Sezvatinoziva tese, majenareta anogona kukamurwa kuita majenareta eDC nemajenareta eAC. Parizvino, alternator inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uye ndizvo zvakaitawo majenareta ehydro. Asi mumakore ekutanga, majenareta eDC aitora nzvimbo mumusika wese, saka majenareta eAC aitora nzvimbo sei mumusika? Chii chiri kubatana pakati pemajenareta ehydro pano? Izvi ndezvehondo yeAC neDC uye jenareta yehydro ye5000hp yeAdams power station muNiagara Falls.
Tisati tatanga kugadzira jenareta remvura reNiagara Falls, tinofanira kutanga nehondo yakakosha yeAC/DC munhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi.
Edison mugadziri wezvinhu muAmerica ane mukurumbira. Akaberekerwa muurombo uye akanga asina dzidzo yechikoro. Zvisinei, akawana mapatenti ekugadzira zvinhu anoda kusvika 1300 muhupenyu hwake nekuvimba nehungwaru hwake hunoshamisa uye mweya wake wekurwira. Musi wa21 Gumiguru, 1879, akanyorera patent yekugadzira rambi reincandescent recarbon filament (Nhamba 22898); Muna 1882, akatanga kambani yemagetsi yeEdison yekugadzira mwenje yeincandescent nemajenareta avo eDC. Mugore rimwe chetero, akavaka chiteshi chekutanga chikuru chemagetsi ekupisa muNew York. Akatengesa mababu anopfuura 200000 mukati memakore matatu uye akatonga musika wese. Majenareta eDC aEdison anotengeswawo zvakanaka mukondinendi yeAmerica.
Muna 1885, Edison paakanga ava padanho repamusoro, American steinhouse yakacherechedza zvikuru sisitimu yemagetsi yeAC yakanga ichangoburwa. Muna 1885, Westinghouse yakatenga patent yeAC lighting system netransformer yakashandiswa naGaulard naGibbs muUnited States musi wa6 Kukadzi, 1884 (US Patent Nhamba n0.297924). Muna 1886, Westinghouse naStanley (W. Stanley, 1856-1927) vakabudirira mukusimudzira single-phase AC kusvika 3000V netransformer muGreat Barrington, Massachusetts, USA, vachitumira 4000ft, uye vachizoderedza voltage kusvika 500V. Munguva pfupi, Westinghouse yakagadzira nekutengesa masisitimu akati wandei eAC lighting. Muna 1888, Westinghouse yakatenga patent yaTesla, "nyanzvi yemagetsi", pamota yeAC, uye yakahaya Tesla kuti ashande muWestinghouse. Yakanga yakazvipira kugadzira mota yeAC uye kukurudzira kushandiswa kwemota yeAC, uye yakabudirira. Kukunda kwakatevedzana kweWestinghouse mukugadzira magetsi ekuchinjana kwakakwezva godo raEdison nevamwe. Edison, HP Brown nevamwe vakaburitsa zvinyorwa mumapepanhau nemapepanhau, vakashandisa mukana wekutya kweveruzhinji magetsi panguva iyoyo, vakazivisa nehasha njodzi yemagetsi ekuchinjana, vachiti "hupenyu hwese huri pedyo nemagetsi ekuchinjana hahugone kurarama" Kuti hapana chisikwa chipenyu chinogona kurarama munjodzi yemakondirakita anotakura magetsi ekuchinjana. Muchinyorwa chake, akarwisa kushandiswa kweAC mukuyedza kudzipa AC achiri mudiki. Achitarisana nekurwiswa kwaEdison nevamwe, Westinghouse nevamwe vakanyorawo zvinyorwa zvekudzivirira AC. Semhedzisiro yehurukuro, divi reAC rakakunda zvishoma nezvishoma. Rutivi rweDC rwakanga rusingadi kukundwa, HP Brown (paaive mubatsiri werabhoritari waEdison) Akakurudzirawo nekutsigira dare rehurumende kuti ripe mutemo wekuita mutongo werufu nemagetsi, uye muna Chivabvu 1889, akatenga ma alternator matatu akagadzirwa neWestinghouse ndokuatengesa kujeri semagetsi echigaro chemagetsi. Mukuona kwevanhu vazhinji, magetsi ekuchinjana anoreva Mwari werufu. Panguva imwe cheteyo, Dare revanhu riri kudivi raEdison rakagadzira mafungiro evanhu: "Chigaro chemagetsi chiratidzo chekuti alternating current inoita kuti vanhu vafe zviri nyore. Mukupindura, Westinghouse akabata tit yemusangano wevatori venhau. Tesla pachake akasunga waya mumuviri wake wese ndokudzibatanidza netambo yemabarabhu. Apo alternating current yakabatidzwa, mwenje wemagetsi waipenya, asi Tesla akanga akachengeteka. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka ekukundikana kwemaonero everuzhinji, divi reDC rakaedza kuuraya alternating current zviri pamutemo.
Muchirimo cha890, vamwe nhengo dzeparamende muVirginia vakapa zano pamusoro pe "kudzivirira njodzi kubva kumagetsi emagetsi" Pakutanga kwaKubvumbi, paramende yakagadza jury kuti iite hurukuro. Edison naMorton, maneja mukuru wekambani, naLB Stillwell, mainjiniya weWestinghouse (1863-1941) Uye gweta rekudzivirira h. Levis vakapinda musangano uyu. Kusvika kwaEdison ane mukurumbira kwakavhara imba yeparamende. Edison akataura zvinoshamisa pamusangano uyu achiti: "magetsi akananga akafanana" nerwizi runoyerera murunyararo kuenda kugungwa ", uye magetsi anochinja-chinja akafanana" nenzizi dzemakomo dzichitsvaira mawere zvine simba " (rwizi runoyerera zvine simba pamusoro pegomo)" Morton akaedzawo nepese paanogona kurwisa AC, asi humbowo hwavo hwakanga husina maturo uye husingagutsi, izvo zvakaita kuti vateereri nevatongi vawire mumhute. Zvapupu kubva kuWestinghouse nemakambani mazhinji emagetsi emagetsi vakaramba nharo yekuti AC ine njodzi zvikuru nemutauro wehunyanzvi wakajeka uye wakajeka uye tsika yemwenje yemagetsi ye3000V yavakashandisa zvakanyanya. Pakupedzisira, dare remakurukota rakapa sarudzo mushure mekukakavadzana Mushure mekunge Virginia, Ohio nedzimwe nyika dzaramba zvikumbiro zvakafanana. Kubva ipapo, AC yakagamuchirwa zvishoma nezvishoma nevanhu, uye Westinghouse ine mukurumbira uri kukura muhondo yekutaurirana (semuenzaniso, muna 1893, yakabvuma chibvumirano cheodha yemabara 250000 paChicago Fair) Edison Electric Light Company, iyo yakakundwa muhondo yeAC / DC, yakashorwa uye haina kugadzikana. Yaifanira kubatana nekambani yeThomson Houston muna 1892 kuti ivambe kambani yemagetsi (GE). Kambani iyi payakangotangwa, yakasiya pfungwa yaEdison yekupikisa kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yeAC, yakagara nhaka basa rekugadzira michina yeAC yekambani yekutanga yeThomson Houston, uye yakasimudzira nesimba kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yeAC.
Izvi zviri pamusoro apa ihondo yakakosha pakati peAC neDC munhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwemotokari. Gakava rakazopedzisira ragumisa kuti kukuvadzwa kweAC kwakanga kusina njodzi sezvakataurwa nevatsigiri veDC. Mushure mechisarudzo ichi, alternator yakatanga kuunza chitubu chekuvandudzwa, uye hunhu hwayo nezvakanakira zvakatanga kunzwisiswa uye zvishoma nezvishoma kugamuchirwa nevanhu. Izvi zvakazoitikawo gare gare muNiagara Falls Pakati pemajenareta emvura muchiteshi chemagetsi emvura, alternator chinhu chinokunda zvakare.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-11-2021
