1 Kupu Whakataki
Ko te kaiārahi tāpine tētahi o ngā taputapu whakahaere matua e rua mō ngā waeine hiko wai. Ehara i te mea ko te whakahaere tere anake tana mahi, engari ka whakahaere hoki i ngā momo huringa me te auau, te mana, te koki ā-wāhanga me ētahi atu whakahaere o ngā waeine whakaputa hiko wai, ā, ka tiaki hoki i te wira wai. Ko te mahi a te huinga whakaputa hiko. E toru ngā wāhanga whanaketanga kua paahitia e ngā kaiārahi tāpine: ngā kaiārahi waipēhi miihini, ngā kaiārahi waipēhi hiko-hiko me ngā kaiārahi waipēhi mamati rorohiko iti. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakauruhia ngā kaiwhakahaere ka taea te whakarite ki roto i ngā pūnaha whakahaere tere tāpine, he kaha te ārai-whakararuraru me te pono teitei; he ngāwari me te watea te whakarite me te whakahaere; he hanganga ā-pūrere, he pai te whānui, he ngāwari, me te watea te tiaki; he painga o te mahi whakahaere kaha me te kaha taraiwa; kua manatokohia tata nei.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka whakaarohia te rangahau mō te pūnaha whakatikatika takirua o te tāpine waipēhi PLC, ā, ka whakamahia te kaiwhakahaere hōtaka hei whakatutuki i te whakatikatika takirua o te whana ārahi me te hoe, e whakapai ake ana i te tika o te taunga o te whana ārahi me te whana mō ngā pane wai rerekē. E whakaatu ana te mahi ka whakapai ake te pūnaha whakahaere takirua i te tere whakamahinga o te pūngao wai.
2. Pūnaha whakahaere tāpine
2.1 Pūnaha whakahaere tāpine
Ko te mahi matua o te pūnaha whakahaere tere o te tāpine he whakarerekē i te whakatuwheratanga o ngā arataki o te tāpine mā te kaiārahi ina rerekē te kawenga o te pūnaha hiko, ā, ka rerekē te tere hurihuri o te waeine, kia mau tonu ai te tere hurihuri o te tāpine i roto i te awhe kua tohua, kia taea ai te whakahaere i te waeine whakaputa hiko. Ka tutuki i te mana whakaputa me te auau ngā hiahia o te kaiwhakamahi. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā mahi matua o te whakahaere tāpine ki te whakahaere tere, te whakahaere mana hohe me te whakahaere taumata wai.
2.2 Te mātāpono o te whakahaere i te tāpine
Ko te waeine whakaputa-wai he waeine i hangaia mā te hono i te hau-tūpine me te whakaputa. Ko te wāhanga hurihuri o te huinga whakaputa-wai he tinana mārō e hurihuri ana i te tuaka pumau, ā, ka taea te whakaahua i tōna whārite mā te whārite e whai ake nei:
I roto i te tātai
——Te wā o te korekore o te wāhanga hurihuri o te waeine (Kg m2)
——Te tere koki hurihuri (rad/s)
——Te taipana o te tāpoi (N/m), tae atu ki ngā mate pūkaha me ngā mate hiko o te whakaputa hiko.
——Ko te taipana ātete o te whakaputa hiko, e pā ana ki te taipana mahi o te stator whakaputa hiko i runga i te rotor, ko tōna ahunga he ritenga kē ki te ahunga hurihuri, ā, e tohu ana i te putanga mana hohe o te whakaputa hiko, arā, te rahi o te kawenga.
Ina huri te kawenga, ka noho tonu te whakatuwheratanga o te arataki ārahi, ā, ka taea tonu te whakau i te tere o te waeine ki tētahi uara kua whakaritea. Nā te mea ka rerekē te tere mai i te uara kua whakaritea, kāore e ranea te whakawhirinaki ki te kaha whakatikatika-whaiaro hei pupuri i te tere. Hei pupuri i te tere o te waeine ki te uara kua whakaritea taketake i muri i te hurihanga o te kawenga, ka kitea i te Pikitia 1 me huri te whakatuwheratanga o te arataki ārahi. Ina heke te kawenga, ina huri te taipana ātete mai i te 1 ki te 2, ka whakaitihia te whakatuwheratanga o te arataki ārahi ki te 1, ā, ka mau tonu te tere o te waeine. Nō reira, me te hurihanga o te kawenga, ka huri te whakatuwheratanga o te tikanga ārahi wai, kia mau tonu ai te tere o te waeine whakaputa-wai ki tētahi uara kua whakaritea, ka huri rānei i runga i te ture kua whakaritea. Ko tēnei tukanga ko te whakatikatika tere o te waeine whakaputa-wai, te whakahaere tāpine rānei.
3. Pūnaha whakatikatika takirua tāpine waipēhi PLC
Ko te kaiwhakahaere tāpine te mea hei whakahaere i te whakatuwheratanga o ngā vane ārahi wai hei whakarite i te rere ki roto i te oma o te tāpine, kia rerekē ai te taipana hihiri o te tāpine me te whakahaere i te auau o te waeine tāpine. Heoi, i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te tāpine hoe hurihuri rere-axial, me whakarite e te kaiwhakahaere te whakatuwheratanga o ngā vane ārahi anake, engari me whakarite hoki i te koki o ngā mata o te oma kia rite ki te whiu me te uara o te pane wai o te whāia o te vane ārahi, kia hono ai te vane ārahi me te vane. Kia mau tonu te whanaungatanga mahi tahi i waenganui i a rāua, arā, he whanaungatanga taunga, ka taea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te tāpine, te whakaiti i te pakaru o te mata me te wiri o te waeine, me te whakarei ake i te pumau o te mahi a te tāpine.
Ko te taputapu o te pūnaha whana turbine whakahaere PLC e rua ngā wāhanga matua, arā, ko te kaiwhakahaere PLC me te pūnaha servo waipēhi. Tuatahi, me matapaki tātou i te hanganga taputapu o te kaiwhakahaere PLC.
3.1 Kaiwhakahaere PLC
Ko te nuinga o te mana whakahaere PLC he mea hanga mai i te waeine tāuru, te waeine taketake PLC, me te waeine putanga. Ko te waeine tāuru he mea hanga mai i te kōwae A/D me te kōwae tāuru matihiko, ā, ko te waeine putanga he mea hanga mai i te kōwae D/A me te kōwae tāuru matihiko. Kei te mana whakahaere PLC he whakaaturanga matihiko LED hei tirotiro i ngā tawhā PID pūnaha, te tūnga o te kaiwhai vane, te tūnga o te kaiwhai vane ārahi, me te uara o te pane wai. Kei te whakaratohia hoki he mita ngaohiko anaro hei aroturuki i te tūnga o te kaiwhai vane mēnā ka rahua te mana whakahaere rorohiko iti.
3.2 Pūnaha whai-ake waipēhi
He wāhanga nui te pūnaha servo waipēhi o te pūnaha whakahaere vane turbine. Ka whakanuia te tohu putanga o te kaiwhakahaere mā te waipēhi hei whakahaere i te nekehanga o te pee vane, kia rite ai te koki o ngā mata o te oma. I whakamahia e mātou te whakakotahitanga o te pūnaha whakahaere hiko-waipēhi momo vane pehanga matua whakahaere takirere taurite me te pūnaha whakahaere mīhini-waipēhi tuku iho hei hanga i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere waipēhi whakarara o te takirere taurite hiko-waipēhi me te takirere mīhini-waipēhi e whakaatuhia ana i te Pikitia 2. Pūnaha aroturuki waipēhi mō ngā mata turbine.
Pūnaha whai-ake waipēhi mō ngā mata tāpine
Ina he rite tonu te mana whakahaere PLC, te takirere ā-irahiko-waipēhi me te pūoko tūnga, ka whakamahia te tikanga mana whakahaere ā-irahiko-waipēhi PLC hei whakarite i te pūnaha vane turbine, ka tukuna te uara urupare tūnga me te uara putanga mana e ngā tohu hiko, ā, ka hangaia ngā tohu e te mana whakahaere PLC. , ka tukatukahia me te whakatau, ka whakarite i te whakatuwheratanga o te takirere o te takirere tohatoha pēhanga matua mā te takirere ā-irahiko hei whakahaere i te tūnga o te kaiwhaiwhai vane, me te pupuri i te whanaungatanga mahi tahi i waenga i te vane ārahi, te pane wai me te vane. Ko te pūnaha vane turbine e whakahaerehia ana e te takirere ā-irahiko-waipēhi he tino tika te mahi tahi, he hanganga pūnaha ngāwari, he kaha te ātete ki te poke hinu, ā, he watea ki te hono atu ki te mana whakahaere PLC hei hanga i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere aunoa rorohiko iti.
Nā te pupuri o te tikanga hononga ā-mīhini, i roto i te aratau whakahaere ā-irahiko-waipēhi, ka mahi tahi hoki te tikanga hononga ā-mīhini ki te aroturuki i te āhua whakahaere o te pūnaha. Mēnā ka rahua te pūnaha whakahaere ā-irahiko-waipēhi PLC, ka mahi tonu te takirere whakawhiti, ā, ka taea e te tikanga hononga ā-mīhini te aroturuki i te āhua whakahaere o te pūnaha whakahaere ā-irahiko-waipēhi. I te wā e whakawhiti ana, he iti te pānga o te pūnaha, ā, ka taea e te pūnaha vane te neke maeneene ki te aratau whakahaere hononga ā-mīhini, he tino whakapūmau i te pono o te mahi a te pūnaha.
I te wā i hangaia ai e mātou te ara iahiko waipēhi, i hangaia anō e mātou te tinana takirere o te takirere whakahaere waipēhi, te rahi ōrite o te tinana takirere me te ringaringa takirere, te rahi hononga o te tinana takirere me te takirere pēhanga matua, me te rahi miihini. Ko te rahi o te tokotoko hono i waenga i te takirere waipēhi me te takirere tohatoha pēhanga matua he rite ki te mea taketake. Ko te tinana takirere anake o te takirere waipēhi me whakakapi i te wā tāutanga, ā, kāore he wāhanga kē atu e hiahiatia ana kia hurihia. He tino kiato te hanganga o te pūnaha whakahaere waipēhi katoa. I runga i te pupuri katoa i te tikanga mahi tahi miihini, ka tāpirihia he tikanga whakahaere ōwehenga hiko-waipēhi hei whakahaere i te atanga ki te kaiwhakahaere PLC kia tutuki ai te whakahaere mahi tahi mamati me te whakapai ake i te tika o te whakaritenga o te pūnaha vane turbine. ; Ā, he tino ngāwari te tukanga tāutanga me te patuiro o te pūnaha, e whakapoto ana i te wā whakaweto o te waeine turbine waipēhi, e whakahaere ana i te whakawhiti o te pūnaha whakahaere waipēhi o te turbine waipēhi, ā, he uara mahi pai. I te wā e whakahaerehia ana i te papaanga, ka tino arotakehia te pūnaha e ngā kaimahi hangarau me te hangarau o te teihana hiko, ā, e whakaponohia ana ka taea te whakatairanga me te whakamahi i roto i te pūnaha servo waipēhi o te kawana o te maha o ngā teihana hiko waipēhi.
3.3 Te hanganga pūmanawa pūnaha me te tikanga whakatinanatanga
I roto i te pūnaha whana turbine e whakahaerehia ana e te PLC, ka whakamahia te tikanga mahi tahi mamati hei whakatutuki i te whanaungatanga mahi tahi i waenga i ngā whana ārahi, te pane wai me te whakatuwheratanga o te whana. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tikanga mahi tahi miihini tuku iho, he pai ngā painga o te tikanga mahi tahi mamati, arā, he ngāwari te tapahi i ngā tawhā, he watea te patuiro me te tiaki, me te tino tika o te hononga. Ko te hanganga pūmanawa o te pūnaha whakahaere whana te nuinga o te hanganga o te kaupapa mahi whakatikatika pūnaha, te kaupapa rauropi whakahaere me te kaupapa tātaritanga. Kei raro nei ka matapakihia e mātou ngā tikanga whakatinanatanga o ngā wāhanga e toru o runga ake nei o te kaupapa. Ko te kaupapa mahi whakatikatika kei roto ko te kaupapa iti o te mahi tahi, te kaupapa iti o te tīmatanga o te whana, te kaupapa iti o te whakamutu i te whana me te kaupapa iti o te whakahekenga kawenga o te whana. Ina mahi te pūnaha, ka tautuhia tuatahitia e ia te āhua mahi o nāianei, kātahi ka tīmata i te pana pūmanawa, ka whakahaere i te kaupapa iti o te mahi whakatikatika e rite ana, ā, ka tatau i te uara tūranga kua hoatuhia o te whāngai whana.
(1) Te mahi iti o te hononga
Mā te whakamātautau tauira o te waeine tāpine, ka taea te tiki i tētahi puranga o ngā pūwāhi ine i runga i te mata hononga. Ka hangaia te kāmera hononga miihini tuku iho i runga i ēnei pūwāhi ine, ā, ka whakamahia hoki e te tikanga hononga matihiko ēnei pūwāhi ine hei tuhi i tētahi huinga o ngā kōpiko hononga. Mā te tīpako i ngā pūwāhi e mōhiotia ana i runga i te kōpiko hononga hei pūnga, me te tango i te tikanga o te whakawehewehenga rārangi wahi o te mahi rua, ka taea te tiki i te uara mahi o ngā kore-pūnga i runga i tēnei rārangi o te hononga.
(2) Te mahi tīmatanga o te vane
Ko te kaupapa o te ako i te ture tīmatanga he whakapoto i te wā tīmatanga o te waeine, he whakaiti i te kawenga o te peera pana, me te waihanga i ngā āhuatanga hono whatunga mō te waeine whakaputa hiko.
(3) Te mahi iti o te aukati vane
Ko ngā ture katinga o ngā whana e whai ake nei: ina whiwhi te kaiwhakahaere i te whakahau whakaweto, ka katia ngā whana me ngā whana ārahi i te wā kotahi e ai ki te hononga mahi tahi hei whakarite i te pumau o te waeine: ina iti iho te whakatuwheratanga o te whana ārahi i te whakatuwheratanga kore-uta, ka whakaroa ngā whana. Ina katia mārire te whana ārahi, kāore e mau tonu te hononga mahi tahi i waenga i te whana me te whana ārahi; ina heke te tere o te waeine i raro i te 80% o te tere kua whakatauria, ka whakatuwheratia anō te whana ki te koki tīmatanga Φ0, kia rite ai mō te tīmatanga e whai ake nei. Whakaritea.
(4) Te mahi ā-iti mō te whakakore i te kawenga mata
Ko te whakakorenga kawenga ko te tikanga ka momotu ohorere te waeine me te kawenga mai i te whatunga hiko, ka noho te waeine me te pūnaha whakawhiti wai i roto i te āhua mahi kino, e pā tika ana ki te haumaru o te tipu hiko me te waeine. Ina tukuna te kawenga, ka rite te kaiārahi ki te taputapu tiaki, e kati tonu ai ngā vane ārahi me ngā vane kia heke te tere o te waeine ki te tata ki te tere kua tohua. pumau. Nō reira, i roto i te whakahekenga kawenga tuturu, ka whakatuwheratia ngā vane ki tētahi koki. Ka whiwhihia tēnei whakatuwheratanga mā te whakamātautau whakahekenga kawenga o te teihana hiko tuturu. Ka taea e ia te whakarite ina tukuna e te waeine te kawenga, ehara i te mea he iti noa te pikinga tere, engari he pumau hoki te waeine.
4 Whakamutunga
I runga i te āhua hangarau o nāianei o te umanga kaiārahi tāpine waipēhi o tōku whenua, e pā ana tēnei pepa ki ngā mōhiotanga hou i roto i te mara o te whakahaere tere tāpine waipēhi i te kāinga me tāwāhi, ā, e whakamahi ana i te hangarau kaiwhakahaere arorau hōtaka (PLC) ki te whakahaere tere o te huinga whakaputa tāpine waipēhi. Ko te kaiwhakahaere hōtaka (PLC) te uho o te pūnaha whakahaere-rua tāpine waipēhi momo hoe rere-tuaka. Ko te tono mahi e whakaatu ana ka tino whakapai ake te kaupapa i te tika o te taunga i waenga i te vane ārahi me te vane mō ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te pane wai, ā, ka whakapai ake i te tere whakamahinga o te pūngao wai.
Te wā tuku: 11-Pepuere-2022
