1 Kupu Whakataki
Ko te kawana turbine tetahi o nga taputapu whakahaere nui e rua mo nga waahanga hiko hiko. Ehara i te mea ko te whakahaere i te tere tere, engari he mahi rerekee te whakarereketanga me te auau, te mana, te koki wahanga me etahi atu mana whakahaere o nga waeine hiko hiko me te tiaki i te wira wai. Ko te mahi o te huinga generator. E toru nga wahanga o te whakawhanaketanga o nga kawana turbine: nga kawana waipēhi miihini, nga kawana hiko-hiko me nga kawana hiko hikohiko rorohiko miihini. I nga tau kua pahure ake nei, kua whakauruhia nga kaiwhakahaere ka taea ki roto i nga punaha whakahaere tere turbine, he kaha te kaha ki te aukati i te pokanoa me te tino pono; ngawari me te watea te mahi me te mahi; hanganga modular, pai rehe, ngāwari, me te watea tiaki; Kei a ia nga painga o te mana whakahaere kaha me te kaha taraiwa; kua tino whakamanahia.
I roto i tenei pepa, ko te rangahau i runga i te PLC hydraulic turbine rua te whakatikatika i te punaha, a ka whakamahia te kaiwhakahaere programmable ki te mohio ki te whakarereketanga takirua o te arataki kaiarahi me te hoe, e whakapai ake ana i te tika o te ruruku o te arataki arataki me te papa mo nga upoko wai rereke. Ko nga mahi e whakaatu ana ko te punaha whakahaere takirua ka whakapai ake i te tere o te whakamahinga o te kaha wai.
2. Pūnaha whakahaere turbine
2.1 Pūnaha whakahaere turbine
Ko te mahi matua o te punaha whakahaere tere turbine ko te whakarereke i te whakatuwheratanga o nga arai kaiarahi o te turbine na roto i te kawana ka huri te kawenga o te punaha hiko me te tere hurihuri o te waeine, kia mau tonu te tere hurihuri o te turbine i roto i te awhe kua tohua, kia pai ai te whakahaere o te waeine generator. Ko te mana whakaputa me te auau ka tutuki nga whakaritenga a te kaiwhakamahi. Ko nga mahi taketake o te whakahaere turbine ka taea te wehewehe ki te ture tere, te whakahaere mana kaha me te ture taumata wai.
2.2 Te parau tumu o te ture turbine
Ko te waeine whakangao wai he waeine i hangaia ma te hono i te hiko hiko me te hiko. Ko te wahanga hurihuri o te huinga whakangao-wai he tinana maro e huri huri noa i te tuaka pumau, a ka taea te whakaahua i tana wharite ma te wharite e whai ake nei:
I roto i te tātai
——Te taima o te inertia o te wahanga hurihuri o te waeine (Kg m2)
——Te tere koki hurihuri (rad/s)
——Te taipana hiko (N/m), tae atu ki nga mate miihini me te hiko hiko.
——Te taipana whakaahuru a te kaihanga, e pa ana ki te taipana mahi o te generator stator i runga i te rotor, ko tona ahunga kei te anga ke atu ki te ahunga hurihuri, me te tohu i te whakaputanga mana kaha o te kaihanga, ara, te rahi o te kawenga.
Ka huri te kawenga, ka noho tonu te whakatuwheratanga o te arataki arataki, ka taea tonu te whakapumau i te tere o te waeine ki tetahi uara. Na te mea ka kotiti ke te tere mai i te uara kua tohua, kaore e ranea ki te whakawhirinaki ki te kaha whakatikatika-whaiaro ki te pupuri i te tere. Kia mau tonu ai te tere o te waeine ki te uara whakatau tuatahi i muri i nga huringa o te kawenga, ka kitea mai i te Whakaahua 1 he mea tika kia whakarereke i te whakatuwheratanga o te arataki arataki. Ka heke te kawenga, ka huri te taipana parenga mai i te 1 ki te 2, ka heke te whakatuwheratanga o te arataki arataki ki te 1, ka mau tonu te tere o te waahanga. No reira, na te huringa o te utaina, ka rereke te whakatuwheratanga o te tikanga arataki wai, kia mau tonu ai te tere o te waeine whakangao wai ki te uara kua whakaritea, ka huri ranei i runga i te ture kua whakaritea. Ko tenei tukanga ko te whakatikatika tere o te waeine hydro-generator. , te ture turbine ranei.
3. PLC hydraulic turbine pūnaha whakatikatika rua
Ko te kawana turbine ko te whakahaere i te whakatuwheratanga o nga arai arataki wai hei whakatika i te rere ki roto i te kaikawe o te turbine, na reira ka huri i te taipana hihiri o te turbine me te whakahaere i te auau o te waeine turbine. Heoi, i te wa e mahi ana te axial-flow rotary hoe turbine, kaua te kawana e whakatika noa i te whakatuwheratanga o nga wana kaiarahi, engari me whakatika ano hoki te koki o nga mata o te kaikawe kia rite ki te whiu me te uara o te upoko wai o te kaiwhai a te kaiarahi, kia hono ai te arai arahi me te whae. Kia mau tonu te hononga mahi tahi i waenga i a raatau, ara, he hononga honohono, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pai o te kapohau, te whakaiti i te cavitation mata me te wiri o te waeine, me te whakaniko i te pumau o te mahi o te turbine.
Ko te taputapu o te PLC mana turbine vane system te nuinga o nga waahanga e rua, ara ko te kaiwhakahaere PLC me te punaha servo hydraulic. Tuatahi, kia matapakihia te hanganga taputapu o te kaiwhakahaere PLC.
3.1 PLC kaiwhakahaere
Ko te kaiwhakahaere PLC te nuinga o te waahanga whakauru, te waahanga taketake PLC me te waahanga whakaputa. Ko te kōwae whakauru he kōwae A/D me te kōwae tāuru matihiko, ā, ko te kōwae whakaputa he kōwae D/A me te kōwae tāuru matihiko. Ko te kaiwhakahaere PLC he mea rite ki te whakaaturanga mamati LED mo te tirohanga-wa-tuuturu o nga tawhā PID punaha, te tuunga a te whai, te arahi i te tuunga a te kaiwhai me te uara o te upoko wai. Ka whakaratohia ano he voltmeter tairitenga ki te aro turuki i te tuunga o te kaiwhai i te waa mena ka rahua te kaiwhakahaere rorohiko moroiti.
3.2 Pūnaha whai-a-ira
Ko te punaha servo hydraulic he waahanga nui o te punaha whakahaere turbine vane. Ko te tohu whakaputa o te kaitakawaenga e whakakahahia ana ki te whakahaere i te nekehanga o te kaiwhairangi, na reira ka whakatika i te koki o nga mata riipene. I tangohia e matou te whakakotahitanga o te mana o te paera o te hiko o te hiko me te punaha hiko hiko hiko me te punaha whakahaere miihini-waiwai tuku iho hei hanga i te punaha whakahaere hiko whakarara o te hiko hiko me te miihini-hydraulic e whakaatuhia ana i te Whakaahua 2. Ko te punaha whai-whakaaro mo nga mata hiko.
Pūnaha whai-a-waiwai mo nga matatahi turbine
A, no te te PLC kaiwhakahaere, electro-hydraulic proportional valve and position sensor he mea noa katoa, ka whakamahia te PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control method to adjust the turbine vane system, the position feedback value and control output value are transmitted by electrical signals, and the signals are synthesized by the PLC controller. , te tukatuka me te whakatau whakatau, whakatikahia te whakatuwheratanga o te puera o te puera tohatoha pehanga matua i roto i te paera rite ki te whakahaere i te tuunga o te kaiwhaiwhai, me te pupuri i te hononga mahi tahi i waenga i te arataki kaiarahi, te upoko o te wai me te waahi. Ko te punaha turbine vane e whakahaeretia ana e te hiko-waihiko hikohiko he tino tika te whakakotahitanga, te hanganga o te punaha ngawari, te kaha o te parahanga hinu hinu, a he pai ki te hono atu me te kaiwhakahaere PLC ki te hanga i tetahi punaha whakahaere aunoa rorohiko.
Na te mau tonu o te tikanga honohono miihini, i roto i te aratau mana ohanga hiko-hiko, ka mahi tahi ano te tikanga honohono miihini ki te whai i te mana whakahaere o te punaha. Mena ka rahua te punaha mana hiko-waihiko PLC, ka tere tonu te mahi o te reera whakawhiti, a ka taea e te hononga hono miihini te whai i te ahua o te whakahaere o te punaha whakahaere hiko-waihiko. I te wa e huri ana, he iti te paanga o te punaha, a ka taea e te punaha vane te whakawhiti pai ki te Ko te aratau whakahaere hononga miihini ka tino whakapumau te pono o te mahi a te punaha.
I te wa i hoahoatia e matou te ara iahiko waipēhi, i hoahoatia ano e matou te tinana takirere o te reera waipēhi, te rahi o te rahi o te tinana takirere me te karekau takirere, te rahi o te hononga o te tinana takirere me te takirere pehanga matua, me te miihini Ko te rahi o te rakau hono i waenga i te reera waipēhi me te reera tohatoha pehanga matua he rite tonu ki te mea taketake. Ko te tinana takirere anake o te hiko hiko me whakakapi i te wa o te whakaurunga, a kaore etahi atu waahanga me whakarereke. Ko te hanganga o te punaha whakahaere hydraulic katoa he tino pai. I runga i te kaupapa o te pupuri tonu i te tikanga whakahiato miihini, ka taapirihia he tikanga mana hiko-waihiko hei whakahaere i te atanga me te kaiwhakahaere PLC kia mohio ai te mana whakahiato mamati me te whakapai ake i te tika o te ruruku o te punaha turbine vane. ; A he tino ngawari te whakaurunga me te mahi patuiro o te punaha, e whakapoto ana i te wa paheketanga o te waeine hiko hiko, ka whakahaere i te whakarereketanga o te punaha whakahaere hiko o te miihini hiko, a he pai te uara mahi. I te wa o te mahi tonu i runga i te waahi, ka tino arohaehaehia te punaha e nga miihini me nga kaimahi hangarau o te teihana hiko, a ka whakaponohia ka taea te whakanui me te tono i roto i te punaha servo hydraulic o te kawana o te maha o nga teihana hiko.
3.3 Hanganga rorohiko punaha me te tikanga whakatinana
I roto i te punaha turbine vane e whakahaeretia ana e te PLC, ka whakamahia te tikanga whakahiato mamati ki te mohio i te hononga honohono i waenga i nga waka arahi, te upoko wai me te whakatuwheratanga. Ka whakatauritea ki te tikanga whakahiato miihini tuku iho, ko te tikanga whakahiato mamati nga painga o te tapahi tawhā ngawari, Kei a ia nga painga o te patuiro watea me te tiaki, me te tino tika o te hononga. Ko te hanganga raupaparorohiko o te punaha whakahaere vane ko te nuinga o te kaupapa whakatikatika punaha, te kaupapa algorithm mana me te kaupapa tohu. Kei raro nei ka matapakihia nga tikanga whakatinana o nga wahanga e toru o runga ake nei o te kaupapa. Kei roto i te kaupapa whakatikatika te nuinga o te waahanga o te mahi tahi, te tikanga o te tiimata i te waahi, te waahanga o te aukati i te waahi me te waahanga o te whakahekenga o te pikaunga. I te wa e mahi ana te punaha, ka tohu tuatahi me te whakatau i te ahuatanga whakahaere o naianei, katahi ka tiimata te huri rorohiko, ka mahia te mahi whakatikatika e rite ana, me te tatau i te tuunga kua hoatu mo te kaiwhai.
(1) Ko te tikanga o te roopu
Na roto i te whakamatautau tauira o te waeine turbine, ka taea te whiwhi i te puranga o nga tohu ine i runga i te mata hono. Ko te kamera honohono miihini tawhito he mea hanga i runga i enei tohu ine, ka whakamahia ano hoki e te tikanga honohono mamati enei tohu ine hei tuhi i te huinga o nga pihi hono. Ma te kowhiri i nga tohu e mohiotia ana i runga i te anau hononga hei node, me te tango i te tikanga o te wawaotanga raina o te mahi rua, ka taea te whiwhi i te uara mahi o nga pona-kore i tenei raina o te hononga.
(2) Ko te mahi-a-roto o Vane
Ko te kaupapa o te ako i te ture whakaoho he whakapoto i te wa tiimata o te waeine, whakaitihia te kawenga o te pikaunga pana, me te hanga tikanga hono matiti mo te wae miihini.
(3) Ka mutu te mahi a Vane
Ko nga ture katinga o nga whao e whai ake nei: i te wa e whiwhi ana te kaiwhakahaere i te whakahau kati, ka kati nga whao me nga whao arahi i te wa kotahi e ai ki te hononga mahi tahi kia mau tonu ai te waahanga: ka iti iho te whakatuwheratanga o te whae arataki i te whakatuwheratanga kore-uta, ka takamuri nga whaa Ina ka ata katia te arai arataki, kua kore te hononga mahi tahi i waenga i te whae me te arai arahi; ka heke iho te tere o te waeine ki raro i te 80% o te tere whakatau, ka whakatuwherahia ano te koki timata ki te koki timata Φ0, kua rite mo te timatanga o muri Whakapaia.
(4) Ko te mahi whakangao i te utaina o te mata
Ko te whakakore i te utaina te tikanga ka momotuhia te waeine me te utaina mai i te matiti hiko, ka noho kino te waahanga me te punaha whakawhiti wai, e pa ana ki te haumaru o te tipu hiko me te waahanga. Ka whakahekehia te kawenga, ka rite te kawana ki tetahi taputapu whakamarumaru, na reira ka kati tonu nga whao arahi me nga whao kia taka ra ano te tere o te waeine ki te tata ki te tere whakatau. pūmautanga. Na reira, i roto i te whakahekenga o te kawenga, ka whakatuwherahia nga waahi ki tetahi koki. Ka whiwhi tenei whakatuwheratanga ma te whakamatautau whakaheke kawenga o te teihana hiko tuuturu. Ka taea e ia te whakarite i te wa e whakahekehia ana e te waeine te kawenga, ehara i te mea he iti noa te piki tere, engari he pai te ahua o te waahanga. .
4 Whakamutunga
I roto i te tirohanga o te mana hangarau o naianei o te ahumahi kawana hiko hiko waipēhi o toku whenua, e pā ana tenei pepa ki nga korero hou i roto i te mara o te mana tere hiko hiko waipēhi i te kāinga, me te ki waho, me te tono i te hangarau pūmana arorau programmable (PLC) ki te mana tere o te huinga hiko hiko hiko. Ko te kaiwhakahaere o te kaupapa (PLC) ko te matua o te axial-flow paddle-type hydraulic turbine dual-regulation system. Ko te tono whaihua e whakaatu ana ko te kaupapa e tino pai ake ai te rurukutanga i waenga i te arataki arataki me te kauri mo nga ahuatanga rerekee o te upoko wai, me te whakapai ake i te tere whakamahi o te hiko wai.
Wā tuku: Feb-11-2022
