Njengoba sonke sazi, amajeneretha angahlukaniswa abe amajeneretha e-DC kanye namajeneretha e-AC. Njengamanje, i-alternator isetshenziswa kabanzi, kanye nejeneretha ye-hydro. Kodwa eminyakeni yokuqala, amajeneretha e-DC ayesebenzisa yonke imakethe, ngakho-ke amajeneretha e-AC asebenzisa kanjani imakethe? Kuyini ukuxhumana phakathi kwamajeneretha e-hydro lapha? Lokhu kumayelana nempi ye-AC ne-DC kanye nejeneretha ye-hydro enamandla angu-5000hp yesiteshi sikagesi sase-Adams eNiagara Falls.
Ngaphambi kokwethula i-Niagara Falls hydro generator, kufanele siqale ngempi ebaluleke kakhulu ye-AC/DC emlandweni wentuthuko kagesi.
U-Edison ungumsunguli odumile waseMelika. Wazalelwa ebumpofwini futhi wayengenayo imfundo yasesikoleni esisemthethweni. Kodwa-ke, wathola amalungelo obunikazi okusungula izinto ezintsha acishe abe ngu-1300 empilweni yakhe ngokuthembela ekuhlakanipheni kwakhe okungavamile kanye nomoya wakhe wokulwa. Ngo-Okthoba 21, 1879, wafaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi lokusungula isibani se-carbon filament incandescent (No. 22898); Ngo-1882, wasungula inkampani yezibani zikagesi ze-Edison ukukhiqiza izibani ze-incandescent kanye namajeneretha azo e-DC. Ngonyaka ofanayo, wakha isitshalo sokuqala esikhulu samandla okushisa emhlabeni eNew York. Wathengisa amabhalbhu angaphezu kuka-200000 phakathi neminyaka emithathu futhi walawula yonke imakethe. Amajeneretha e-DC ka-Edison nawo athengiswa kahle ezwenikazi laseMelika.
Ngo-1885, lapho u-Edison esesezingeni eliphezulu, i-American steinhouse yaqaphela kakhulu uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukagesi lwe-AC olwalusanda kuzalwa. Ngo-1885, i-Westinghouse yathenga ilungelo lobunikazi ohlelweni lokukhanyisa lwe-AC kanye ne-transformer eyayisetshenziswa uGaulard noGibbs e-United States ngoFebhuwari 6, 1884 (US Patent No. n0.297924). Ngo-1886, i-Westinghouse noStanley (W. Stanley, 1856-1927) baphumelela ekukhuliseni i-AC yesigaba esisodwa ibe yi-3000V nge-transformer eGreat Barrington, eMassachusetts, e-USA, idlulisa ama-4000ft, bese yehlisa i-voltage ibe yi-500V. Ngokushesha, i-Westinghouse yenza futhi yathengisa izinhlelo eziningana zokukhanyisa ze-AC. Ngo-1888, i-Westinghouse yathenga ilungelo lobunikazi likaTesla, "uchwepheshe kagesi", emotweni ye-AC, futhi yaqasha i-Tesla ukuthi isebenze eWestinghouse. Yayizibophezele ekuthuthukiseni imoto ye-AC kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwemoto ye-AC, futhi yaphumelela. Ukunqoba okulandelanayo kweWestinghouse ekuthuthukiseni ugesi oshintshanayo kwadonsela umona ka-Edison onganqobeki nabanye. U-Edison, u-HP Brown nabanye bashicilela izihloko emaphephandabeni nasemaphepheni, basebenzisa ukwesaba komphakathi ugesi ngaleso sikhathi, bamemezela ngamabomu ingozi yogesi oshintshanayo, bethi “zonke izinto eziphilayo eduze komqhubi wamandla oshintshanayo azikwazi ukusinda” Ukuthi akukho sidalwa esiphilayo esingasinda engozini yabaqhubi abaphethe ugesi oshintshanayo. Esihlokweni sakhe, wahlasela ukusetshenziswa kwe-AC ezama ukuklinya i-AC ebuntwaneni bakhe. Ebhekene nokuhlaselwa kuka-Edison nabanye, uWestinghouse nabanye babhala nezihloko zokuvikela i-AC. Ngenxa yempikiswano, uhlangothi lwe-AC lwanqoba kancane kancane. Uhlangothi lwe-DC lwalungathandi ukulahlekelwa, u-HP Brown (ngesikhathi engumsizi welebhu ka-Edison) Wakhuthaza futhi wasekela umhlangano wesifundazwe ukuthi udlulise isinqumo mayelana nokukhishwa kwesigwebo sokufa nge-electrocution, kwathi ngoMeyi 1889, wathenga ama-alternator amathathu akhiqizwe yi-Westinghouse wawathengisa ejele njengomthombo wamandla wesihlalo se-electrocution. Emehlweni abantu abaningi, ugesi oshintshanayo ufana noNkulunkulu wokufa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iCongress yabantu ohlangothini luka-Edison yakha umbono womphakathi: “Isihlalo sikagesi siwubufakazi bokuthi ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kwenza abantu bafe kalula. Ephendula, uWestinghouse wabamba i-tit yengqungquthela yabezindaba. UTesla wazibopha mathupha izintambo emzimbeni wakhe wonke wazixhuma entanjeni yama-bulb. Lapho ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi kuvuliwe, isibani sikagesi sasikhanya, kodwa uTesla wayephephile. Ngaphansi kwesimo esibi sokwehluleka kombono womphakathi, uhlangothi lwe-DC lwazama ukubulala ukuguquguquka kwamandla ngokomthetho.
Entwasahlobo ka-890, amanye amalungu ePhalamende eVirginia aphakamisa isiphakamiso "sokuvimbela ingozi evela kumaza kagesi" Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, iphalamende lasungula ijaji ukuze libambe inkantolo. U-Edison noMorton, umphathi jikelele wenkampani, kanye no-LB Stillwell, unjiniyela weWestinghouse (1863-1941) kanye nommeli wokuvikela u-h. Levis babekhona enkantolo. Ukufika kuka-Edison odumile kwavimba ihholo lephalamende. U-Edison wathi ngendlela ehlaba umxhwele enkantolo: "umfula oqondile ufana" nomfula ogeleza ngokuthula olwandle ", futhi umfula oshintshanayo ufana" nezifufula zezintaba ezigubha amawa ngamandla " (umfula ogeleza ngamandla phezu kwewa)" UMorton naye wazama konke okusemandleni akhe ukuhlasela i-AC, kodwa ubufakazi babo babungenamsebenzi futhi abukholisanga, okwenza izethameli nabahluleli bawela enkungwini. Ofakazi abavela eWestinghouse kanye nezinkampani eziningi zokukhanya kagesi baphikise impikiswano yokuthi i-AC iyingozi kakhulu ngolimi lobuchwepheshe olufushane nolucacile kanye nomkhuba wezibani zikagesi ze-3000V abazisebenzise kabanzi. Ekugcineni, ijaji ladlulisa isinqumo ngemuva kwempikiswano Ngemuva kokuthi iVirginia, i-Ohio kanye nezinye izifundazwe zisheshe zenqabe iziphakamiso ezifanayo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-AC iye yamukelwa kancane kancane ngabantu, futhi iWestinghouse inedumela elikhulayo empini yokuxhumana (isibonelo, ngo-1893, yamukela inkontileka ye-oda lama-bulb angu-250000 eChicago Fair) I-Edison Electric Light Company, eyanqotshwa empini ye-AC / DC, yachithwa futhi ayizinzile. Kwadingeka ihlangane nenkampani iThomson Houston ngo-1892 ukuze isungule inkampani kagesi ejwayelekile (GE). Ngokushesha nje lapho inkampani isungulwa, yashiya umbono ka-Edison wokuphikisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini ye-AC, yazuza umsebenzi wokukhiqiza imishini ye-AC yenkampani yokuqala iThomson Houston, futhi yakhuthaza ngamandla ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini ye-AC.
Lokhu okungenhla kuyimpi ebalulekile phakathi kwe-AC ne-DC emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto. Impikiswano ekugcineni yaphetha ngokuthi ukulimala kwe-AC kwakungeyona ingozi njengoba abasekeli be-DC besho. Ngemva kwalesi sinqumo, i-alternator yaqala ukuletha intwasahlobo yentuthuko, futhi izici zayo nezinzuzo zayo zaqala ukuqondwa futhi kancane kancane zamukelwa abantu. Lokhu kwaba kamuva eNiagara Falls Phakathi kwabakhiqizi bamanzi esiteshini sikagesi wamanzi, i-alternator iyisici sokunqoba futhi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 11-2021
