1 Isingeniso
I-Turbine governor ingenye yemishini emibili emikhulu yokulawula amayunithi kagesi wamanzi. Ayigcini nje ngokudlala indima yokulawula isivinini, kodwa futhi ithatha nezimo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ukuguqulwa kanye nokuvama, amandla, i-phase angle kanye nokunye ukulawula amayunithi akhiqiza ugesi wamanzi futhi ivikela isondo lamanzi. Umsebenzi wesethi yejeneretha. Ama-Turbine governor adlule ezigabeni ezintathu zentuthuko: ama-hydraulic governor emishini, ama-electro-hydraulic governor kanye nama-microcomputer digital hydraulic governor. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abalawuli abahlelekayo bangeniswe ezinhlelweni zokulawula isivinini se-turbine, ezinekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu; ukuhlela nokusebenza okulula nokulula; isakhiwo se-modular, ukuguquguquka okuhle, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokugcinwa okulula; Inezinzuzo zomsebenzi wokulawula oqinile kanye nekhono lokushayela; sekuqinisekisiwe cishe.
Kuleli phepha, kuphakanyiswa ucwaningo ngohlelo lokulungiswa kwe-turbine ye-hydraulic ye-PLC, futhi isilawuli esingahlelwa sisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukulungiswa okubili kwe-vane yomhlahlandlela kanye ne-paddle, okuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuxhumana kwe-vane yomhlahlandlela kanye ne-vane yezinhloko zamanzi ezahlukene. Umkhuba ubonisa ukuthi uhlelo lokulawula okubili luthuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla amanzi.
2. Uhlelo lokulawula i-turbine
2.1 Uhlelo lokulawula i-turbine
Umsebenzi oyisisekelo wohlelo lokulawula isivinini se-turbine ukushintsha ukuvulwa kwama-guide vanes e-turbine ngokufanele ngokusebenzisa i-governor lapho umthwalo wohlelo lwamandla ushintsha futhi ijubane lokujikeleza leyunithi liphambuka, ukuze ijubane lokujikeleza le-turbine ligcinwe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obubekiwe, ukuze iyunithi yejeneretha isebenze. Amandla okukhipha kanye nemvamisa kuhlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzisi. Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yokulawulwa kwe-turbine ingahlukaniswa ngokulawulwa kwesivinini, ukulawulwa kwamandla asebenzayo kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga lamanzi.
2.2 Isimiso sokulawulwa kwe-turbine
Iyunithi ye-hydro-generator iyiyunithi eyakhiwe ngokuxhuma i-hydro-turbine kanye ne-generator. Ingxenye ejikelezayo yesethi ye-hydro-generator iyindikimba eqinile ejikeleza i-axis eqondile, futhi i-equation yayo ingachazwa nge-equation elandelayo:
Kufomula
——Umzuzu wokungabi namandla kwengxenye ejikelezayo yeyunithi (Kg m2)
——Ijubane le-angular lokujikeleza (i-rad/s)
——I-torque ye-turbine (N/m), okuhlanganisa nokulahlekelwa kwemishini kanye nogesi kwejeneretha.
——I-torque yokumelana nejeneretha, ebhekisela ku-torque esebenzayo ye-stator yejeneretha ku-rotor, isiqondiso sayo siphambene nesiqondiso sokuzungeza, futhi simelela ukuphuma kwamandla asebenzayo kwejeneretha, okungukuthi, ubukhulu bomthwalo.
Uma umthwalo ushintsha, ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane kuhlala kungashintshi, futhi ijubane leyunithi lisengaqiniswa ngenani elithile. Ngenxa yokuthi ijubane lizohluka enanini elilinganisiwe, akwanele ukuthembela ekhonweni lokulungisa ukuzilinganisela ukuze kulondolozwe ijubane. Ukuze kugcinwe ijubane leyunithi ngenani elilinganisiwe lokuqala ngemva kokushintsha komthwalo, kungabonakala kuMfanekiso 1 ukuthi kuyadingeka ukushintsha ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane ngokufanele. Lapho umthwalo wehla, lapho i-resistance torque ishintsha kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-2, ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane kuzoncishiswa kube ngu-1, futhi ijubane leyunithi lizogcinwa. Ngakho-ke, ngokushintsha komthwalo, ukuvulwa kwendlela yokuqondisa amanzi kuyashintshwa ngokufanele, ukuze ijubane leyunithi ye-hydro-generator ligcinwe ngenani elilinganisiwe, noma lishintshe ngokomthetho olinganisiwe. Le nqubo iwukulungiswa kwejubane leyunithi ye-hydro-generator. , noma umthethonqubo we-turbine.
3. Uhlelo lokulungisa oluphindwe kabili lwe-PLC hydraulic turbine
Umphathi we-turbine kumele alawule ukuvulwa kwama-vane okuqondisa amanzi ukuze alungise ukugeleza ku-runner ye-turbine, ngaleyo ndlela ashintshe i-torque enamandla ye-turbine futhi alawule imvamisa yeyunithi ye-turbine. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-axial-flow rotary paddle turbine, umlawuli akufanele alungise kuphela ukuvulwa kwama-vane okuqondisa, kodwa futhi alungise i-engeli yama-runner blades ngokuya nge-stroke kanye nenani lekhanda lamanzi lomlandeli we-guide vane, ukuze i-guide vane kanye ne-vane kuxhunywe. Gcina ubudlelwano bokubambisana phakathi kwabo, okungukuthi, ubudlelwano bokuxhumana, obungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-turbine, bunciphise ukugoba kwe-blade kanye nokudlidliza kweyunithi, futhi buthuthukise ukuzinza kokusebenza kwe-turbine.
Ihadiwe yesistimu ye-vane ye-turbine yokulawula i-PLC yakhiwe kakhulu izingxenye ezimbili, okungukuthi isilawuli se-PLC kanye nesistimu ye-servo ye-hydraulic. Okokuqala, ake sixoxe ngesakhiwo sehadiwe sesilawuli se-PLC.
Isilawuli se-PLC esingu-3.1
Isilawuli se-PLC sakhiwe kakhulu yiyunithi yokufaka, iyunithi eyisisekelo ye-PLC kanye neyunithi yokukhipha. Iyunithi yokufaka yakhiwe yimodyuli ye-A/D kanye nemodyuli yokufaka yedijithali, kanti iyunithi yokukhipha yakhiwe yimodyuli ye-D/A kanye nemodyuli yokufaka yedijithali. Isilawuli se-PLC sihlonyiswe ngesibonisi sedijithali se-LED sokubuka ngesikhathi sangempela amapharamitha e-PID yesistimu, isikhundla somlandeli we-vane, isikhundla somlandeli we-vane oqondisayo kanye nenani lekhanda lamanzi. Kuphinde kuhlinzekwe i-voltmeter ye-analog ukuqapha isikhundla somlandeli we-vane uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka komlawuli we-microcomputer.
3.2 Uhlelo lokulandelela lwe-hydraulic
Uhlelo lwe-hydraulic servo luyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokulawula i-turbine vane. Isignali yokuphuma yesilawuli ikhuliswa ngamandla kagesi ukulawula ukunyakaza komlandeli we-vane, ngaleyo ndlela ilungisa i-engeli yama-runner blades. Samukele inhlanganisela yesistimu yokulawula i-valve ehambisanayo yohlobo lwe-electro-hydraulic control main pressure valve kanye nesistimu yokulawula yendabuko yomshini-hydraulic ukwakha uhlelo lokulawula i-hydraulic oluhambisanayo lwe-electro-hydraulic proportional valve kanye ne-machine-hydraulic valve njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Uhlelo lokulandelela i-hydraulic lwama-turbine blades.
Uhlelo lokulandelela lwe-hydraulic lwama-turbine blades
Uma isilawuli se-PLC, i-valve ehambisanayo ye-electro-hydraulic kanye ne-sensor yesikhundla konke kujwayelekile, indlela yokulawula ehambisanayo ye-PLC electro-hydraulic isetshenziselwa ukulungisa uhlelo lwe-turbine vane, inani lempendulo yesikhundla kanye nenani lokukhipha lokulawula lidluliselwa ngamasignali kagesi, futhi amasignali akhiqizwa yi-PLC controller. , ukucubungula nokwenza izinqumo, lungisa ukuvulwa kwe-valve ye-valve yokusabalalisa ingcindezi eyinhloko nge-valve ehambisanayo ukulawula indawo yomlandeli we-vane, nokugcina ubudlelwano bokubambisana phakathi kwe-vane eqondisayo, ikhanda lamanzi kanye ne-vane. Uhlelo lwe-turbine vane olulawulwa yi-valve ehambisanayo ye-electro-hydraulic lunokunemba okuphezulu kokubambisana, isakhiwo sesistimu esilula, ukumelana okuqinile kokungcola kukawoyela, futhi kulula ukuxhumana ne-PLC controller ukwakha uhlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo lwe-microcomputer.
Ngenxa yokugcinwa kwendlela yokuxhumanisa ngomshini, kwimodi yokulawula ngokulingana kwe-electro-hydraulic, indlela yokuxhumanisa ngomshini nayo isebenza ngokuvumelanayo ukulandelela isimo sokusebenza kwesistimu. Uma uhlelo lokulawula ngokulingana lwe-PLC electro-hydraulic luhluleka, i-switching valve izosebenza ngokushesha, futhi indlela yokuxhumanisa ngomshini ingakwazi ukulandelela ngokuyisisekelo isimo sokusebenza kwesistimu yokulawula ngokulingana kwe-electro-hydraulic. Uma ushintsha, umthelela wesistimu mncane, futhi uhlelo lwe-vane lungashintshela kalula ku-Imodi yokulawula yokuhlangana ngomshini iqinisekisa kakhulu ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwesistimu.
Lapho siklama isekethe ye-hydraulic, saklama kabusha umzimba we-valve ye-hydraulic control valve, usayizi ofanayo womzimba we-valve kanye ne-valve ye-valve, usayizi wokuxhumeka womzimba we-valve kanye ne-valve yokucindezela eyinhloko, kanye nomshini. Usayizi wenduku yokuxhuma phakathi kwe-valve ye-hydraulic kanye ne-valve yokusabalalisa ingcindezi eyinhloko ufana nowokuqala. Umzimba we-valve we-valve ye-hydraulic kuphela odinga ukushintshwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa, futhi azikho ezinye izingxenye ezidinga ukushintshwa. Isakhiwo sohlelo lonke lokulawula i-hydraulic sincane kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe ekugcineni ngokuphelele kwendlela yokuvumelanisa i-mechanical, kufakwe indlela yokulawula ehambisanayo ye-electro-hydraulic ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisana nesilawuli se-PLC ukuze kufezwe ukulawula kwe-digital synergy futhi kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokuxhumana kohlelo lwe-turbine vane. ; Futhi inqubo yokufaka nokulungisa iphutha lohlelo ilula kakhulu, efinyeza isikhathi sokungasebenzi kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine, yenza kube lula ukuguqulwa kohlelo lokulawula i-hydraulic lwe-turbine ye-hydraulic, futhi inenani elihle elisebenzayo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwangempela endaweni, uhlelo luhlolwa kakhulu ngabasebenzi bobunjiniyela kanye nobuchwepheshe besiteshi sikagesi, futhi kukholakala ukuthi lungenziwa luthandwe futhi lusetshenziswe ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic servo lombusi weziteshi eziningi zikagesi wamanzi.
3.3 Isakhiwo sesofthiwe yesistimu kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa
Kuhlelo lwe-turbine vane olulawulwa yi-PLC, indlela yokusebenzisana kwedijithali isetshenziselwa ukuqaphela ubudlelwano bokusebenzisana phakathi kwama-guide vanes, ikhanda lamanzi kanye nokuvulwa kwe-vane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yendabuko yokusebenzisana kwemishini, indlela yokusebenzisana kwedijithali inezinzuzo zokusika amapharamitha kalula, Inezinzuzo zokulungisa amaphutha nokugcinwa okulula, kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kokuxhumana. Isakhiwo sesofthiwe sohlelo lokulawula i-vane sakhiwe kakhulu uhlelo lomsebenzi wokulungisa uhlelo, uhlelo lwe-algorithm yokulawula kanye nohlelo lokuxilonga. Ngezansi sixoxa ngezindlela zokufeza izingxenye ezintathu ezingenhla zohlelo ngokulandelana. Uhlelo lomsebenzi wokulungisa luhlanganisa ikakhulukazi i-subroutine ye-synergy, i-subroutine yokuqala i-vane, i-subroutine yokumisa i-vane kanye ne-subroutine yokulahla umthwalo we-vane. Lapho uhlelo lusebenza, luqala lubone futhi lwahlulele isimo sokusebenza samanje, bese luqala ukushintsha kwesofthiwe, lusebenzise i-subroutine yomsebenzi wokulungisa ohambisanayo, futhi lubala isikhundla esinikeziwe somlandeli we-vane.
(1) Inqubo encane yenhlangano
Ngokusebenzisa isivivinyo semodeli seyunithi ye-turbine, kungatholakala inqwaba yamaphuzu alinganisiwe ebusweni bejoyinti. I-cam yejoyinti yendabuko yemishini yenziwa ngokusekelwe kula maphuzu alinganisiwe, futhi indlela yejoyinti yedijithali isebenzisa la maphuzu alinganisiwe ukudweba isethi yama-curve ahlangene. Ukukhetha amaphuzu aziwayo ku-association curve njengama-node, nokwamukela indlela yokuhlanganiswa okuqondile komsebenzi we-binary, inani lomsebenzi lama-non-node kulo mugqa we-association lingatholakala.
(2) Uhlelo oluncane lokuqalisa i-Vane
Inhloso yokufunda umthetho wokuqalisa iyunithi ukufinyeza isikhathi sokuqalisa iyunithi, ukunciphisa umthwalo we-thrust bearing, nokudala izimo ezixhunywe ngegridi zeyunithi yokukhiqiza.
(3) I-subroutine yokuma kwe-Vane
Imithetho yokuvala ama-vane imi kanje: lapho isilawuli sithola umyalo wokuvala, ama-vane kanye nama-guide vanes avaliwe ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokobudlelwano bokubambisana ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kweyunithi: lapho ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane kungaphansi kokuvulwa okungenamthwalo, ama-vane ayancipha Lapho i-guide vane ivaliwe kancane, ubuhlobo bokubambisana phakathi kwe-vane kanye ne-guide vane abusekho; lapho isivinini seyunithi sehla ngaphansi kwama-80% wejubane elilinganiselwe, i-vane ivulwa kabusha ibe yi-angle yokuqala engu-Φ0, ilungele ukuqala okulandelayo Lungiselela.
(4) Inqubo yokwenqaba umthwalo we-blade
Ukwenqatshwa komthwalo kusho ukuthi iyunithi enomthwalo inqanyulwa ngokuzumayo kugridi yamandla, okwenza iyunithi kanye nohlelo lokuphambukisa amanzi kube sesimweni esibi sokusebenza, okuhlobene ngqo nokuphepha kwesitshalo samandla kanye neyunithi. Lapho umthwalo uchitheka, i-governor ilingana nedivayisi yokuvikela, eyenza ama-vane aqondisayo nama-vane avale ngokushesha kuze kube yilapho isivinini seyunithi sehla eduze kokuqina kwesivinini esilinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke, ekuchithekeni komthwalo wangempela, ama-vane ngokuvamile avulwa nge-engeli ethile. Lokhu kuvulwa kutholakala ngokuhlolwa kokuchitheka komthwalo kwesiteshi samandla sangempela. Kungaqinisekisa ukuthi lapho iyunithi ichitha umthwalo, hhayi nje kuphela ukwanda kwesivinini kuncane, kodwa futhi neyunithi izinzile.
4 Isiphetho
Ngenxa yesimo samanje sobuchwepheshe embonini ye-hydraulic turbine governor yezwe lami, leli phepha libhekisela olwazini olusha emkhakheni wokulawulwa kwesivinini se-hydraulic turbine ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, futhi lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-logic controller (PLC) ekulawulweni kwesivinini kwesethi yejeneretha ye-hydraulic turbine. Isilawuli sohlelo (PLC) siyisisekelo sohlelo lwe-hydraulic turbine dual-regulation lwe-axial-flow paddle. Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kukhombisa ukuthi uhlelo luthuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokuxhumana phakathi kwe-guide vane ne-vane ngezimo ezahlukene zekhanda lamanzi, futhi luthuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla amanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-11-2022
