E mōhio ana tātou katoa, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā pūkaha hiko ki ngā pūkaha hiko DC me ngā pūkaha hiko AC. I tēnei wā, he whānui te whakamahinga o te alternator, me te pūkaha hiko wai hoki. Engari i ngā tau tōmua, i nohoia te mākete katoa e ngā pūkaha hiko DC, nō reira, me pēhea te nohoia o te mākete e ngā pūkaha hiko AC? He aha te hononga i waenga i ngā pūkaha hiko wai i konei? E pā ana tēnei ki te pakanga o te AC me te DC me te pūkaha hiko wai 5000hp o te teihana hiko Adams i Niagara Falls.
I mua i te whakaurunga o te mīhini whakaputa hiko wai o Niagara Falls, me tīmata tātou me tētahi pakanga AC/DC tino nui i roto i te hītori o te whanaketanga hiko.
He kaihanga rongonui a Edison nō Amerika. I whānau mai ia i roto i te rawakore, ā, kāore i eke ki te kura ōkawa. Heoi, tata ki te 1300 ngā mana pateni hanga i riro i a ia i roto i tōna oranga nā runga i tōna mohio whakamiharo me tōna wairua pakanga whaiaro. I te 21 o Oketopa, 1879, i tono ia mō te mana pateni hanga mō te rama mura waro (Nama 22898); I te tau 1882, i whakatūria e ia te kamupene rama hiko a Edison hei hanga rama mura me ā rātou whakaputa hiko DC. I taua tau anō, i hangaia e ia te tipu hiko wera nui tuatahi o te ao i New York. Neke atu i te 200,000 ngā pūangi i hokona e ia i roto i ngā tau e toru, ā, i riro i a ia te mākete katoa. He pai hoki te hoko o ngā whakaputa hiko DC a Edison i te whenua o Amerika.
I te tau 1885, i te wā i tino angitu ai a Edison, i tino aro nui a Steinhouse o Amerika ki te pūnaha tuku hiko AC hou. I te tau 1885, i hokona e Westinghouse te patent mō te pūnaha rama AC me te whakawhiti hiko i whakamahia e Gaulard rāua ko Gibbs i te United States i te 6 o Pēpuere, 1884 (US Patent No. n0.297924). I te tau 1886, i angitu a Westinghouse rāua ko Stanley (W. Stanley, 1856-1927) ki te whakanui ake i te AC kotahi-wāhanga ki te 3000V me te whakawhiti hiko i Great Barrington, Massachusetts, USA, e tuku ana i te 4000 putu, kātahi ka whakaiti i te ngaohiko ki te 500V. I muri tata mai, i hanga, i hokona hoki e Westinghouse ētahi pūnaha rama AC. I te tau 1888, i hokona e Westinghouse te patent a Tesla, he "tangata mohio ki te hiko", mō te motuka AC, ā, i utua a Tesla ki te mahi i Westinghouse. I whakapau kaha rātou ki te whakawhanake i te motuka AC me te whakatairanga i te whakamahinga o te motuka AC, ā, i angitu rātou. Nā ngā wikitoria o Westinghouse i te whakawhanake i te au hiko hurihuri i hae ai a Edison me ētahi atu. I whakaputa a Edison, HP Brown me ētahi atu i ngā tuhinga ki ngā niupepa me ngā hautaka, i whakamahi i te wehi o te marea mō te hiko i taua wā, i whakapuaki noa i te tūponotanga o te au hiko hurihuri, me te kī "kāore e ora ngā mea ora katoa e tata ana ki te kaiārahi au hiko hurihuri." Kāore he mea ora e ora i te tūponotanga o ngā kaiārahi e kawe ana i te au hiko hurihuri. I roto i tana tuhinga, i whakaekea e ia te whakamahinga o te AC hei ngana ki te whakamate i te AC i tōna tamarikitanga. I te aroaro o te whakaekenga a Edison me ētahi atu, i tuhi hoki a Westinghouse me ētahi atu i ngā tuhinga hei tiaki i te AC. Nā te tautohetohe, i toa haere te taha AC. Kāore te taha DC i pai ki te hinga, ā, i whakatenatena, i tautoko hoki a HP Brown (i a ia e mahi ana hei kaiawhina taiwhanga mō Edison) i te huihuinga ā-rohe kia paahitia he ture mō te whakatinanatanga o te whiu mate mā te hiko, ā, i te marama o Mei 1889, i hokona e ia ētahi atu kaiārahi e toru i hangaia e Westinghouse, ā, i hokona atu ki te whare herehere hei pūtake hiko mō te tūru hiko hurihuri. Ki te titiro a te tini tāngata, ko te au hiko hurihuri te kupu whakarite mō te Atua o te mate. I taua wā anō, i hangaia e te Runanga o te Iwi i te taha o Edison te whakaaro o te marea: "Ko te tūru hiko te tohu e ngāwari ai te mate o te tangata i te au hurihuri." Hei whakautu, i tū a Westinghouse i tētahi huihuinga pāpāho. Nā Tesla i here ngā waea puta noa i tōna tinana, ā, i hono atu ki tētahi aho o ngā pūangi. I te wā i tahurihia ai te au hurihuri, i kanapa te rama hiko, engari i ora a Tesla. I raro i te āhuatanga kino o te korenga o te whakaaro o te marea, i ngana te taha DC ki te whakamate ture i te au hurihuri.
I te puna o te tau 890, i whakaarohia e ētahi mema paremata o Virginia tētahi whakaaro mō "te ārai i te tūponotanga mai i ngā iahiko hiko". I te tīmatanga o Āperira, i whakatūria e te pāremata he hūri hei whakahaere i tētahi whakawakanga. I tae atu a Edison rāua ko Morton, te kaiwhakahaere matua o te kamupene, me LB Stillwell, te miihini o Westinghouse (1863-1941) me te rōia tiaki a H. Levis ki te whakawakanga. Nā te taenga mai o te Edison rongonui i ārai i te whare pāremata. I kī a Edison me te miharo i te whakawakanga: "he rite te iahiko tika ki" te awa e rere marie ana ki te moana ", ā, he rite te iahiko hurihuri ki "ngā awa maunga e keri ana i ngā pari e kaha ana" (he awa e tere haere ana i runga i te pari)" I ngana anō a Morton ki te whakaeke i a AC, engari he koretake, he koretake hoki ā rātou whakaaturanga, ā, i taka ai te hunga whakarongo me ngā kaiwhakawā ki roto i te kohu. I whakahē ngā kaiwhakaatu o Westinghouse me te maha o ngā kamupene rama hiko i te tautohe he tino morearea te AC me te reo hangarau poto me te mārama me te mahi rama hiko 3000V kua whakamahia whānuitia e rātou. Hei whakamutunga, i whakatau te hūri i tētahi whakataunga i muri i te tautohetohe. I muri tata mai i te whakakorenga a Virginia, Ohio me ētahi atu Kāwanatanga i ngā tono ōrite. Mai i taua wā, kua āta whakaaetia te AC e te iwi, ā, kua piki haere te rongonui o Westinghouse i roto i te pakanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero (hei tauira, i te tau 1893, i whakaaetia e ia he kirimana tono mō ngā pūangi 250,000 i te Chicago Fair). Ko te Kamupene Rama Hiko a Edison, i hinga i te pakanga AC/DC, i whakakorengia, ā, kāore i pumau. I honoa ki te kamupene Thomson Houston i te tau 1892 hei whakatū i te kamupene hiko whānui (GE). I te tīmatanga o te kamupene, ka whakarērea e ia te whakaaro o Edison ki te whakahē i te whanaketanga o ngā taputapu AC, ka riro mai i a ia te mahi hanga taputapu AC a te kamupene Thomson Houston taketake, ā, ka kaha te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o ngā taputapu AC.
Ko te pakanga nui i waenganui i te AC me te DC i roto i te hītori o te whanaketanga motuka te mea i kōrerotia i runga ake nei. Nā te tautohetohe i whakatau ko te kino o te AC kāore i te tino mōrearea pērā i ngā kōrero a ngā kaitautoko o te DC. Whai muri i tēnei whakataunga, ka tīmata te alternator ki te whakauru i te puna o te whanaketanga, ā, ka tīmata te mārama me te whakaae haere o te tangata ki ōna āhuatanga me ōna painga. I muri mai anō hoki tēnei i Niagara Falls. I roto i ngā kaihanga hiko wai i te teihana hiko wai, he mea nui te alternator hei wikitoria anō.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-11-2021
