Njengoko sonke sisazi, iijenereyitha zinokwahlulwa zibe ziijeneretha zeDC kunye neejenereyitha ze-AC. Okwangoku, i-alternator isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kwaye kunjalo i-hydro generator. Kodwa kwiminyaka yokuqala, iijenereyitha ze-DC zazihlala kuyo yonke imarike, ke ngaba iijenereyitha ze-AC zazingena njani kwimarike? Yintoni uqhagamshelwano phakathi kweejenereyitha zamanzi apha? Oku kumalunga nedabi le-AC kunye ne-DC kunye ne-5000hp hydro generator yesikhululo samandla samandla e-Adams e-Niagara Falls.
Ngaphambi kokwazisa i-Niagara Falls generator hydro generator, kufuneka siqale ngemfazwe ebaluleke kakhulu ye-AC / DC kwimbali yophuhliso lombane.
U-Edison ngumqambi odumileyo waseMelika. Wazalelwa ebuhlwempu yaye akazange afunde esikolweni. Nangona kunjalo, wafumana phantse i-1300 yamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza ebomini bakhe ngokuthembela kubukrelekrele bakhe obungaqhelekanga kunye nomoya womzabalazo wobuqu. Ngo-Oktobha 21, 1879, wafaka isicelo sokuveliswa kwe-patent yesibane se-carbon filament incandescent (No. 22898); Ngo-1882, waseka inkampani yesibane sombane se-Edison ukuvelisa izibane ze-incandescent kunye neejeneretha zabo ze-DC. Kwangaloo nyaka, wakha umzi-mveliso wokuqala wamandla obushushu obushushu eNew York. Uthengise iiglowubhu ezingaphezu kwama-200000 kwiminyaka emithathu kwaye walawula yonke imarike. Iijeneretha ze-Edison ze-DC nazo zithengisa kakuhle kwilizwekazi laseMelika.
Ngo-1885, xa u-Edison wayekwincopho yayo, i-American steinhouse yaqaphela kakhulu inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla e-AC esandula kuzalwa. Kwi-1885, i-Westinghouse yathenga i-patent kwinkqubo yokukhanyisa i-AC kunye ne-transformer esetyenziswe yi-gaulard kunye ne-Gibbs e-United States ngoFebruwari 6, 1884 (i-US Patent No. n0.297924). Kwi-1886, i-Westinghouse kunye noStanley (W. Stanley, 1856-1927) baphumelele ekukhuliseni isigaba esisodwa se-AC ukuya kwi-3000V kunye ne-transformer e-Great Barrington, eMassachusetts, eU.SA, ihambisa i-4000ft, kwaye emva koko inciphisa i-voltage kwi-500V. Kungekudala, iWestinghouse yenza kwaye yathengisa iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ezininzi ze-AC. Kwi-1888, i-Westinghouse yathenga i-patent kaTesla, "ingcali yombane", kwi-AC motor, kwaye yaqesha uTesla ukuba asebenze eWestinghouse. Yayizibophelele ekuphuhliseni i-AC motor kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemoto ye-AC, kwaye iphumelele impumelelo. Uloyiso olulandelelanayo lweWestinghouse ekuphuhliseni umsinga otshintshanayo lwatsala umona ka-Edison ongoyiswayo kunye nabanye. Edison, HP brown kunye nabanye amanqaku apapashiweyo kumaphephandaba kunye neejenali, wathabatha ithuba uloyiko loluntu umbane ngelo xesha, wantonly yabhengeza ingozi alternating lwangoku, esithi "bonke ubomi kufuphi umqhubi yangoku etshintshanayo ayikwazi ukusinda" Ukuba akukho ndalo ephilayo unokusinda kwingozi yomqhubi ophethe ezinye iindlela zangoku Kwinqaku lakhe, wahlasela ukusetyenziswa kwe-AC kwi-stranglency yakhe kwi-AC yakhe. Ukujongana nokuhlaselwa kuka-Edison kunye nabanye, iWestinghouse kunye nabanye babhala amanqaku ukukhusela i-AC. ngenxa yengxoxo-mpikiswano, icala le-AC laphumelela ngokuthe ngcembe. Icala le-DC lalingafuni ukulahlekelwa, u-HP Brown (xa wayengumncedisi we-laboratory ka-Edison) Kwakhona wakhuthaza kwaye waxhasa indibano karhulumente ukuba idlulise ummiselo wokuphunyezwa kwesigwebo sokufa ngombane, kwaye ngoMeyi 1889, wathenga ii-alternators ezintathu eziveliswe yi-Westinghouse kwaye wazithengisa entolongweni njengonikezelo lwamandla kwisihlalo sombane. Emehlweni abantu abaninzi, umsinga otshintshanayo sisithetha-ntonye sikaThixo wokufa. Kwangaxeshanye, iNkongolo yabantu kwicala lika-Edison yenze uluvo lukawonke-wonke: “Isihlalo sombane sibubungqina bokuba ukutshintshisana kwangoku kwenza abantu bafe ngokulula.” Ukusabela, iWestinghouse yabamba itit kwinkomfa yabezindaba ye-tat.” UTesla ngokwakhe wazibophelela iingcingo kuwo wonke umzimba wakhe waza wazidibanisa nomtya weebhalbhu. lokungaphumeleli koluvo loluntu, icala le-DC lazama ukubulala umjelo otshintshanayo ngokusemthethweni.
Ngentwasahlobo ka-890, amanye amalungu e-congressmen eVirginia acebisa isindululo “sokuthintela ingozi kwimisinga yombane” Ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli, ipalamente yaseka ijuri ukuba ibambe ukuva. UEdison noMorton, umphathi jikelele wenkampani, kunye noLB Stillwell, injineli yaseWestinghouse (1863-1941) kunye negqwetha elikhuselayo h. U-Levis wayekho kwingxoxo. Ukufika kuka-Edison odumileyo kwavala iholo yepalamente. U-Edison wathetha ngendlela echukumisayo ekuchotshelweni kwetyala: “umsinga othe ngqo ufana” nomlambo oqukuqela ngoxolo ukuya elwandle “, kwaye umsinga oguqukayo ufana” nemisinga yeentaba ekhukulisa amawa ngogonyamelo ” (umsinga ogquma ngamandla phezu komwonyo)” uMorton naye wazama konke okusemandleni akhe ukuhlasela i-AC, kodwa ubungqina babo babungenanjongo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba abaphulaphuli bangabi nanjongo. Amangqina avela e-Westinghouse kunye neenkampani ezininzi zokukhanya kombane zichasa ingxabano yokuba i-AC iyingozi kakhulu ngolwimi olucacileyo nolucacileyo lobugcisa kunye nokusebenza kwezibane zombane ze-3000V eziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ekugqibeleni, ijaji yaphumelela isigqibo emva kwengxoxo Emva kweVirginia, iOhio kunye namanye amaZwe kungekudala zalandula iziphakamiso ezifanayo. Ukususela ngoko, i-AC iye yamkelwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngabantu, kwaye i-Westinghouse inegama elikhulayo kwimfazwe yonxibelelwano (umzekelo, ngo-1893, yamkela isivumelwano somyalelo we-250000 bulbs kwi-Chicago Fair) Inkampani ye-Edison Electric Light, eyahlulwa kwimfazwe ye-AC / DC, yachithwa kwaye ingenakulondolozwa. Kwafuneka idibaniswe nenkampani yaseThomson Houston ngo-1892 ukuseka inkampani yombane jikelele (GE) Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba inkampani isungulwe, yayilahla ingcamango ka-Edison yokuchasa ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo ze-AC, yazuza njengelifa umsebenzi wokuvelisa izixhobo ze-AC zenkampani yokuqala yaseThomson Houston, kwaye yakhuthaza ngamandla ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo ze-AC.
Oku kungasentla kulidabi elibalulekileyo phakathi kwe-AC kunye ne-DC kwimbali yophuhliso lweemoto. Ingxabano ekugqibeleni yagqiba ukuba ukulimala kwe-AC kwakungekho yingozi njengoko abalandeli be-DC bathi. Emva kwesi sigqibo, i-alternator yaqala ukuqalisa intwasahlobo yophuhliso, kwaye iimpawu zayo kunye neenzuzo zaqala ukuqondwa kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe zamkelwa ngabantu. Oku kwakhona kamva kwiiNgxangxasi zaseNiagara Phakathi kweejenereyitha zamanzi kwisikhululo sombane wamanzi, ialternator yinto yokuphumelela kwakhona.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-11-2021
