Kamar yadda muka sani, ana iya raba janareta zuwa na'urorin DC da na AC. A halin yanzu, alternator ana amfani da shi sosai, haka ma injin samar da ruwa. Amma a farkon shekarun, injinan wutar lantarki na DC sun mamaye kasuwar gaba daya, to ta yaya injinan AC suka mamaye kasuwar? Menene alakar masu samar da ruwa a nan? Wannan shi ne game da yakin AC da DC da kuma injin samar da wutar lantarki na 5000hp na tashar wutar lantarki ta Adams a Niagara Falls.
Kafin gabatar da janareta na ruwa na Niagara Falls, dole ne mu fara da yaƙin AC / DC mai mahimmanci a cikin tarihin ci gaban lantarki.
Edison sanannen mai ƙirƙira ɗan Amurka ne. An haife shi cikin talauci kuma ba shi da ilimin boko. Koyaya, ya sami kusan haƙƙin ƙirƙira 1300 a cikin rayuwarsa ta hanyar dogaro da hazakarsa na ban mamaki da ruhin gwagwarmaya na sirri. A ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1879, ya nemi ƙera haƙƙin ƙirar carbon filament incandescent fitila (Lamba 22898); A cikin 1882, ya kafa kamfanin Edison na fitilar lantarki don samar da fitilu masu ƙyalli da janareton su na DC. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya gina babbar tashar wutar lantarki ta farko a duniya a birnin New York. Ya sayar da kwararan fitila sama da 200000 a cikin shekaru uku kuma ya mallaki duk kasuwar. Edison's DC janareta kuma suna sayar da kyau a cikin nahiyar Amurka.
A cikin 1885, lokacin da Edison ke kan kololuwar sa, steinhouse na Amurka ya lura da sabon tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na AC. A shekara ta 1885, Westinghouse ta sayi patent akan tsarin hasken AC da na'urar wuta da gaulard da Gibbs suka yi amfani da su a Amurka a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1884 (US Patent No. n0.297924). A cikin 1886, Westinghouse da Stanley (W. Stanley, 1856-1927) sun yi nasarar haɓaka AC guda ɗaya zuwa 3000V tare da na'urar lantarki a Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Amurka, suna watsa 4000ft, sannan kuma rage ƙarfin lantarki zuwa 500V. Ba da daɗewa ba, Westinghouse ya yi kuma ya sayar da tsarin hasken AC da yawa. A cikin 1888, Westinghouse ya sayi haƙƙin mallaka na Tesla, “masanin lantarki”, akan motar AC, kuma ya ɗauki Tesla aiki a Westinghouse. An himmatu wajen haɓaka injin AC da haɓaka aikace-aikacen injin AC, kuma ya sami nasara. Nasarar da aka samu na Westinghouse a cikin haɓaka alternating current ya jawo kishi na Edison wanda ba a iya cin nasara ba da sauransu. Edison, HP Brown da sauran su sun buga labarai a jaridu da mujallu, sun yi amfani da damar da jama'a suka ji tsoron wutar lantarki a wancan lokacin, da son rai ya bayyana haɗarin alternating current, yana mai iƙirarin cewa "dukkan rayuwa kusa da alternating current conductor ba za ta iya rayuwa ba" Wannan babu wani halitta mai rai da zai iya tsira a cikin hatsarin conductors dauke da madadin halin yanzu A cikin labarinsa, ya kai hari ga amfani da AC a cikin ƙoƙari na yin amfani da AC. Fuskantar harin Edison da sauransu, Westinghouse da sauransu kuma sun rubuta labarai don kare AC. a sakamakon muhawarar, a hankali bangaren AC ya yi nasara. Bangaren DC bai yarda ya rasa ba, HP Brown (lokacin da ya kasance mataimaki na dakin gwaje-gwaje na Edison) Ya kuma karfafawa tare da goyan bayan majalisar jihar don zartar da hukunci kan aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki, kuma a cikin Mayu 1889, ya sayi masu canji guda uku da Westinghouse ta samar kuma ya sayar da su ga gidan yari a matsayin samar da wutar lantarki ga kujerar lantarki. A gaban mutane da yawa, alternating current shine ma'anar Allah na mutuwa. A lokaci guda, Majalisar Jama'a a gefen Edison ta haifar da ra'ayin jama'a: "Kujerar lantarki ita ce hujjar cewa canjin halin yanzu yana sa mutane sauƙi su mutu. A mayar da martani, Westinghouse ya gudanar da taron manema labarai. gefe yayi kokarin kashe alternating current bisa doka.
A cikin bazara na 890, wasu 'yan majalisa a Virginia sun ba da shawara game da "kariya daga hadarin wutar lantarki" A farkon watan Afrilu, majalisar ta kafa wani alkali don gudanar da sauraren karar. Edison da Morton, babban manajan kamfanin, da LB Stillwell, injiniyan Westinghouse (1863-1941) Kuma lauya mai kare h. Levis sun halarci zaman. Zuwan shahararren Edison ya toshe zauren majalisar. Edison ya ce a cikin jin dadi a yayin sauraron karar: "kai tsaye kamar" kogin da ke gudana cikin lumana zuwa teku ", kuma madaidaicin ruwa yana kama da" rafuffukan tsaunuka suna zazzage manyan duwatsu da karfi "(koguwar da ke gudana da karfi a kan wani tsauni)" Morton kuma ya yi iya ƙoƙarinsa don kai farmaki ga AC, amma shaidarsu ba ta da ma'ana kuma ba ta da tabbas, wanda ya sa masu sauraro suka shiga cikin hazo. Shaidu daga Westinghouse da kamfanonin hasken wutar lantarki da yawa sun musanta hujjar cewa AC yana da haɗari sosai tare da taƙaitaccen harshe na fasaha da kuma aikin fitilun lantarki na 3000V da suka yi amfani da su sosai. A karshe dai alkalan kotun sun zartas da wani kuduri bayan muhawara Bayan da aka yi muhawara a tsakanin jihohin Virginia da Ohio da sauran jihohin kasar nan ba da jimawa ba sun musanta irin wannan kuduri. Tun daga wannan lokacin, AC ya sami karbuwa a hankali a cikin mutane, kuma Westinghouse yana da suna mai girma a yakin sadarwa (misali, a cikin 1893, ya yarda da kwangilar oda don 250000 kwararan fitila a Chicago Fair) Edison Electric Light Company, wanda aka ci nasara a yakin AC / DC, ya kasance abin kunya kuma ba shi da tabbas. Dole ne ya haɗu da kamfanin Thomson Houston a 1892 don kafa kamfanin lantarki na gaba (GE) Da zarar an kafa kamfanin, ya watsar da ra'ayin Edison na adawa da haɓaka kayan aikin AC, ya gaji aikin kera na'urorin AC na ainihin kamfanin Thomson Houston, kuma ya haɓaka haɓaka haɓaka kayan aikin AC.
Abin da ke sama muhimmin yaƙi ne tsakanin AC da DC a cikin tarihin ci gaban mota. A karshe dai takaddamar ta karkare cewa cutar da AC ba ta da hadari kamar yadda magoya bayan DC suka ce. Bayan wannan ƙudiri, alternator ya fara shiga cikin bazara na ci gaba, kuma an fara fahimtar halayensa da fa'idodinsa kuma a hankali mutane sun yarda da su. Wannan kuma ya kasance daga baya a Niagara Falls Daga cikin masu samar da ruwa a tashar samar da wutar lantarki, madaidaicin shine dalilin sake yin nasara.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba 11-2021
