1 Nhanganyaya
Turbine governor ndeimwe yemidziyo mikuru miviri inotonga mayuniti emagetsi emvura. Haingoiti basa rekudzora kumhanya chete, asiwo inoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekushandura uye frequency, simba, phase angle uye kumwe kudzora mayuniti anogadzira magetsi emvura uye inodzivirira vhiri remvura. Basa rejenareta. Magavhuna eturbine akapfuura nematanho matatu ekuvandudzwa: magavhuna emagetsi emagetsi, magavhuna emagetsi emagetsi uye magavhuna edhijitari edhijitari edhijitari edhijitari edhijitari. Mumakore achangopfuura, ma controllers anorongwa akaiswa mumasisitimu ekudzora kumhanya kweturbine, ane kugona kwakasimba kwekudzivirira kupindira uye kuvimbika kwakanyanya; kuronga uye kushanda kuri nyore uye kuri nyore; chimiro che modular, kugona kushanduka-shanduka, kuchinjika, uye kugadzirisa kuri nyore; Ine zvakanakira kushanda kwakasimba kwekudzora uye kugona kutyaira; yakasimbiswa zviri nyore.
Mupepa rino, tsvakiridzo yePLC hydraulic turbine dual adjustment system inokurudzirwa, uye programmable controller inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kaviri guide vane nepaddle, izvo zvinovandudza kurongeka kweguide vane nepaddle kune akasiyana water heads. Kudzidzira kunoratidza kuti dual control system inovandudza kushandiswa kwesimba remvura.
2. Sisitimu yekudzora turbine
2.1 Sisitimu yekudzora turbine
Basa guru re turbine speed control system nderekushandura kuvhurika kwe guide vanes ye turbine zvichienderana ne governor kana mutoro we power system uchichinja uye rotational speed ye unit yatsauka, kuitira kuti rotational speed ye turbine ichengetwe mukati me range yakatarwa, kuitira kuti generator unit ishande. Simba rekubuda uye frequency zvinosangana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi. Mabasa ekutanga e turbine regulation anogona kukamurwa kuita speed regulation, active power regulation uye water level regulation.
2.2 Nheyo yekudzora turbine
Chigadzirwa che hydro-generator iyuniti inoumbwa nekubatanidza hydro-turbine nejenareta. Chikamu chinotenderera che seti ye hydro-generator muviri wakasimba unotenderera wakatenderedza axis yakatarwa, uye equation yayo inogona kutsanangurwa ne equation inotevera:
Mufomura
——Nguva yekusashanda kwechikamu chinotenderera cheyuniti (Kg m2)
——Kumhanya kwekona yekutenderera (rad/s)
——Turbine torque (N/m), kusanganisira kurasikirwa kwemagetsi nemagetsi ejenareta.
——Torquet yekudzivirira jenareta, iyo inoreva torque inoshanda yejenareta stator iri parotor, divi rayo rakapesana negwara rekutenderera, uye inomiririra simba rinobuda rejenareta, kureva saizi yemutoro.
Kana mutoro uchichinja, kuvhurika kweguide vane kunoramba kusina kuchinja, uye kumhanya kweyuniti kunogona kugadzikana pane imwe kukosha. Nekuti kumhanya kuchasiyana nemutengo wakayerwa, hazvina kukwana kuvimba nekugona kwekuzvigadzirisa kuti uchengetedze kumhanya. Kuti uchengetedze kumhanya kweyuniti pamutengo wekutanga wakayerwa mushure mekunge mutoro wachinja, zvinogona kuonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 1 kuti zvakakosha kushandura kuvhurika kweguide vane zvinoenderana. Kana mutoro waderera, kana resistance torque ichichinja kubva pa1 kuenda pa2, kuvhurika kweguide vane kunoderedzwa kusvika pa1, uye kumhanya kweyuniti kunochengetwa. Naizvozvo, nekuchinja kwemutoro, kuvhurika kwewater guiding mechanism kunochinjwa zvinoenderana, kuitira kuti kumhanya kweyuniti yehydro-generator kuchengetwe pamutengo wakayerwa, kana kuchinja zvichienderana nemutemo wakayerwa. Maitiro aya kugadzirisa kumhanya kweyuniti yehydro-generator. , kana turbine regulation.
3. Sisitimu yekugadzirisa miviri ye PLC hydraulic turbine
Gavhuna weturbine anofanira kudzora kuvhurika kwemavane ekutungamira mvura kuti agadzirise kuyerera kwemvura murunner yeturbine, nokudaro achichinja dynamic torque yeturbine uye achidzora frequency ye turbine unit. Zvisinei, panguva yekushanda kwe axial-flow rotary paddle turbine, gavhuna haafanire kungogadzirisa kuvhurika kwemavane ekutungamira chete, asiwo kugadzirisa angle yemablades erunner zvichienderana nekurohwa uye kukosha kwemusoro wemvura wemutevedzeri wevane wekutungamira, kuitira kuti vane yekutungamira nevane zvakabatana. Chengetedza hukama hwekushandira pamwe pakati pavo, kureva hukama hwekubatana, hunogona kuvandudza kushanda kweturbine, kuderedza blade cavitation uye vibration yeyunit, uye kuwedzera kugadzikana kwekushanda kweturbine.
Zvishandiso zvePLC control turbine vane system zvinonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zviviri, zvinoti PLC controller uye hydraulic servo system. Kutanga, ngatikurukurei nezvechimiro chehardware chePLC controller.
3.1 PLC controller
Chinodzora chePLC chinonyanya kuumbwa neyuniti yekuisa, yuniti yekutanga yePLC uye yuniti yekubuda. Yuniti yekuisa inoumbwa neA/D module uye module yekuisa yedhijitari, uye yuniti yekuburitsa inoumbwa neD/A module uye module yekuisa yedhijitari. Chinodzora chePLC chine display yedhijitari yeLED yekutarisa nguva chaiyo yema parameter esystem PID, nzvimbo yekutevera vane, nzvimbo yekutevera vane gwara uye kukosha kwemusoro wemvura. Chiyero che analog voltmeter chinopihwawo kuti chitarise nzvimbo yekutevera vane kana paine kutadza kwemutongi we microcomputer.
3.2 Sisitimu yekutevera hydraulic
Sisitimu ye hydraulic servo chikamu chakakosha che turbine vane control system. Chiratidzo chekubuda che controller chinowedzerwa hydraulic kudzora kufamba kwevane follower, nokudaro tichigadzirisa kona yema blades ekumhanya. Takashandisa musanganiswa we proportional valve control main pressure valve type electro-hydraulic control system uye traditional machine-hydraulic control system kugadzira parallel hydraulic control system ye electro-hydraulic proportional valve uye machine-hydraulic valve sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2. Hydraulic follow-up system ye turbine blades.
Sisitimu yekutevera ye hydraulic yemashizha e turbine
Kana PLC controller, electro-hydraulic proportional valve uye position sensor zvese zvakajairika, nzira yePLC electro-hydraulic proportional control inoshandiswa kugadzirisa turbine vane system, position feedback value uye control output value zvinotumirwa nemasignal emagetsi, uye masignals anogadzirwa nePLC controller. , kugadzirisa nekuita sarudzo, kugadzirisa kuvhurwa kwevharuvhu huru yekugovera pressure kuburikidza neproportional valve kudzora nzvimbo yevane follower, uye kuchengetedza hukama hwekushandira pamwe pakati peguide vane, water head nevane. Turbine vane system inodzorwa ne electro-hydraulic proportional valve ine high synergy precision, simple system structure, yakasimba oil resistance, uye iri nyore kushandisa PLC controller kugadzira microcomputer automatic control system.
Nekuda kwekuchengetedza kwe mechanical linkage mechanism, mu electro-hydraulic proportional control mode, mechanical linkage mechanism inoshandawo pamwe chete kuti itevedzere mamiriro ekushanda kwesystem. Kana PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control system ikakundikana, switching valve ichashanda nekukasika, uye mechanical linkage mechanism inogona kuteedzera mamiriro ekushanda kwe electro-hydraulic proportional control system. Pakuchinja, kukanganiswa kwesystem kudiki, uye vane system inogona kuchinja zvakanaka kuenda ku Mechanical association control mode inovimbisa zvikuru kuvimbika kwekushanda kwesystem.
Patakagadzira hydraulic circuit, takagadzirisazve hydraulic control body ye hydraulic control valve, saizi inoenderana ye valvu ne sleeve ye valvu, saizi yekubatanidza ye valvu ne pressure valvu huru, uye mechanic. Saizi ye connecting rod pakati pe hydraulic valve ne pressure distribution valvu huru yakafanana neyepakutanga. Valvu chete ndiyo inofanira kutsiviwa panguva yekuisa, uye hapana zvimwe zvikamu zvinoda kuchinjwa. Maumbirwo e hydraulic control system yese akamanikana zvikuru. Pahwaro hwekuchengetedza mechanic synergy mechanism zvizere, electro-hydraulic proportional control mechanism inowedzerwa kuti iite kuti interface ne PLC controller ione digital synergy control uye kuvandudza coordination accuracy ye turbine vane system. ; Uye maitiro ekuisa nekugadzirisa system ari nyore kwazvo, izvo zvinopfupisa downtime ye hydraulic turbine unit, zvinoita kuti hydraulic control system ye hydraulic turbine ishanduke, uye ine kukosha kwakanaka. Panguva yekushanda chaiko panzvimbo iyi, sisitimu iyi inoongororwa zvakanyanya nevashandi veinjiniya nehunyanzvi vechiteshi chemagetsi, uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti inogona kufarirwa uye kushandiswa musystem ye hydraulic servo yegavhuna wezviteshi zvakawanda zvemagetsi.
3.3 Maumbirwo esoftware yesystem uye nzira yekushandisa
Muhurongwa hwe turbine vane hunodzora PLC, nzira ye digital synergy inoshandiswa kuona hukama huripo pakati pe guide vanes, water head uye vane opening. Kana tichienzanisa nenzira yechinyakare ye mechanical synergy, nzira ye digital synergy ine zvakanakira zvekugadzirisa zviri nyore parameter, ine zvakanakira zvekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa zviri nyore, uye kunyatsoenderana kwakanyanya. Maumbirwo esoftware ye vane control system anonyanya kuumbwa nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa system, chirongwa che control algorithm uye chirongwa che diagnosis. Pazasi tinokurukura nzira dzekuita dzezvikamu zvitatu zviri pamusoro zvechirongwa zvakateerana. Chirongwa che adjustment function chinosanganisira subroutine ye synergy, subroutine yekutanga vane, subroutine yekumisa vane uye subroutine ye load shedding ye vane. Kana system iri kushanda, inotanga yaona uye yatonga mamiriro ekushanda aripo, yobva yatanga software switch, inoita adjustment function subroutine inoenderana, uye inoverenga nzvimbo yakapihwa ye vane follower.
(1) Chikamu chesangano
Kuburikidza nemuenzaniso wekuyedza kwe turbine unit, boka remapoinzi akayerwa pamusoro pejoint rinogona kuwanikwa. Kamera yejoint yemakanika yechinyakare inogadzirwa zvichibva pamapoinzi akayerwa aya, uye nzira yejoint yedhijitari inoshandisawo mapoinzi akayerwa aya kudhirowa seti yemajoint curves. Kusarudza mapoinzi anozivikanwa pajoint curve sema nodes, uye kushandisa nzira ye piecewise linear interpolation ye binary function, kukosha kwebasa re non-nodes pamutsetse uyu wejoint kunogona kuwanikwa.
(2) Chikamu chekutanga cheVane
Chinangwa chekudzidza mutemo wekutanga kugadzira midziyo ndechekupfupisa nguva yekutanga kwemidziyo, kuderedza mutoro wesimbi inopinza, uye kugadzira mamiriro ekubatanidza grid yemidziyo yekugadzira midziyo.
(3) Kumira kweVane Subroutine
Mitemo yekuvharira mavane ndeiyi inotevera: kana controller ikagamuchira murairo wekudzima, mavane nemavane ekutungamira anovharwa panguva imwe chete zvichienderana nehukama hwekubatana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti yuniti yagadzikana: kana kuvhura kwevane yekutungamira kuri pasi pekuvhurwa kusina mutoro, mavane anononoka Kana vane yekutungamira yavharwa zvishoma nezvishoma, hukama hwekubatana pakati pevane nevane yekutungamira hahuchachengetedzwi; kana kumhanya kweyuniti kwaderera pasi pe80% yekumhanya kwakayerwa, vane inovhurwazve kune angle yekutanga Φ0, yakagadzirira kutanga kunotevera Gadzirira.
(4) Chikamu chekurambwa kwemutoro webanga
Kurambwa kwemutoro zvinoreva kuti unit ine mutoro inongoerekana yabviswa kubva pagrid yemagetsi, zvichiita kuti unit nesystem yekutsausa mvura zvive mumamiriro ekushanda asina kunaka, izvo zvine chekuita nekuchengetedzeka kwegwenya remagetsi neyuniti. Kana mutoro wadzimwa, gavhuna akaenzana nemudziyo wekudzivirira, unoita kuti mavane ekutungamira nemavane avharwe nekukurumidza kusvika kumhanya kweyuniti kwaderera kusvika pedyo nekugadzikana kwekukurumidza kwakayerwa. Naizvozvo, mukudzimwa kwemutoro chaiko, mavane anowanzo vhurwa kune imwe kona. Kuvhurika uku kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekuyedzwa kwekudzimwa kwemutoro kwegwenya chairo. Inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti kana yunit ichidzimwa mutoro, kwete chete kuwedzera kwekukurumidza kudiki, asiwo unit yakagadzikana.
4 Mhedziso
Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ari kuita tekinoroji munyika yangu, bepa iri rinotaura nezveruzivo rutsva munyaya yekudzora kumhanya kwe hydraulic turbine kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, uye rinoshandisa tekinoroji ye programmable logic controller (PLC) pakudzora kumhanya kwe hydraulic turbine generator set. Chirongwa che program controller (PLC) ndicho chinhu chikuru che axial-flow paddle-type hydraulic turbine dual-regulation system. Kushandiswa kwaro kunoratidza kuti chirongwa ichi chinovandudza zvikuru kurongeka kwekubatana pakati pe guide vane ne vane kune mamiriro akasiyana emvura, uye chinovandudza mwero wekushandiswa kwesimba remvura.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-11-2022
