1. Intshayelelo
I-Turbine governor yenye yezixhobo ezimbini eziphambili zokulawula iiyunithi zombane wamanzi. Ayidlali nje indima yokulawula isantya, kodwa ikwathatha neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ukuguqulwa kunye nokuphindaphinda, amandla, i-phase angle kunye nolawulo olunye lweeyunithi zokuvelisa umbane wamanzi kwaye ikhusela ivili lamanzi. Umsebenzi weseti yejenereyitha. Ii-Turbine governors zidlule kwizigaba ezintathu zophuhliso: ii-mechanical hydraulic governors, ii-electro-hydraulic governors kunye nee-microcomputer digital hydraulic governors. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ii-programmable controllers ziye zaziswa kwiinkqubo zokulawula isantya se-turbine, ezinamandla okulwa nokuphazamiseka kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu; ukucwangcisa kunye nokusebenza okulula nokufanelekileyo; ulwakhiwo lwemodyuli, ukuguquguquka okuhle, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokugcinwa okulula; Inezibonelelo zomsebenzi wolawulo oluqinileyo kunye nokukwazi ukuqhuba; iqinisekisiwe phantse.
Kule phepha, kucetywa uphando ngenkqubo yohlengahlengiso oluphindwe kabini lwe-PLC hydraulic turbine, kwaye isilawuli esicwangcisiweyo sisetyenziselwa ukwenza uhlengahlengiso oluphindwe kabini lwe-guide vane kunye ne-paddle, nto leyo ephucula ukuchaneka kokulungelelanisa kwe-guide vane kunye ne-vane kwiintloko zamanzi ezahlukeneyo. Ukuziqhelanisa kubonisa ukuba inkqubo yokulawula kabini iphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla amanzi.
2. Inkqubo yokulawula iTurbine
2.1 Inkqubo yokulawula iTurbine
Umsebenzi osisiseko wenkqubo yokulawula isantya seturbine kukutshintsha ukuvulwa kwee-vanes zesikhokelo seturbine ngokufanelekileyo nge-governor xa umthwalo wenkqubo yamandla utshintsha kwaye isantya sokujikeleza seyunithi siyaphambuka, ukuze isantya sokujikeleza seturbine sigcinwe ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchaziweyo, ukuze iyunithi yejenereyitha isebenze. Amandla okukhupha kunye ne-frequency zihlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzisi. Imisebenzi esisiseko yokulawula iturbine inokwahlulwa ibe yi-speed regulation, active power regulation kunye ne-water level regulation.
2.2 Umgaqo wolawulo lweturbine
Iyunithi ye-hydro-generator yiyunithi eyenziwe ngokudibanisa i-hydro-turbine kunye ne-generator. Inxalenye ejikelezayo yeseti ye-hydro-generator yimizimba eqinileyo ejikeleza i-axis esisigxina, kwaye i-equation yayo ingachazwa ngale equation ilandelayo:
Kwifomula
——Umzuzu wokungakhathali kwenxalenye ejikelezayo yeyunithi (Kg m2)
——Isantya se-angular sokujikeleza (rad/s)
——I-torque ye-turbine (N/m), kuquka ukulahleka koomatshini kunye nombane wejenereyitha.
——I-torque yokumelana nejenereyitha, ebhekisa kwi-torque esebenzayo ye-stator yejenereyitha kwi-rotor, icala layo lichasene necala lokujikeleza, kwaye imele amandla asebenzayo ejenereyitha, oko kukuthi, ubungakanani bomthwalo.
Xa umthwalo utshintsha, ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane kuhlala kungatshintshanga, kwaye isantya seyunithi sisenokuzinziswa ngexabiso elithile. Ngenxa yokuba isantya siya kuphambuka kwixabiso elilinganisiweyo, akwanelanga ukuxhomekeka kubuchule bokuzilungisa bokuzilinganisela ukugcina isantya. Ukuze isantya seyunithi sigcine ixabiso elilinganisiweyo lokuqala emva kokuba umthwalo utshintshile, kunokubonwa kuMfanekiso 1 ukuba kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane ngokufanelekileyo. Xa umthwalo uncipha, xa i-resistance torque itshintsha ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-2, ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane kuya kuncitshiswa ukuya ku-1, kwaye isantya seyunithi siya kugcinwa. Ke ngoko, ngotshintsho lomthwalo, ukuvulwa kwendlela yokuqondisa amanzi kuyatshintshwa ngokufanayo, ukuze isantya seyunithi ye-hydro-generator sigcinwe ngexabiso elimiselweyo, okanye sitshintshe ngokomthetho omiselweyo. Le nkqubo kukulungiswa kwesantya seyunithi ye-hydro-generator. , okanye umgaqo we-turbine.
3. Inkqubo yohlengahlengiso oluphindwe kabini lwe-PLC hydraulic turbine
Irhuluneli yeturbine kufuneka ilawule ukuvulwa kweevane zesikhokelo samanzi ukuze ilungise ukuhamba komoya kwi-runner yeturbine, ngaloo ndlela itshintshe i-dynamic torque yeturbine kwaye ilawule i-frequency yeyunithi yeturbine. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-axial-flow rotary paddle turbine, irhuluneli akufuneki ilungise kuphela ukuvulwa kweevane zesikhokelo, kodwa ikwalungise ne-engile yeeblade ze-runner ngokwe-stroke kunye nexabiso lentloko yamanzi yomlandeli we-guide vane, ukuze i-guide vane kunye ne-vane zidibane. Gcina ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano phakathi kwazo, oko kukuthi, ubudlelwane bonxibelelwano, obunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweturbine, bunciphise i-blade cavitation kunye nokungcangcazela kweyunithi, kwaye buphucule uzinzo lokusebenza kweturbine.
Izixhobo zenkqubo ye-PLC control turbine vane zenziwe ngamacandelo amabini, oko kukuthi i-PLC controller kunye ne-hydraulic servo system. Okokuqala, makhe sixoxe ngesakhiwo sezixhobo ze-PLC controller.
Umlawuli we-PLC ongu-3.1
Umlawuli we-PLC uquka ikakhulu iyunithi yokufaka, iyunithi esisiseko ye-PLC kunye neyunithi yokuphuma. Iyunithi yokufaka yenziwe yimodyuli ye-A/D kunye nemodyuli yokufaka yedijithali, kwaye iyunithi yokuphuma yenziwe yimodyuli ye-D/A kunye nemodyuli yokufaka yedijithali. Umlawuli we-PLC uxhotyiswe ngesiboniso sedijithali se-LED sokujonga ngexesha langempela iiparameter ze-PID zenkqubo, indawo yokulandela i-vane, indawo yokulandela i-vane yesikhokelo kunye nexabiso lentloko yamanzi. Kukwabonelelwa nge-analog voltmeter ukujonga indawo yokulandela i-vane xa umlawuli we-microcomputer engasebenzi kakuhle.
3.2 Inkqubo yokulandelela i-hydraulic
Inkqubo ye-hydraulic servo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokulawula i-turbine vane. Isignali yokuphuma yomlawuli ikhuliswa ngamandla e-hydraulic ukulawula intshukumo yomlandeli we-vane, ngaloo ndlela ilungisa i-engile yee-runner blades. Samkele indibaniselwano ye-proportional valve control main pressure valve type electro-hydraulic control system kunye ne-traditional machine-hydraulic control system ukwenza inkqubo yolawulo lwe-hydraulic parallel ye-electro-hydraulic proportional valve kunye ne-machine-hydraulic valve njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2. Inkqubo yokulandelela i-hydraulic yee-turbine blades.
Inkqubo yokulandelela i-hydraulic yeeblade ze-turbine
Xa isilawuli se-PLC, ivalvu elinganayo ye-electro-hydraulic kunye nesensor yesikhundla zonke ziqhelekile, indlela yolawulo elinganayo ye-PLC electro-hydraulic isetyenziselwa ukulungisa inkqubo ye-turbine vane, ixabiso lempendulo yendawo kunye nexabiso lemveliso yokulawula zidluliselwa ziimpawu zombane, kwaye iimpawu zenziwa yi-PLC controller. , ukucubungula kunye nokwenza izigqibo, lungisa ukuvulwa kwevalvu yevalvu ephambili yokusasazwa koxinzelelo ngevalvu elinganayo ukulawula indawo yomlandeli we-vane, kunye nokugcina ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano phakathi kwe-vane yesikhokelo, intloko yamanzi kunye ne-vane. Inkqubo ye-turbine vane elawulwa yi-valve elinganayo ye-electro-hydraulic inobuchane obuphezulu bokusebenzisana, ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo olulula, ukumelana nongcoliseko lweoyile oluqinileyo, kwaye kulula ukunxibelelana ne-PLC controller ukwenza inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo lwe-microcomputer.
Ngenxa yokugcina indlela yokudibanisa i-mechanical linkage mechanism, kwimo yokulawula i-electro-hydraulic proportional control, indlela yokudibanisa i-mechanical linkage mechanism ikwasebenza ngokulandelelana ukulandelela imeko yokusebenza kwenkqubo. Ukuba inkqubo yokulawula i-electro-hydraulic proportional ye-PLC iyasilela, ivalvu yokutshintsha iya kusebenza ngoko nangoko, kwaye indlela yokudibanisa i-mechanical inokulandelela ngokusisiseko imeko yokusebenza kwenkqubo yokulawula i-electro-hydraulic proportional. Xa itshintsha, impembelelo yenkqubo incinci, kwaye inkqubo ye-vane inokutshintshela ngokulula kwiMowudi yokulawula i-mechanical association iqinisekisa kakhulu ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwenkqubo.
Xa sasiyila isekethe ye-hydraulic, sayila ngokutsha umzimba we-valve ye-hydraulic control valve, ubungakanani obuhambelanayo bomzimba we-valve kunye ne-valve ye-valve, ubungakanani boqhagamshelwano bomzimba we-valve kunye ne-valve yoxinzelelo oluphambili, kunye nomatshini. Ubungakanani bentonga yokudibanisa phakathi kwe-valve ye-hydraulic kunye ne-valve yokusasazwa koxinzelelo oluphambili bufana nobokuqala. Ngumzimba we-valve kuphela we-valve ye-hydraulic ekufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha lokufakwa, kwaye akukho nxalenye ifunekayo ukuba itshintshwe. Ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo yonke yolawulo lwe-hydraulic luncinci kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe ekugcineni ngokupheleleyo indlela yokusebenza kwe-mechanical synergy, kongezwa indlela yolawulo lwe-electro-hydraulic proportional ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisana nomlawuli we-PLC ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo lwe-digital synergy kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kokulungelelanisa kwenkqubo ye-turbine vane. ; Kwaye inkqubo yokufaka kunye nokulungisa ingxaki yenkqubo ilula kakhulu, efinyeza ixesha lokungasebenzi kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine, inceda ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yolawulo lwe-hydraulic ye-hydraulic turbine, kwaye inexabiso elifanelekileyo lokusebenza. Ngexesha lokusebenza kwangempela kwindawo, inkqubo ihlolwa kakhulu ngabasebenzi bobunjineli kunye nobuchwephesha besikhululo samandla, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba inokwaziswa kwaye isetyenziswe kwinkqubo ye-hydraulic servo yerhuluneli yezikhululo ezininzi zamandla e-hydropower.
3.3 Ulwakhiwo lwesoftware yenkqubo kunye nendlela yokusetyenziswa kwayo
Kwinkqubo ye-turbine vane elawulwa yi-PLC, indlela ye-digital synergy isetyenziselwa ukufezekisa ubudlelwane be-synergy phakathi kwe-guide vanes, intloko yamanzi kunye nokuvulwa kwe-vane. Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yendabuko ye-mechanical synergy, indlela ye-digital synergy ineengenelo zokucutha iiparameter ezilula, Ineengenelo zokulungisa iimpazamo kunye nokugcinwa okulula, kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kokudibanisa. Ulwakhiwo lwesoftware yenkqubo yokulawula i-vane luqulunqwe kakhulu yinkqubo yomsebenzi wokulungisa inkqubo, inkqubo ye-algorithm yolawulo kunye nenkqubo yokuxilonga. Apha ngezantsi sixoxa ngeendlela zokufezekisa zala macandelo mathathu angentla enkqubo ngokulandelelana. Inkqubo yomsebenzi wokulungisa ibandakanya ikakhulu i-subroutine ye-synergy, i-subroutine yokuqala i-vane, i-subroutine yokumisa i-vane kunye ne-subroutine yokuchitha umthwalo we-vane. Xa inkqubo isebenza, iqala ichonge kwaye igwebe imeko yokusebenza yangoku, emva koko iqalise iswitshi yesoftware, isebenzise i-subroutine yomsebenzi wokulungisa ehambelanayo, kwaye ibale ixabiso elinikiweyo lomlandeli we-vane.
(1) Inkqubo yombutho
Ngovavanyo lwemodeli yeyunithi yeturbine, iqela lamanqaku alinganisiweyo kumphezulu odibeneyo linokufunyanwa. Ikhamera yejoyinti yemveli yoomatshini yenziwa ngokusekelwe kula manqaku alinganisiweyo, kwaye indlela yejoyinti yedijithali ikwasebenzisa la manqaku alinganisiweyo ukuzoba iseti yee-curves ezidibeneyo. Ukukhetha amanqaku aziwayo kwi-association curve njengee-nodes, kunye nokusebenzisa indlela ye-piecewise linear interpolation yomsebenzi we-binary, ixabiso lomsebenzi wee-non-nodes kulo mgca womanyano linokufunyanwa.
(2) Inkqubo yokuqalisa iVane
Injongo yokufunda umthetho wokuqalisa kukunciphisa ixesha lokuqalisa leyunithi, ukunciphisa umthwalo we-thrust bearing, kunye nokudala iimeko eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi yeyunithi yejenereyitha.
(3) I-subroutine yokumisa iVane
Imithetho yokuvala ii-vanes yile ilandelayo: xa umlawuli efumana umyalelo wokuvala, ii-vanes kunye nee-vanes zesikhokelo ziyavalwa ngaxeshanye ngokwentsebenziswano ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lweyunithi: xa ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo kungaphantsi kokuvulwa okungenamthwalo, ii-vanes ziyalibala Xa i-vane yesikhokelo ivalwa kancinci, ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano phakathi kwe-vane kunye ne-vane yesikhokelo abusekho; xa isantya seyunithi sehla ngaphantsi kwe-80% yesantya esilinganisiweyo, i-vane ivulwa kwakhona kwi-engile yokuqala Φ0, ilungele ukuqalisa okulandelayo. Lungiselela.
(4) Inkqubo yokwaliwa komthwalo weblade
Ukwaliwa komthwalo kuthetha ukuba iyunithi enomthwalo iqhawuka ngequbuliso kwigridi yombane, nto leyo eyenza iyunithi kunye nenkqubo yokuphambukisa amanzi zibe kwimeko yokusebenza embi, nto leyo enxulumene ngqo nokhuseleko lwesityalo samandla kunye neyunithi. Xa umthwalo uphala, irhuluneli ilingana nesixhobo sokukhusela, esenza ii-vanes zesikhokelo kunye nee-vanes zivale ngoko nangoko de isantya seyunithi sehle siye kufutshane nozinzo lwesantya esilinganisiweyo. Ke ngoko, ekuphalazeni umthwalo, ii-vanes ngokubanzi zivulwa kwi-engile ethile. Olu vulo lufunyanwa ngovavanyo lokuphalaza umthwalo lwesikhululo samandla sokwenyani. Inokuqinisekisa ukuba xa iyunithi iphalaza umthwalo, kungekuphela nje ukuba ukwanda kwesantya kuncinci, kodwa neyunithi izinzile.
4 Isiphelo
Ngenxa yemeko yobuchwepheshe yangoku yeshishini lomlawuli we-hydraulic turbine yelizwe lam, eli phepha libhekisa kulwazi olutsha kwicandelo lolawulo lwesantya se-hydraulic turbine ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye lisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-programmable logic controller (PLC) kulawulo lwesantya lweseti yejenereyitha ye-hydraulic turbine. I-program controller (PLC) yeyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo ye-axial-flow paddle-type hydraulic turbine dual-regulation. Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kubonisa ukuba le nkqubo iphucula kakhulu ukuchaneka kokunxibelelana phakathi kwe-guide vane kunye ne-vane kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zeentloko zamanzi, kwaye iphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla amanzi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-11-2022
