1 Gabatarwa
Injin turbine yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kayan aiki guda biyu masu kula da na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki. Ba wai kawai yana taka rawar daidaita gudu ba, har ma yana ɗaukar nau'ikan yanayin aiki daban-daban na juyawa da mita, wutar lantarki, kusurwar mataki da sauran iko na na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa da kuma kare ƙafafun ruwa. Aikin saitin janareta. Injin turbine sun shiga matakai uku na ci gaba: gwamnonin hydraulic na inji, gwamnonin electro-hydraulic da gwamnonin hydraulic na dijital na microcomputer. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an shigar da masu sarrafawa masu shirye-shirye cikin tsarin sarrafa saurin turbine, waɗanda ke da ƙarfin hana tsangwama da babban aminci; shirye-shirye masu sauƙi da dacewa; tsarin modular, kyakkyawan sauƙin amfani, sassauci, da kulawa mai dacewa; Yana da fa'idodin aikin sarrafawa mai ƙarfi da ikon tuƙi; an tabbatar da shi a zahiri.
A cikin wannan takarda, an gabatar da bincike kan tsarin daidaitawar turbine mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta PLC, kuma ana amfani da mai sarrafawa mai iya tsarawa don cimma daidaiton gyaran motar jagora da kuma paddle, wanda ke inganta daidaiton daidaiton tsarin motar jagora da van don kawunan ruwa daban-daban. Aiki ya nuna cewa tsarin sarrafawa mai amfani da wutar lantarki yana inganta yawan amfani da makamashin ruwa.
2. Tsarin daidaita injin turbine
2.1 Tsarin daidaita injin turbine
Babban aikin tsarin kula da saurin injin turbine shine canza buɗewar bututun jagora na injin turbine ta hanyar gwamna lokacin da nauyin tsarin wutar lantarki ya canza kuma saurin juyawa na na'urar ya karkace, ta yadda saurin juyawa na injin turbine zai kasance a cikin takamaiman kewayon, don sa na'urar janareta ta yi aiki. Ƙarfin fitarwa da mitar sun cika buƙatun mai amfani. Ana iya raba ayyukan asali na daidaita injin turbine zuwa tsarin daidaitawa da sauri, tsarin daidaita wutar lantarki mai aiki da kuma tsarin daidaita matakin ruwa.
2.2 Ka'idar daidaita injin turbine
Na'urar janareta ta ruwa na'ura ce da aka samar ta hanyar haɗa injin turbin ruwa da janareta. Sashen juyawa na saitin janareta na ruwa jiki ne mai tauri wanda ke juyawa a kusa da wani tsayayyen axis, kuma ana iya bayyana lissafinsa ta hanyar lissafi mai zuwa:
A cikin tsari
——Lokacin inertia na ɓangaren juyawa na na'urar (Kg m2)
—— Saurin juyawa na kusurwa (rad/s)
——Juyin juyawar injin turbine (N/m), gami da asarar injina da wutar lantarki.
——Juriyar juriyar janareta, wadda ke nufin juriyar aiki ta stator na janareta akan rotor, alkiblarta ta saba wa alkiblar juyawa, kuma tana wakiltar fitowar wutar lantarki mai aiki ta janareta, wato, girman nauyin.
Idan nauyin ya canza, buɗewar motar jagora ba ta canzawa ba, kuma saurin naúrar har yanzu yana iya daidaitawa a wani takamaiman ƙima. Saboda gudun zai karkata daga ƙimar da aka ƙima, bai isa a dogara da ikon daidaita daidaiton kai don kiyaye saurin ba. Domin a kiyaye saurin naúrar a ƙimar da aka ƙima ta asali bayan canjin nauyin, ana iya gani daga Hoto na 1 cewa ya zama dole a canza buɗewar motar jagora daidai. Lokacin da nauyin ya ragu, lokacin da ƙarfin juriya ya canza daga 1 zuwa 2, buɗewar motar jagora za ta ragu zuwa 1, kuma za a kiyaye saurin naúrar. Saboda haka, tare da canjin nauyin, buɗewar hanyar jagorar ruwa tana canzawa daidai, don haka ana kiyaye saurin naúrar janareta a ƙimar da aka ƙayyade, ko kuma ya canza bisa ga dokar da aka ƙayyade. Wannan tsari shine daidaita saurin naúrar janareta. , ko ƙa'idar turbine.
3. Tsarin daidaitawa biyu na injin turbine na PLC
Gwamnan turbine zai kula da buɗewar bututun jagora na ruwa don daidaita kwararar ruwa zuwa mai gudu na turbine, ta haka ne zai canza ƙarfin juyi na turbine da kuma sarrafa mitar na'urar turbine. Duk da haka, a lokacin aikin injin turbine mai juyawa na axial-flow, gwamnan ba wai kawai ya kamata ya daidaita buɗe bututun jagora ba, har ma ya daidaita kusurwar ruwan wukake masu gudu bisa ga ƙimar bugun jini da kan ruwa na mai bin motar jagora, ta yadda bututun jagora da bututun za su haɗu. Kula da dangantaka ta haɗin gwiwa tsakaninsu, wato, alaƙar daidaitawa, wadda za ta iya inganta ingancin turbine, rage girgizar ruwa da girgiza na'urar, da kuma haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na aikin turbine.
Kayan aikin tsarin injin turbine na PLC galibi ya ƙunshi sassa biyu, wato na'urar sarrafa PLC da na'urar servo na hydraulic. Da farko, bari mu tattauna tsarin kayan aikin na'urar sarrafa PLC.
3.1 Mai sarrafa PLC
Mai sarrafa PLC galibi ya ƙunshi sashin shigarwa, sashin PLC na asali da sashin fitarwa. Na'urar shigarwa ta ƙunshi sashin A/D da kuma sashin shigarwa na dijital, kuma na'urar fitarwa ta ƙunshi sashin D/A da kuma ɓangaren shigarwa na dijital. Mai sarrafa PLC yana da nunin dijital na LED don lura da sigogin PID na tsarin a ainihin lokaci, matsayin mai bin van, matsayin mai bin van da ƙimar kan ruwa. Hakanan ana ba da na'urar voltmeter analog don sa ido kan matsayin mai bin van idan ya lalace na mai sarrafa microcomputer.
3.2 Tsarin bin diddigin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa
Tsarin servo na hydraulic muhimmin ɓangare ne na tsarin sarrafa motar turbine vane. Siginar fitarwa na mai sarrafawa an ƙara shi ta hanyar hydraulic don sarrafa motsi na mai bin vane, ta haka ne ake daidaita kusurwar ruwan wukake masu gudu. Mun ɗauki haɗin tsarin sarrafa bawul mai matsi na electro-hydraulic na babban nau'in sarrafa bawul mai daidaito da tsarin sarrafa na'ura-hydraulic na gargajiya don samar da tsarin sarrafa hydraulic mai daidaito na bawul mai daidaito na electro-hydraulic da bawul na injin-hydraulic kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 2. Tsarin bin diddigin hydraulic don ruwan wukake masu juyawa.
Tsarin bin diddigin injinan injin turbine
Lokacin da mai sarrafa PLC, bawul ɗin daidaitawa na lantarki da firikwensin matsayi duk sun zama na al'ada, ana amfani da hanyar sarrafa daidaiton PLC don daidaita tsarin bawul ɗin turbine, ƙimar amsawar matsayi da ƙimar fitarwa ana watsa su ta hanyar siginar lantarki, kuma mai sarrafa PLC yana haɗa siginar, sarrafawa da yanke shawara, daidaita buɗewar bawul na babban bawul ɗin rarraba matsi ta hanyar bawul ɗin daidaitawa don sarrafa matsayin mai bin bawul ɗin, da kuma kula da alaƙar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin bawul ɗin jagora, kan ruwa da bawul ɗin. Tsarin bawul ɗin turbine wanda bawul ɗin daidaiton lantarki ke sarrafawa yana da daidaiton haɗin gwiwa mai yawa, tsarin tsarin mai sauƙi, juriya mai ƙarfi ga gurɓatar mai, kuma yana da sauƙin haɗawa da mai sarrafa PLC don ƙirƙirar tsarin sarrafa atomatik na microcomputer.
Saboda riƙe tsarin haɗin injina, a cikin yanayin sarrafa daidaiton lantarki da na lantarki, tsarin haɗin injina kuma yana aiki tare don bin diddigin yanayin aiki na tsarin. Idan tsarin sarrafa daidaiton lantarki da na lantarki na PLC ya gaza, bawul ɗin sauyawa zai yi aiki nan take, kuma tsarin haɗin injina zai iya bin diddigin yanayin aiki na tsarin sarrafa daidaiton lantarki da na lantarki. Lokacin canzawa, tasirin tsarin yana da ƙanƙanta, kuma tsarin vane zai iya canzawa cikin sauƙi zuwa Yanayin sarrafa haɗin injina yana tabbatar da ingancin aikin tsarin sosai.
Lokacin da muka tsara da'irar hydraulic, mun sake fasalin jikin bawul ɗin sarrafa hydraulic, girman da ya dace da jikin bawul da hannun bawul, girman haɗin jikin bawul da babban bawul ɗin matsin lamba, da kuma injina Girman sandar haɗawa tsakanin bawul ɗin hydraulic da babban bawul ɗin rarraba matsin lamba iri ɗaya ne da na asali. Jikin bawul ɗin hydraulic kawai ake buƙatar a maye gurbinsa yayin shigarwa, kuma babu buƙatar canza wasu sassa. Tsarin tsarin sarrafa hydraulic gaba ɗaya yana da ƙanƙanta sosai. Dangane da riƙe tsarin haɗin gwiwa na injiniya gaba ɗaya, an ƙara tsarin sarrafa daidaiton lantarki don sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwa tare da mai sarrafa PLC don cimma ikon sarrafa haɗin gwiwa na dijital da inganta daidaiton daidaitawa na tsarin turbine vane. ; Kuma tsarin shigarwa da gyara kurakurai na tsarin yana da sauƙi sosai, wanda ke rage lokacin dakatar da sashin turbine na hydraulic, yana sauƙaƙa sauya tsarin sarrafa hydraulic na turbine na hydraulic, kuma yana da kyakkyawan ƙima mai amfani. A lokacin da ake gudanar da aikin a wurin, ma'aikatan injiniya da fasaha na tashar wutar lantarki suna kimanta tsarin sosai, kuma ana kyautata zaton za a iya amfani da shi a tsarin servo na hydraulic na gwamnan tashoshin wutar lantarki da yawa.
3.3 Tsarin software na tsarin da hanyar aiwatarwa
A cikin tsarin motar turbine mai sarrafa PLC, ana amfani da hanyar haɗin gwiwa ta dijital don cimma alaƙar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin motar jagora, kan ruwa da buɗewar motar van. Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar haɗin gwiwa ta injiniya ta gargajiya, hanyar haɗin gwiwa ta dijital tana da fa'idodin sassauƙa, Tana da fa'idodin gyara kurakurai masu sauƙi da kulawa, da kuma daidaitaccen haɗin gwiwa. Tsarin software na tsarin sarrafa motar van ya ƙunshi shirin aikin daidaitawa na tsarin, shirin algorithm na sarrafawa da shirin ganewar asali. A ƙasa za mu tattauna hanyoyin aiwatar da sassa uku na shirin bi da bi. Shirin aikin daidaitawa ya haɗa da tsarin haɗin gwiwa, tsarin fara motar van, tsarin dakatar da motar van da kuma tsarin zubar da kaya na motar van. Lokacin da tsarin ke aiki, da farko yana gano kuma yana yin hukunci game da yanayin aiki na yanzu, sannan yana fara canza software, yana aiwatar da tsarin daidaitawa mai dacewa, kuma yana ƙididdige ƙimar da aka bayar na mai bin motar van.
(1) Tsarin ƙungiya
Ta hanyar gwajin samfurin na'urar injin turbine, ana iya samun tarin maki da aka auna a saman haɗin. Ana yin kyamarar haɗin injina ta gargajiya bisa ga waɗannan maki da aka auna, kuma hanyar haɗin dijital kuma tana amfani da waɗannan maki da aka auna don zana saitin lanƙwasa haɗin gwiwa. Zaɓar wuraren da aka sani akan lanƙwasa haɗin gwiwa azaman nodes, da kuma ɗaukar hanyar haɗa layin layi na aikin binary, ana iya samun ƙimar aikin da ba nodes akan wannan layin haɗin gwiwa ba.
(2) Tsarin aiki na kamfanin Vane
Manufar nazarin dokar fara aiki ita ce rage lokacin fara aiki na na'urar, rage nauyin da ke kan abin da ke riƙe da ƙarfin turawa, da kuma ƙirƙirar yanayi mai alaƙa da grid ga na'urar janareta.
(3) Tashar karkashin hanya ta tsayawa ta vane
Ka'idojin rufewa na vanes sune kamar haka: lokacin da mai sarrafawa ya karɓi umarnin rufewa, vanes da vanes na jagora suna rufewa a lokaci guda bisa ga dangantakar haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na na'urar: lokacin da buɗewar vane na jagora ta yi ƙasa da buɗewar babu kaya, vanes suna jinkiri Lokacin da aka rufe vane na jagora a hankali, dangantakar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin vane da vane na jagora ba ta ci gaba da kasancewa ba; lokacin da saurin na'urar ya faɗi ƙasa da kashi 80% na saurin da aka kimanta, vane ɗin zai sake buɗewa zuwa kusurwar farawa Φ0, a shirye don farawa na gaba Shirya.
(4) Tsarin ƙin ɗaukar nauyin ruwa
Kin amincewa da kaya yana nufin cewa na'urar da ke da kaya ba zato ba tsammani ta katse daga layin wutar lantarki, wanda hakan ke sa na'urar da tsarin karkatar da ruwa a cikin mummunan yanayin aiki, wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da amincin tashar wutar lantarki da na'urar. Lokacin da aka zubar da kaya, mai kula da na'urar yana daidai da na'urar kariya, wanda ke sa vanan jagora da vanan rufe nan da nan har sai saurin na'urar ya faɗi zuwa kusa da kwanciyar hankali. Saboda haka, a cikin ainihin zubar da kaya, vanan galibi ana buɗe su zuwa wani kusurwa. Ana samun wannan buɗewa ta hanyar gwajin zubar da kaya na ainihin tashar wutar lantarki. Yana iya tabbatar da cewa lokacin da na'urar ke zubar da kaya, ba wai kawai ƙaruwar gudu ba ce, har ma na'urar tana da kwanciyar hankali. .
Kammalawa 4
Ganin yanayin fasaha na masana'antar sarrafa turbine na hydraulic a ƙasarmu a yanzu, wannan takarda tana nuni ga sabbin bayanai a fannin sarrafa saurin turbine na hydraulic a gida da waje, kuma tana amfani da fasahar mai sarrafa dabaru (PLC) don sarrafa saurin saitin janareta na turbine na hydraulic. Mai sarrafa shirye-shirye (PLC) shine tushen tsarin sarrafa turbine na hydraulic nau'in axial-flow paddle. Aikace-aikacen da aka yi amfani da shi ya nuna cewa tsarin yana inganta daidaiton daidaitawa tsakanin vane na jagora da vane don yanayi daban-daban na kan ruwa, kuma yana inganta yawan amfani da makamashin ruwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-11-2022
