinghouse yathenga ilungelo lobunikazi likaTesla, "ingcali yombane", kwi-AC motor, yaza yaqesha uTesla ukuba asebenze eWestinghouse. Yayizimisele ukuphuhlisa i-AC motor kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-AC motor, kwaye yaphumelela. Ukuphumelela okulandelelanayo kweWestinghouse ekuphuhliseni umsinga otshintshayo kwatsala umona ka-Edison ongenakoyiswa nabanye. U-Edison, u-HP Brown nabanye bapapasha amanqaku kumaphephandaba nakwiijenali, basebenzisa ithuba loloyiko loluntu ngombane ngelo xesha, bapapasha ngenkani ingozi yomsinga otshintshayo, besithi "zonke izinto eziphilayo kufutshane nomqhubi womsinga otshintshayo azinakuphila" Ukuba akukho sidalwa siphilayo esinokuphila kwingozi yabaqhubi abaphethe ezinye iindlela zamandla. Kwinqaku lakhe, wahlasela ukusetyenziswa kwe-AC ezama ukukrwitsha i-AC ebuntwaneni bakhe. Ejongene nohlaselo luka-Edison nabanye, uWestinghouse nabanye babhala amanqaku okukhusela i-AC. Ngenxa yengxoxo, icala le-AC laphumelela kancinci kancinci. Icala le-DC lalingafuni ukulahlekelwa, u-HP Brown (xa wayengumncedisi webhubhoratri ka-Edison) Wakhuthaza kwaye waxhasa indibano karhulumente ukuba idlulise umyalelo wokuphunyezwa kwesigwebo sokufa nge-electrocution, kwaye ngoMeyi 1889, wathenga ii-alternators ezintathu ezenziwe yiWestinghouse waza wazithengisa entolongweni njengombane wesitulo se-electrocution. Emehlweni abantu abaninzi, umsinga otshintshayo ligama elifanayo nelithi uThixo wokufa. Kwangaxeshanye, iCongress yabantu kwicala lika-Edison yadala uluvo loluntu: “Isitulo sombane bubungqina bokuba umsinga otshintshayo wenza abantu bafe lula. Ukuphendula, uWestinghouse wabamba i-tit kwinkomfa yabezindaba. UTesla wazibopha ngokwakhe iingcingo emzimbeni wakhe wonke waza wazidibanisa nomtya weebhalbhu. Xa umsinga otshintshayo wawuvuliwe, isibane sombane sasikhanya, kodwa uTesla wayekhuselekile. Phantsi kwemeko embi yokusilela koluvo loluntu, icala le-DC lazama ukubulala umsinga otshintshayo ngokusemthethweni.
Ngentwasahlobo ka-890, amanye amalungu epalamente eVirginia acebise isindululo esithi “ukuthintela ingozi evela kwimisinga yombane” Ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli, ipalamente yaseka ijaji ukuba ibambe indibano. U-Edison noMorton, umphathi jikelele wenkampani, kunye no-LB Stillwell, injineli yaseWestinghouse (1863-1941) Kwaye igqwetha lokhuselo u-h. Levis laya kwindibano. Ukufika kuka-Edison odumileyo kwavala iholo yepalamente. U-Edison wathi ngendlela echukumisayo kwindibano: “umsinga othe ngqo ufana” nomlambo ohamba ngoxolo uye elwandle “, kwaye umsinga otshintshanayo ufana” nemisinga yeentaba ejikeleza amawa ngamandla ” (umsinga ohamba ngamandla phezu kwengxondorha)” UMorton naye wazama konke okusemandleni akhe ukuhlasela i-AC, kodwa ubungqina babo babungenamsebenzi kwaye abunangqondo, nto leyo eyenza abaphulaphuli kunye nabagwebi bawela enkungwini. Amangqina avela eWestinghouse kunye neenkampani ezininzi zokukhanya kombane aphikisa ingxoxo yokuba i-AC iyingozi kakhulu ngolwimi olufutshane nolucacileyo lobuchwephesha kunye nokusebenza kwezibane zombane ze-3000V abazisebenzisileyo kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, ijaji lidlulise isigqibo emva kwengxoxo Emva kokuba iVirginia, iOhio kunye namanye amazwe ekhanyele ngokukhawuleza iziphakamiso ezifanayo. Ukususela ngoko, i-AC iye yamkelwa kancinci kancinci ngabantu, kwaye iWestinghouse inodumo olukhulayo kwimfazwe yonxibelelwano (umzekelo, ngo-1893, yamkela isivumelwano se-odolo yeebhalbhu ezingama-250000 kwiChicago Fair) i-Edison Electric Light Company, eyayoyiswa kwimfazwe ye-AC / DC, yagxekwa kwaye ayizinzanga. Kwafuneka idibane nenkampani yaseThomson Houston ngo-1892 ukuze iseke inkampani yombane jikelele (GE). Kwangoko nje inkampani yasekwa, yashiya ingcamango ka-Edison yokuchasa uphuhliso lwezixhobo ze-AC, yazuza umsebenzi wokuvelisa izixhobo ze-AC zenkampani yokuqala yaseThomson Houston, kwaye yakhuthaza ngamandla uphuhliso lwezixhobo ze-AC.
Oku kungasentla yimfazwe ebalulekileyo phakathi kwe-AC kunye ne-DC kwimbali yophuhliso lweemoto. Ekugqibeleni impikiswano yagqiba kwelokuba ingozi ye-AC yayingeyongozi njengoko abaxhasi be-DC babetshilo. Emva kwesi sigqibo, i-alternator yaqala ukungenisa intwasahlobo yophuhliso, kwaye iimpawu zayo kunye neenzuzo zaqala ukuqondwa kwaye zamkelwe kancinci kancinci ngabantu. Oku kwenzeka kamva kwiNiagara Falls Phakathi kweejenereyitha zamanzi kwisikhululo samandla e-hydropower, i-alternator yinto ebalulekileyo yokuphumelela kwakhona.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-11-2021
