Kamar yadda muka sani, ana iya raba janareta zuwa janareta na DC da janareta na AC. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da alternator sosai, haka ma janareta na ruwa. Amma a farkon shekarun, janareta na DC sun mamaye kasuwa gaba daya, to ta yaya janareta na AC suka mamaye kasuwa? Menene alaƙar da ke tsakanin janareta na ruwa a nan? Wannan yana magana ne game da yaƙin AC da DC da janareta na ruwa mai ƙarfin 5000hp na tashar wutar lantarki ta Adams a Niagara Falls.
Kafin mu gabatar da janareta mai samar da wutar lantarki a Niagara Falls, dole ne mu fara da wani muhimmin yaƙin AC/DC a tarihin ci gaban wutar lantarki.
Edison sanannen mai ƙirƙira ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. An haife shi cikin talauci kuma bai yi karatun boko ba. Duk da haka, ya sami kusan haƙƙin mallaka 1300 na ƙirƙira a rayuwarsa ta hanyar dogaro da basirarsa mai ban mamaki da ruhin gwagwarmayarsa ta kashin kansa. A ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1879, ya nemi haƙƙin mallaka na ƙirƙirar fitilar incandescent carbon filament (Lambar 22898); A shekara ta 1882, ya kafa kamfanin fitilun lantarki na Edison don samar da fitilun incandescent da janareto DC ɗinsu. A wannan shekarar, ya gina babban kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na zafi na farko a duniya a New York. Ya sayar da kwararan fitila sama da 200,000 cikin shekaru uku kuma ya mamaye kasuwa gaba ɗaya. Injinan samar da wutar lantarki na Edison DC suma suna sayarwa sosai a nahiyar Amurka.
A shekara ta 1885, lokacin da Edison ya kai kololuwar aikinsa, kamfanin steinhouse na Amurka ya lura da sabuwar tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta AC. A shekara ta 1885, Westinghouse ta sayi takardar izinin mallakar tsarin hasken AC da kuma na'urar canza wutar lantarki da Gaulard da Gibbs suka yi amfani da ita a Amurka a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1884 (Lambar Haƙƙin mallaka ta Amurka n0.297924). A shekara ta 1886, Westinghouse da Stanley (W. Stanley, 1856-1927) sun yi nasarar haɓaka AC mai mataki ɗaya zuwa 3000V tare da na'urar canza wutar lantarki a Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Amurka, suna watsa ƙafa 4000, sannan su rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki zuwa 500V. Ba da daɗewa ba, Westinghouse ta yi kuma ta sayar da tsarin hasken AC da yawa. A shekara ta 1888, Westinghouse ta sayi takardar izinin mallakar Tesla, wani "ƙwararren mai gyaran wutar lantarki", akan motar AC, kuma ta ɗauki Tesla aiki don yin aiki a Westinghouse. Ta himmatu wajen haɓaka motar AC da haɓaka amfani da motar AC, kuma ta sami nasara. Nasarorin da Westinghouse ta samu a fannin samar da wutar lantarki mai canzawa sun jawo hankalin Edison da sauran mutane. Edison, HP brown da sauransu sun buga labarai a jaridu da mujallu, sun yi amfani da tsoron jama'a game da wutar lantarki a wancan lokacin, sun yi ta yada barazanar wutar lantarki mai sauyawa, suna da'awar cewa "dukkanin rayuwa kusa da mai sauyawar wutar lantarki ba zai iya rayuwa ba" Cewa babu wani mahaluki da zai iya rayuwa a cikin haɗarin masu sauyawar wutar lantarki da ke ɗauke da wutar lantarki. A cikin labarinsa, ya kai hari kan amfani da AC a yunƙurin shake AC a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa. Ganin harin Edison da wasu, Westinghouse da wasu kuma sun rubuta labarai don kare AC. Sakamakon muhawarar, bangaren AC ya yi nasara a hankali. Bangaren DC bai yarda ya sha kashi ba, HP Brown (lokacin da yake mataimakin dakin gwaje-gwaje na Edison). Ya kuma ƙarfafa kuma ya goyi bayan majalisar jihar da ta zartar da doka kan aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar kashe wutar lantarki, kuma a watan Mayu 1889, ya sayi masu sauyawa guda uku da Westinghouse ta samar ya sayar da su ga gidan yari a matsayin wutar lantarki ga kujerar kashe wutar lantarki. A idanun mutane da yawa, wutar lantarki mai sauyawa ita ce ma'anar Allahn mutuwa. A lokaci guda, Majalisar Jama'a a gefen Edison ta haifar da ra'ayin jama'a: "Kujerar lantarki ita ce shaida cewa wutar lantarki mai canzawa tana sa mutane su mutu cikin sauƙi. A martanin da ta bayar, Westinghouse ta yi wani babban taro na manema labarai. Tesla da kansa ya ɗaure wayoyin a jikinsa ya haɗa su da igiyar kwararan fitila. Lokacin da aka kunna wutar lantarki mai sauyawa, wutar lantarki ta yi haske, amma Tesla tana da lafiya. A ƙarƙashin mummunan yanayi na gazawar ra'ayin jama'a, ɓangaren DC ya yi ƙoƙarin kashe wutar lantarki mai sauyawa bisa doka.
A lokacin bazara na 890, wasu 'yan majalisa a Virginia sun gabatar da shawara kan "don hana haɗari daga kwararar wutar lantarki" A farkon watan Afrilu, majalisar ta kafa alkalai don gudanar da zaman sauraren ƙara. Edison da Morton, babban manajan kamfanin, da LB Stillwell, injiniyan Westinghouse (1863-1941) Kuma lauyan kare h. Levis sun halarci zaman sauraron ƙarar. Zuwan shahararren Edison ya toshe zauren majalisar. Edison ya ce cikin mamaki a zaman sauraron ƙarar: "kwarangwal kai tsaye kamar" kogi ne ke gudana cikin lumana zuwa teku ", kuma wutar da ke canzawa kamar" kogunan dutse suna binciken duwatsu da ƙarfi " (kogi yana gudu da ƙarfi a kan wani tudu)" Morton ya kuma yi iya ƙoƙarinsa don kai hari ga AC, amma shaidarsu ba ta da ma'ana kuma ba ta da gamsarwa, wanda ya sa masu sauraro da alkalai suka faɗa cikin hazo. Shaidun daga Westinghouse da kamfanonin hasken wutar lantarki da yawa sun musanta hujjar cewa AC tana da haɗari sosai tare da taƙaitaccen harshe na fasaha da kuma aikin hasken wutar lantarki na 3000V da suka yi amfani da shi sosai. A ƙarshe, alkalan sun zartar da wani kuduri bayan muhawara Bayan Virginia, Ohio da sauran Jihohi ba da daɗewa ba suka musanta irin wannan kuduri. Tun daga lokacin, jama'a sun karɓi AC a hankali, kuma Westinghouse tana da suna mai girma a yaƙin sadarwa (misali, a 1893, ta karɓi kwangilar oda don kwararan fitila 250,000 a bikin baje kolin Chicago) Kamfanin Hasken Wutar Lantarki na Edison, wanda aka kayar a yaƙin AC / DC, an yi watsi da shi kuma ba zai dawwama ba. Dole ne ya haɗu da kamfanin Thomson Houston a 1892 don kafa kamfanin wutar lantarki na gabaɗaya (GE). Da zarar an kafa kamfanin, ya yi watsi da ra'ayin Edison na adawa da haɓaka kayan aikin AC, ya gaji aikin ƙera kayan aikin AC na kamfanin Thomson Houston na asali, kuma ya ƙarfafa haɓaka kayan aikin AC sosai.
Wannan muhimmin yaƙi ne tsakanin AC da DC a tarihin haɓaka motoci. A ƙarshe takaddamar ta ƙare da cewa cutar AC ba ta da haɗari kamar yadda magoya bayan DC suka faɗa. Bayan wannan ƙudurin, mai canza wutar lantarki ya fara kawo ƙarshen bazarar ci gaba, kuma mutane suka fara fahimtar halaye da fa'idodinsa kuma suka amince da shi a hankali. Wannan kuma ya faru ne daga baya a Niagara Falls. Daga cikin masu samar da wutar lantarki a tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa, mai canza wutar lantarki wani abu ne da zai sake cin nasara.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-11-2021
