1. Intshayelelo
Irhuluneli yeTurbine sesinye sezixhobo ezibini ezilawulayo kwiiyunithi zombane oqhutywa ngamanzi. Ayidlali kuphela indima yokulawula isantya, kodwa iphinda ithathe ukuguqulwa kweemeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuphindaphinda, amandla, i-angle yesigaba kunye nolunye ulawulo lweeyunithi zokuvelisa umbane wamanzi kunye nokukhusela ivili lamanzi. Umsebenzi wesethi yejeneretha. Iirhuluneli zeTurbine ziye zadlula kumanqanaba amathathu ophuhliso: abalawuli be-hydraulic oomatshini, iirhuluneli ze-electro-hydraulic kunye ne-microcomputer digital hydraulic governors. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abalawuli abacwangcisiweyo baye bangeniswa kwiinkqubo zokulawula isantya se-turbine, ezinekhono elinamandla lokuchasana nokuphazamiseka kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu; udweliso lwenkqubo olulula noluluncedo kunye nokusebenza; ubume bemodyuli, ukuguquguquka okuhle, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokugcinwa okufanelekileyo; Ineenzuzo zomsebenzi wolawulo oluqinileyo kunye nokukwazi ukuqhuba; iye yaqinisekiswa ngokwenyani.
Kweli phepha, uphando kwi-PLC ye-hydraulic turbine yenkqubo yohlengahlengiso olubini luyacetywa, kwaye isilawuli esicwangcisiweyo sisetyenziselwa ukuqonda uhlengahlengiso oluphindwe kabini lwe-vane yesikhokelo kunye ne-paddle, ephucula ukuchaneka kokulungelelaniswa kwe-vane yesikhokelo kunye ne-vane yeentloko zamanzi ezahlukeneyo. Uqheliselo lubonisa ukuba inkqubo yolawulo kabini iphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla amanzi.
2. Inkqubo yokulawula i-turbine
2.1 Inkqubo yolawulo lwe turbine
Umsebenzi osisiseko wenkqubo yokulawula isantya seinjini yomoya kukutshintsha ukuvulwa kwesikhokelo se-vanes yeinjini yomoya ngokufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa irhuluneli xa umthwalo wenkqubo yamandla utshintsha kunye nesantya sokujikeleza seyunithi siyatenxa, ukuze isantya sokujikeleza seinjini yomoya sigcinwe ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchaziweyo, ukwenzela ukuba iyunithi yejenereyitha isebenze. Amandla emveliso kunye namaxesha ahlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi. Imisebenzi esisiseko yolawulo lweinjini yomoya inokwahlulwa ibe ngummiselo wesantya, ulawulo lwamandla asebenzayo kunye nolawulo lomgangatho wamanzi.
2.2 Umgaqo wolawulo lweinjini yomoya
Iyunithi ye-hydro-generator yiyunithi eyenziwe ngokudibanisa i-hydro-iturbine kunye nejenereyitha. Inxalenye ejikelezayo yesethi ye-hydro-generator ngumzimba oqinileyo ojikelezayo kwi-axis esisigxina, kwaye i-equation yayo inokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Kwifomula
—— Umzuzu wokungena kwenxalenye ejikelezayo yeyunithi (Kg m2)
——Isantya se-angular (Rad/s)
——Itorque yeTurbine (N/m), kubandakanywa nokulahleka komatshini kunye nombane.
——I-torque yokumelana nejeneretha, ebhekisela kwi-torque esebenzayo ye-stator ye-generator kwi-rotor, isalathiso sayo sichasene nolwalathiso olujikelezayo, kwaye imele imveliso yamandla esebenzayo ye-generator, oko kukuthi, ubukhulu bomthwalo.
Xa umthwalo utshintsha, ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo kuhlala kungatshintshi, kwaye isantya seyunithi sisenokuzinziswa kwixabiso elithile. Ngenxa yokuba isantya siya kuphambuka kwixabiso elilinganisiweyo, akwanelanga ukuthembela kwisakhono sokulungelelanisa ukulungelelanisa ukugcina isantya. Ukuze ugcine isantya seyunithi kwixabiso lokuqala elilinganisiweyo emva kokutshintsha komthwalo, kunokubonwa kuMfanekiso 1 ukuba kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha i-vane yesikhokelo ngokufanelekileyo. Xa umthwalo uyancipha, xa i-torque yokuchasa itshintsha ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwe-2, ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo kuya kuncitshiswa ukuya ku-1, kwaye isantya seyunithi siya kugcinwa. Ngoko ke, ngokutshintsha komthwalo, ukuvulwa kwendlela yokukhokela amanzi kuguqulwa ngokuhambelanayo, ukwenzela ukuba isantya seyunithi ye-hydro-generator igcinwe kwixabiso elimiselweyo, okanye utshintsho ngokomthetho ochazwe kwangaphambili. Le nkqubo luhlengahlengiso lwesantya seyunithi ye-hydro-generator. , okanye ulawulo lweinjini yomoya.
3. I-PLC hydraulic turbine dual adjustment system
Irhuluneli yeinjini yomoya kukulawula ukuvulwa kweendawo zokukhokela amanzi ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba kwimbaleki yeinjini yomoya, ngokwenjenjalo itshintsha itorque eguqukayo yeinjini yomoya nokulawula ukuphindaphindwa kweyunithi yeinjini yomoya. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-axial-flow rotary paddle turbine, irhuluneli ayifanele ilungelelanise ukuvulwa kwee-vanes zesikhokelo, kodwa ilungelelanise i-angle yeeblades zembaleki ngokwe-stroke kunye nexabiso lentloko yamanzi yomlandeli wesikhokelo, ukuze i-vane yesikhokelo kunye ne-vane ziqhagamshelwe. Gcina ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano phakathi kwabo, oko kukuthi, ubudlelwane bokulungelelanisa, obunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-turbine, ukunciphisa i-blade cavitation kunye nokungcangcazela kweyunithi, kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kokusebenza kwe-turbine.
I-hardware ye-PLC yolawulo lwe-turbine system ye-turbine iqulunqwe ikakhulu ngamalungu amabini, angalawuli we-PLC kunye nenkqubo ye-servo ye-hydraulic. Okokuqala, makhe sixoxe ngesakhiwo se-hardware somlawuli we-PLC.
3.1 Umlawuli we-PLC
Umlawuli we-PLC uqulunqwe ikakhulu yiyunithi yokufaka, iyunithi yesiseko ye-PLC kunye neyunithi yokuphuma. Iyunithi yokufaka ifakwe imodyuli ye-A / D kunye nemodyuli yokufaka idijithali, kwaye iyunithi yokuphuma yenziwe imodyuli ye-D / A kunye nemodyuli yokufaka idijithali. Umlawuli we-PLC uxhotyiswe ngomboniso wedijithali we-LED wokujongwa kwexesha lokwenyani leeparamitha ze-PID zenkqubo, indawo yomlandeli we-vane, isikhokelo sendawo yokulandela umlandeli kunye nexabiso lentloko yamanzi. I-voltmeter ye-analog ikwabonelelwe ukujonga indawo yomlandeli we-vane kwimeko yokusilela komlawuli we-microcomputer.
3.2 Inkqubo yokulandelela i-hydraulic
Inkqubo ye-servo ye-hydraulic yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokulawula i-turbine vane. Umqondiso wokuphuma komlawuli ukhuliswe nge-hydraulically ukulawula ukuhamba komlandeli we-vane, ngaloo ndlela ulungelelanisa i-angle ye-runner blades. Samkela indibaniselwano yevalve yolawulo olululo oluphambili lwevalve yohlobo lwe-electro-hydraulic control system kunye nenkqubo yokulawula umatshini-hydraulic yemveli ukwenza inkqubo yokulawula i-hydraulic parallel ye-electro-hydraulic proportional valve kunye ne-machine-hydraulic valve njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 2. Inkqubo yokulandelela i-hydraulic ye-hydraulic blades ye-turbine blades.
Inkqubo yokulandelela i-Hydraulic ye-injini ye-injini
Xa isilawuli se-PLC, i-valve ye-electro-hydraulic proportional valve kunye ne-position sensor iyinto eqhelekileyo, i-PLC ye-electro-hydraulic proportional control method isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa inkqubo ye-turbine vane, ixabiso lengxelo yesikhundla kunye nexabiso lemveliso yokulawula ihanjiswa ngemiqondiso yombane, kwaye imiqondiso idityaniswe ngumlawuli we-PLC. , ukusetyenzwa kunye nokwenziwa kwesigqibo, lungisa ukuvuleka kwevalve yevalve engundoqo yokusabalalisa uxinzelelo ngokusebenzisa ivalve elinganayo ukulawula indawo yomlandeli we-vane, kunye nokugcina ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano phakathi kwe-vane yesikhokelo, intloko yamanzi kunye ne-vane. Inkqubo ye-injini ye-turbine elawulwa yi-electro-hydraulic proportional valve ine-high synergy precision, isakhiwo senkqubo elula, ukuxhathisa okuqinileyo kongcoliseko lwe-oyile, kwaye ikulungele ukudibana nomlawuli we-PLC ukwenza inkqubo yokulawula i-microcomputer ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ngenxa yokugcinwa kwendlela yokunxibelelana koomatshini, kwimowudi yolawulo lwe-electro-hydraulic proportional, i-mechanical linkage mechanism nayo iyasebenza ngaxeshanye ukulandelela ubume bokusebenza kwenkqubo. Ukuba i-PLC i-electro-hydraulic proportional control system iyasilela, ivalve yokutshintsha iya kusebenza ngoko nangoko, kwaye umatshini wokudibanisa umatshini unokulandelela ngokusisiseko imeko esebenzayo ye-electro-hydraulic proportional control system. Xa utshintshela, impembelelo yenkqubo incinci, kwaye inkqubo ye-vane inokutshintshela ngokutyibilikayo kwimodi yokulawula umbutho womatshini iqinisekisa kakhulu ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yokusebenza.
Xa sayila i-circuit ye-hydraulic, saphinda sayila kwakhona i-valve ye-valve ye-valve yokulawula i-hydraulic, ubungakanani obuhambelanayo bomzimba we-valve kunye nomkhono wevalve, ubungakanani boxhumo lomzimba we-valve kunye ne-valve yoxinzelelo oluphambili, kunye nomatshini Ubungakanani bentonga yokudibanisa phakathi kwe-valve ye-hydraulic kunye ne-valve yokusabalalisa uxinzelelo oluphambili lufana nelokuqala. Kuphela ngumzimba wevalve wevalve ye-hydraulic ekufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha lofakelo, kwaye akukho zinye iindawo ezifuna ukutshintshwa. Ubume bayo yonke inkqubo yolawulo lwe-hydraulic ixinene kakhulu. Kwisiseko sokugcina ngokupheleleyo umatshini we-synergy womatshini, indlela yokulawula i-electro-hydraulic proportional yongezwa ukwenza lula ujongano kunye nomlawuli we-PLC ukuqonda ulawulo lwedijithali kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kolungelelwaniso lwenkqubo ye-turbine vane. ; Kwaye inkqubo yofakelo kunye nokulungiswa kwenkqubo ilula kakhulu, enciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa iyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine unit, iququzelele ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yokulawula i-hydraulic ye-injini ye-hydraulic, kwaye inexabiso elifanelekileyo elifanelekileyo. Ngexesha lomsebenzi wokwenene kwisiza, inkqubo ixatyiswa kakhulu ziinjineli kunye nabasebenzi bobuchwephesha besikhululo samandla, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba inokusasazwa kwaye isetyenziswe kwinkqubo ye-hydraulic servo yerhuluneli yezikhululo zombane wamanzi amaninzi.
3.3 Ubume benkqubo yesoftware kunye nendlela yokuphumeza
Kwi-PLC-controlled turbine vane system, indlela yedijithali ye-synergy isetyenziselwa ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-vanes yesikhokelo, intloko yamanzi kunye nokuvulwa kwe-vane. Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yemveli ye-synergy yomatshini, indlela yedijithali ye-synergy ineengenelo zokulungisa iparamitha ngokulula, ineenzuzo zokulungisa iimpazamo kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kobudlelwane. Ulwakhiwo lwesoftware yenkqubo yolawulo lwe-vane luqulunqwe ikakhulu yinkqubo yohlengahlengiso lwenkqubo, inkqubo yolawulo lwe-algorithm kunye nenkqubo yokuxilongwa. Apha ngezantsi sixoxa ngeendlela zokuphumeza ezi nxalenye zintathu zeprogram ngokulandelelanayo. Inkqubo yokusebenza yohlengahlengiso ikakhulu ibandakanya i-subroutine ye-synergy, i-subroutine yokuqala i-vane, i-subroutine yokumisa i-vane kunye ne-subroutine ye-load shedding ye-vane. Xa inkqubo isebenza, iqala ichonge kwaye igwebe imeko yokusebenza yangoku, emva koko iqalise iswitsha yesoftware, iphumeze uhlengahlengiso oluhambelanayo, kwaye ibala indawo enikiweyo ixabiso lomlandeli we-vane.
(1) Inkqubo yombutho
Ngovavanyo lwemodeli yeyunithi ye-injini yomoya, ibhetshi yamanqaku alinganisiweyo kumphezulu odibeneyo unokufumaneka. Ikhamera edibeneyo yomatshini yendabuko yenziwa ngokusekelwe kula manqaku alinganisiweyo, kwaye indlela yokudibanisa yedijithali isebenzisa la manqaku alinganisiweyo ukuzoba isethi yeengqungquthela ezidibeneyo. Ukukhetha amanqaku awaziwayo kwigophe lombutho njengamaqhuqhuva, kunye nokwamkela indlela ye-piecewise linear interpolation yomsebenzi wokubini, ixabiso lomsebenzi we-non-nodes kulo mgca wombutho unokufumaneka.
(2) Inkqubo yokuqaliswa kweVane
Injongo yokufunda umthetho wokuqalisa kukunciphisa ixesha lokuqalisa kweyunithi, ukunciphisa umthwalo we-thrust bearing, kunye nokudala iimeko ezidityanisiweyo zegridi kwiyunithi ye-generator.
(3) Indlela yokumisa iVane stop
Imithetho yokuvala ye-vanes yile ilandelayo: xa umlawuli efumana umyalelo wokuvala, i-vanes kunye ne-vanes yesikhokelo zivaliwe ngaxeshanye ngokuhambelana nobudlelwane bokubambisana ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kweyunithi: xa ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo kungaphantsi kokuvulwa komthwalo, i-vanes lag Xa i-vanes ivalwe ngokukhawuleza, ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano phakathi kwe-vane kunye ne-vane yesikhokelo ayisagcinwa; xa isantya seyunithi sihla ngaphantsi kwe-80% yesantya esilinganisiweyo, i-vane iphinda ivulwe kwi-angle yokuqala Φ0, ilungele ukuqalisa okulandelayo Lungiselela.
(4) Inkqubo yokwaliwa komthwalo weblade
Ukulahlwa komthwalo kuthetha ukuba iyunithi enomthwalo inqanyulwe ngokukhawuleza kwigridi yamandla, yenza iyunithi kunye nenkqubo yokuguqula amanzi kwindawo yokusebenza embi, ehambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokhuseleko lombane kunye neyunithi. Xa umthwalo uchithwa, irhuluneli ilingana nesixhobo sokukhusela, esenza ukuba i-vanes yesikhokelo kunye ne-vanes ivalwe ngokukhawuleza de isantya seyunithi sehla ukuya kwindawo yesantya esilinganiselwe. uzinzo. Ke ngoko, kwindawo yokuphela komthwalo, iivanes zivulwa ngokubanzi kwi-engile ethile. Oku kuvuleka kufunyanwa ngovavanyo lokuphela komthwalo wesikhululo samandla sangempela. Inokuqinisekisa ukuba xa iyunithi ichitha umthwalo, kungekhona nje ukunyuka kwesantya kuncinci, kodwa kunye neyunithi izinzile. .
4 Isiphelo
Ngokujonga imeko yangoku yobuchwephesha boshishino lwelizwe lam lolawulo lweinjini yeinjini yolwelo olwelwa ngamanzi, eli phepha libhekiselele kulwazi olutsha kummandla wolawulo lwesantya seinjini yomoya oqhutywa ngoxinzelelo olukhulu olwenziwa ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba ekhaya naphesheya, kwaye lisebenzisa iteknoloji yesilawuli se-programmable logic (PLC) kulawulo lwesantya seseti yejenereyitha yomoya oqhutywa ngamanzi. Umlawuli wenkqubo (PLC) ngundoqo we-axial-flow paddle-type hydraulic turbine system dual-regulation system. Usetyenziso olusebenzayo lubonisa ukuba iskimu siphucula kakhulu ukuchaneka kolungelelwaniso phakathi kwesikhokelo se-vane kunye ne-vane yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zentloko yamanzi, kwaye siphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla amanzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-11-2022
