1 Chiyambi
Gavana wa turbine ndi chimodzi mwa zida ziwiri zazikulu zowongolera mayunitsi amagetsi amadzi. Sikuti imangogwira ntchito yowongolera liwiro, komanso imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana posintha ndi kusinthasintha, mphamvu, ngodya ya gawo ndi kuwongolera kwina kwa mayunitsi opanga magetsi amadzi ndikuteteza gudumu lamadzi. Ntchito ya jenereta. Gavana wa turbine adutsa magawo atatu a chitukuko: magavana a hydraulic amakina, magavana a electro-hydraulic ndi magavana a hydraulic a digito a microcomputer. M'zaka zaposachedwa, owongolera mapulogalamu ayambitsidwa mu machitidwe owongolera liwiro la turbine, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zolimba zotsutsana ndi kusokoneza komanso kudalirika kwakukulu; mapulogalamu ndi ntchito zosavuta komanso zosavuta; kapangidwe ka modular, kusinthasintha kwabwino, kusinthasintha, ndi kukonza kosavuta; Ili ndi ubwino wa ntchito yowongolera mwamphamvu komanso kuthekera koyendetsa; yatsimikiziridwa pafupifupi.
Mu pepalali, kafukufuku wokhudza makina osinthira ma hydraulic turbine a PLC akuperekedwa, ndipo chowongolera chomwe chingakonzedwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chikwaniritse kusintha kwa ma guide vane ndi paddle, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma guide vane ndi ma vane azigwirizana bwino pamitu yosiyanasiyana yamadzi. Machitidwe akuwonetsa kuti makina owongolera awiriwa amawongolera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamadzi.
2. Dongosolo lolamulira la Turbine
2.1 Dongosolo lolamulira makina oyendera magetsi
Ntchito yaikulu ya makina owongolera liwiro la turbine ndikusintha kutseguka kwa ma vane otsogolera a turbine moyenerera kudzera mwa gavana pamene katundu wa makina amagetsi asintha ndipo liwiro lozungulira la chipangizocho lasintha, kotero kuti liwiro lozungulira la turbine lisungidwe mkati mwa mulingo womwe watchulidwa, kuti chipangizo cha jenereta chigwire ntchito. Mphamvu yotulutsa ndi ma frequency zikwaniritse zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito. Ntchito zazikulu za makina owongolera liwiro zitha kugawidwa m'magulu owongolera liwiro, malamulo amphamvu yogwira ntchito komanso malamulo a kuchuluka kwa madzi.
2.2 Mfundo yoyendetsera makina oyendera magetsi
Chipinda cha hydro-generator ndi chipangizo chomwe chimapangidwa polumikiza hydro-turbine ndi jenereta. Gawo lozungulira la seti ya hydro-generator ndi thupi lolimba lomwe limazungulira mozungulira mzere wokhazikika, ndipo equation yake ikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi equation iyi:
Mu fomula
——Nthawi ya kulephera kwa gawo lozungulira la unit (Kg m2)
——Liwiro la angular lozungulira (rad/s)
——Tokometi ya turbine (N/m), kuphatikizapo kutayika kwa makina ndi magetsi a jenereta.
——Toko yolimbana ndi jenereta, yomwe imatanthauza torque yogwira ntchito ya stator ya jenereta pa rotor, njira yake ndi yosiyana ndi njira yozungulira, ndipo imayimira mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya jenereta, ndiko kuti, kukula kwa katundu.
Pamene katundu wasintha, kutsegula kwa guide vane sikunasinthe, ndipo liwiro la unit likhoza kukhazikika pamtengo winawake. Chifukwa liwiro lidzasiyana ndi mtengo woyesedwa, sikokwanira kudalira luso lodziwongolera lokha kuti lisunge liwiro. Kuti liwiro la unit likhalebe pamtengo woyesedwa woyamba katundu atasintha, zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pa Chithunzi 1 kuti ndikofunikira kusintha kutsegula kwa guide vane moyenerera. Pamene katundu wachepa, pamene mphamvu yotsutsa isintha kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 2, kutsegula kwa guide vane kudzachepetsedwa kufika pa 1, ndipo liwiro la unit lidzasungidwa. Chifukwa chake, ndi kusintha kwa katundu, kutsegula kwa njira yowongolera madzi kumasinthidwa mofanana, kotero kuti liwiro la unit ya hydro-generator lisungidwe pamtengo wokonzedweratu, kapena kusintha malinga ndi lamulo lokonzedweratu. Njirayi ndi kusintha kwa liwiro la unit ya hydro-generator. , kapena malamulo a turbine.
3. Dongosolo losinthira ma turbine a hydraulic PLC
Woyang'anira turbine ayenera kulamulira kutseguka kwa ma vane otsogolera madzi kuti asinthe kayendedwe ka madzi kulowa mu runner ya turbine, potero kusintha mphamvu ya turbine ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa turbine unit. Komabe, panthawi yogwira ntchito ya axial-flow rotary paddle turbine, woyang'anira sayenera kungosintha kutseguka kwa ma vane otsogolera, komanso kusintha ngodya ya masamba othamanga malinga ndi stroke ndi mtengo wamadzi wa wotsatira wa vane otsogolera, kuti vane otsogolera ndi vane zilumikizane. Sungani ubale wogwirizana pakati pawo, ndiko kuti, ubale wogwirizana, womwe ungawongolere magwiridwe antchito a turbine, kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa tsamba ndi kugwedezeka kwa unit, ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito a turbine.
Zipangizo za PLC control turbine vane system makamaka zimapangidwa ndi magawo awiri, omwe ndi PLC controller ndi hydraulic servo system. Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane za kapangidwe ka hardware ka PLC controller.
Wolamulira wa PLC wa 3.1
Chowongolera cha PLC chimapangidwa makamaka ndi gawo lolowera, gawo loyambira la PLC ndi gawo lotulutsa. Gawo lolowera limapangidwa ndi gawo la A/D ndi gawo lolowera la digito, ndipo gawo lotulutsa limapangidwa ndi gawo la D/A ndi gawo lolowera la digito. Chowongolera cha PLC chili ndi chiwonetsero cha digito cha LED kuti chiziwona nthawi yeniyeni magawo a PID a dongosolo, malo otsatira vane, malo otsatira vane otsogolera ndi mtengo wa mutu wamadzi. Palinso voltmeter ya analog yoperekedwa kuti iwunikire malo otsatira vane ngati chowongolera cha microcomputer chalephera.
3.2 Dongosolo lotsata la hydraulic
Dongosolo la hydraulic servo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo lowongolera vane ya turbine. Chizindikiro chotulutsa cha chowongolera chimakulitsidwa ndi hydraulic kuti chiwongolere kayendedwe ka follower ya vane, potero kusintha ngodya ya masamba othamanga. Tinagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa proportional valve control main pressure valve type electro-hydraulic control system ndi traditional machine-hydraulic control system kuti tipange parallel hydraulic control system ya electro-hydraulic proportional valve ndi machine-hydraulic valve monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 2. Hydraulic follow-up system ya masamba a turbine.
Dongosolo lotsata la hydraulic la masamba a turbine
Pamene chowongolera cha PLC, valavu yofananira ya electro-hydraulic ndi sensor ya malo zonse zili bwino, njira yowongolera ya PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha dongosolo la vane ya turbine, phindu la mayankho a malo ndi phindu lotulutsa limatumizidwa ndi zizindikiro zamagetsi, ndipo zizindikirozo zimapangidwa ndi chowongolera cha PLC. , kukonza ndi kupanga zisankho, sinthani kutsegula kwa valavu yayikulu yogawa kupanikizika kudzera mu valavu yofananira kuti muwongolere malo a wotsatira wa vane, ndikusunga ubale wogwirizana pakati pa vane yotsogolera, mutu wamadzi ndi vane. Dongosolo la vane ya turbine lolamulidwa ndi valavu yofananira ya electro-hydraulic lili ndi kulondola kwakukulu kwa mgwirizano, kapangidwe kosavuta ka dongosolo, kukana kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta, ndipo ndikosavuta kulumikizana ndi chowongolera cha PLC kuti apange dongosolo lowongolera lokha la microcomputer.
Chifukwa cha kusunga kwa makina olumikizirana a makina, mu electro-hydraulic proportional control mode, makina olumikizirana a makina amagwiranso ntchito mofanana kuti atsatire momwe makinawo akugwirira ntchito. Ngati makina olamulira a PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control system alephera, valavu yosinthira imagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo, ndipo makina olumikizirana a makina amatha kutsatira momwe makina oyendetsera magetsi a electro-hydraulic proportional control system akugwirira ntchito. Mukasintha, kukhudza kwa makina kumakhala kochepa, ndipo makina olumikizirana amatha kusintha mosavuta kupita ku makina olamulira ogwirizana ndi makina kumatsimikizira kwambiri kudalirika kwa ntchito ya makinawo.
Pamene tidapanga dera la hydraulic, tidasinthanso thupi la valavu yowongolera ma hydraulic, kukula kofanana kwa thupi la valavu ndi chigoba cha valavu, kukula kolumikizana kwa thupi la valavu ndi valavu yayikulu yokakamiza, ndi makina Kukula kwa ndodo yolumikizira pakati pa valavu ya hydraulic ndi valavu yayikulu yogawa kupanikizika ndikofanana ndi koyambirira. Thupi la valavu la valavu ya hydraulic lokha ndilomwe liyenera kusinthidwa panthawi yoyika, ndipo palibe ziwalo zina zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa. Kapangidwe ka dongosolo lonse lowongolera ma hydraulic ndi kakang'ono kwambiri. Pamaziko a kusunga kwathunthu makina ogwirizanitsa ma mechanical, makina owongolera ma electro-hydraulic proportional amawonjezedwa kuti athandize kulumikizana ndi wowongolera wa PLC kuti akwaniritse kuwongolera kwa digito ndikuwongolera kulondola kwa dongosolo la vane la turbine. Ndipo njira yokhazikitsa ndi kukonza zolakwika za dongosololi ndi yosavuta kwambiri, zomwe zimafupikitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya hydraulic turbine unit, zimathandiza kusintha kwa makina owongolera ma hydraulic a turbine ya hydraulic, ndipo zimakhala ndi phindu labwino. Pa nthawi yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalopo, makinawa amayesedwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri aukadaulo ndi akatswiri a siteshoni yamagetsi, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti akhoza kutchuka ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina a hydraulic servo a bwanamkubwa wa malo ambiri opangira magetsi.
3.3 Kapangidwe ka mapulogalamu a dongosolo ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito
Mu dongosolo la vane la turbine lolamulidwa ndi PLC, njira ya digito yogwirizanitsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ikwaniritse ubale wa mgwirizano pakati pa vanes otsogolera, mutu wamadzi ndi kutsegula kwa vane. Poyerekeza ndi njira yachikhalidwe yogwirizanitsa makina, njira ya digito yogwirizanitsa ili ndi ubwino wochepetsera mosavuta magawo, Ili ndi ubwino wokonza zolakwika ndi kukonza mosavuta, komanso kulondola kwambiri kwa mgwirizano. Kapangidwe ka mapulogalamu a dongosolo lowongolera vane makamaka kamapangidwa ndi pulogalamu yosinthira dongosolo, pulogalamu ya algorithm yowongolera ndi pulogalamu yodziwitsa. Pansipa tikambirana njira zodziwira magawo atatu omwe ali pamwambapa a pulogalamuyo motsatana. Pulogalamu yosinthira makamaka imaphatikizapo subroutine ya synergy, subroutine yoyambira vane, subroutine yoyimitsa vane ndi subroutine ya kutayika kwa katundu kwa vane. Dongosolo likagwira ntchito, limayamba kuzindikira ndikuweruza momwe ntchito ikuyendera, kenako limayamba kusintha kwa pulogalamu, limachita subroutine yosinthira yofanana, ndikuwerengera malo omwe apatsidwa a wotsatira vane.
(1) Gawo la mgwirizano
Kudzera mu mayeso a chitsanzo cha unit ya turbine, gulu la mfundo zoyezedwa pamwamba pa cholumikizira lingapezeke. Kamera yachikhalidwe yolumikizirana imapangidwa kutengera mfundo zoyezedwa izi, ndipo njira yolumikizirana ya digito imagwiritsanso ntchito mfundo zoyezedwa izi kujambula seti ya ma curve olumikizirana. Kusankha mfundo zodziwika pa curve yolumikizirana ngati ma node, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira mzere wa ntchito ya binary, mtengo wa ntchito ya ma node omwe si a mzerewu wa cholumikizira ungapezeke.
(2) Gawo loyambira la Vane
Cholinga chophunzira lamulo loyambitsa makina ndi kufupikitsa nthawi yoyambira makina, kuchepetsa katundu wa chogwirira ntchito, ndikupanga mikhalidwe yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ya makina opangira magetsi.
(3) Njira yoyimitsa magalimoto ya Vane
Malamulo otsekera ma vane ndi awa: pamene wolamulira alandira lamulo lotseka, ma vane ndi ma vane otsogolera amatsekedwa nthawi imodzi malinga ndi ubale wa mgwirizano kuti atsimikizire kukhazikika kwa chipangizocho: pamene kutsegula kwa ma vane otsogolera kuli kochepa kuposa kutsegula kopanda katundu, ma vane amachedwa Pamene ma vane otsogolera atsekedwa pang'onopang'ono, ubale wa mgwirizano pakati pa ma vane ndi ma vane otsogolera sulinso wosungidwa; pamene liwiro la chipangizocho latsika pansi pa 80% ya liwiro loyesedwa, ma vane amatsegulidwanso ku ngodya yoyambira Φ0, okonzeka kuyambitsanso.
(4) Gawo loletsa katundu wa tsamba
Kukana katundu kumatanthauza kuti chipangizo chokhala ndi katundu chimachotsedwa mwadzidzidzi kuchokera ku gridi yamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa chipangizocho ndi makina osinthira madzi kukhala osagwira ntchito bwino, zomwe zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo cha chomera chamagetsi ndi chipangizocho. Pamene katunduyo watayika, gavanayo ndi wofanana ndi chipangizo choteteza, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ma vane otsogolera ndi ma vane otsekeredwa azitseka nthawi yomweyo mpaka liwiro la chipangizocho litatsika pafupi ndi kukhazikika kwa liwiro loyesedwa. Chifukwa chake, pakutayika kwenikweni kwa katundu, ma vane nthawi zambiri amatsegulidwa pa ngodya inayake. Kutseguka kumeneku kumapezeka kudzera mu mayeso otaya katundu a siteshoni yeniyeni yamagetsi. Zingatsimikizire kuti chipangizocho chikataya katundu, sikuti kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro kokha kumakhala kochepa, komanso chipangizocho chimakhala chokhazikika.
4 Mapeto
Poganizira za momwe zinthu zilili panopa pamakampani opanga ma hydraulic turbine mdziko langa, pepalali likunena za chidziwitso chatsopano pankhani yowongolera liwiro la ma hydraulic turbine kunyumba ndi kunja, ndipo limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa programmable logic controller (PLC) pakuwongolera liwiro la seti ya jenereta ya ma hydraulic turbine. Pulogalamu yowongolera (PLC) ndiye maziko a dongosolo la axial-flow paddle-type hydraulic turbine dual-regulation. Kugwiritsa ntchito kothandiza kukuwonetsa kuti dongosololi limathandizira kwambiri kulumikizana bwino pakati pa guide vane ndi vane pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yamadzi, komanso limathandizira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamadzi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-11-2022
