Ukubaluleka kombhede wokuhlola imodeli ye-hydraulic turbine ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Hydropower Technology

Ibhentshi lokuhlola imodeli ye-Hydraulic turbine lidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi. Kuyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamayunithi. Ukukhiqizwa kwanoma yimuphi umgijimi kufanele kuqala kuthuthukise umgijimi oyimodeli futhi kuvivinye imodeli ngokulingisa amamitha ekhanda angempela esiteshi sikagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi embhedeni wokuhlola wemishini esebenza ngamanzi ekhanda eliphezulu. Uma yonke idatha ihlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi, umgijimi angakhiqizwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, abanye abakhiqizi bemishini kagesi kagesi bangaphandle banamabhentshi amaningana okuhlola ikhanda lamanzi aphezulu ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zemisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Isibonelo, inkampani yaseFrance ye-neyrpic inamabhentshi okuhlola amamodeli amahlanu asezingeni eliphezulu; U-Hitachi no-Toshiba banezitendi eziyisihlanu zokuhlola ezinekhanda lamanzi elingaphezu kwama-50m. Ngokwezidingo zokukhiqiza, isikhungo esikhulu sokucwaninga ngemishini kagesi siklame umbhede wokuhlolwa kwekhanda lamanzi eliphezulu elinemisebenzi egcwele kanye nokunemba okuphezulu, okungenza izivivinyo zemodeli ku-tubular, ukugeleza okuxubile, ukugeleza kwe-axial kanye nemishini ye-hydraulic ehlehliswayo ngokulandelanayo, futhi ikhanda lamanzi lingafinyelela ku-150m. Ibhentshi lokuhlola lingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuhlolwa kwemodeli yamayunithi aqondile navundlile. Ibhentshi lokuhlola lakhiwe ngeziteshi ezimbili u-a no-B. lapho isiteshi sisebenza, kufakwa isiteshi B, esinganciphisa umjikelezo wokuhlola. A. B iziteshi ezimbili zabelana ngesethi eyodwa yesistimu yokulawula kagesi kanye nesistimu yokuhlola. Uhlelo lokulawula ugesi luthatha i-PROFIBUS njengomongo, i-NAIS fp10sh PLC njengesilawuli esikhulu, futhi i-IPC (ikhompyutha yokulawula izimboni) ibona ukulawula okumaphakathi. Uhlelo lwamukela ubuchwepheshe be-fieldbus ukuze bubone okuthuthukisiwe kwemodi yokulawula yedijithali, okuqinisekisa ukwethembeka, ukuphepha kanye nokugcinwa kalula kohlelo. Iwuhlelo lokuhlola umshini wokonga amanzi olunezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela eChina. Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yokulawula

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Ibhentshi lokuhlola ikhanda lamanzi aphezulu liqukethe izinjini zephampu ezimbili ezinamandla angu-550KW kanye nebanga lejubane elingu-250 ~ 1100r/min, asheshisa ukugeleza kwamanzi epayipini ukuya kumamitha ekhanda lamanzi adingwa umsebenzisi futhi agcine ikhanda lamanzi lisebenza kahle. Imingcele yomgijimi igadwa yi-dynamometer. Amandla e-motor dynamometer angama-500kW, ijubane liphakathi kuka-300 ~ 2300r / min, futhi kukhona i-dynamometer eyodwa eziteshini a kanye ne-B. Isimiso sebhentshi lokuhlola umshini we-hydraulic ekhanda eliphezulu liboniswa kuMfanekiso 1. Uhlelo ludinga ukuthi ukunemba kokulawula imoto kungaphansi kwamahora angu-0.00% futhi i-MTBF enkulu kunamahora angu-5. Ngemuva kocwaningo oluningi, uhlelo lokulawula isivinini lwe-DCS500 DC olukhiqizwa yinkampani * * * luyakhethwa. I-DCS500 ingathola imiyalo yokulawula ngezindlela ezimbili. Enye iwukwamukela amasiginali angu-4 ~ 20mA ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zejubane; Okwesibili ukufaka imojula ye-PROFIBUS DP ukuze uthole ngemodi yedijithali ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zejubane. Indlela yokuqala inokulawula okulula kanye nenani eliphansi, kodwa izophazanyiswa ekudluliseni kwamanje futhi ithinte ukunemba kokulawula; Nakuba indlela yesibili iyabiza, ingaqinisekisa ukunemba kwedatha nokulawula ukunemba enqubweni yokudlulisela. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lusebenzisa ama-DCS500 amane ukuze lulawule ama-dynamometer amabili kanye namamotho epompo amanzi amabili ngokulandelana. Njengesiteshi sezigqila se-PROFIBUS DP, lezi zisetshenziswa ezine zixhumana ne-master station PLC ngemodi yesigqila esikhulu. I-PLC ilawula ukuqala/ukuma kwe-dynamometer kanye nenjini yepompo yamanzi, idlulisa isivinini sokugijima kwemoto iye ku-DCS500 nge-PROFIBUS DP, futhi ithola isimo sokugijima kwemoto namapharamitha ku-DCS500.
I-PLC ikhetha imojula ye-afp37911 ekhiqizwe yi-NAIS Europe njengesiteshi esikhulu, esisekela izivumelwano ze-FMS ne-DP ngesikhathi esifanayo. I-module iyisiteshi esikhulu se-FMS, esiqaphela ukuxhumana kwemodi eyinhloko ne-IPC kanye nohlelo lokutholwa kwedatha; Futhi yisiteshi esikhulu se-DP, esiqaphela ukuxhumana kwezigqila ne-DCS500.
Yonke imingcele ye-dynamometer izoqoqwa futhi iboniswe esikrinini nge-VXI Bus Technology (eminye imingcele izoqoqwa yinkampani ye-VXI). I-IPC ixhuma nohlelo lokutholwa kwedatha nge-FMS ukuze iqedele ukuxhumana. Ukwakheka kwalo lonke uhlelo kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.

1.1 i-fieldbus PROFIBUS iyindinganiso eyakhiwe izinkampani eziyi-13 nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi ezi-5 kuphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa ehlanganyelwe. Ifakwe ohlwini lwaseYurophu olujwayelekile lwe-en50170 futhi ingelinye lamazinga e-fieldbus yezimboni anconywe e-China. Kubandakanya amafomu alandelayo:
I-PROFIBUS FMS ixazulula imisebenzi yokuxhumana ejwayelekile ezingeni le-workshop, ihlinzeka ngenani elikhulu lezinsizakalo zokuxhumana, futhi iqedela imisebenzi yokuxhumana ejikelezayo kanye nengenayo i-cyclic ngesivinini esiphakathi sokudlulisela. Imojula ye-Profibus ye-NAIS isekela izinga lokuxhumana le-1.2mbps futhi ayisekeli imodi yokuxhumana yomjikelezo. Ingakwazi kuphela ukuxhumana nezinye iziteshi eziyinhloko ze-FMS ngokusebenzisa i-MMA  ukudluliswa kwedatha okungewona umjikelezo ▄ ukuxhumeka okuyinhloko  futhi imojula ayihambisani ne-FMS. Ngakho-ke, ayikwazi ukusebenzisa uhlobo olulodwa lwe-PROFIBUS ekwakhiweni kwesikimu.
·PROFIBUS-DP  ukuxhumeka okuthuthukisiwe kwesivinini esikhulu nokushibhile kuklanyelwe ukuxhumana phakathi kwesistimu yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kanye nezinga lemishini ehlukaniselwe i-I/O. Ngenxa yokuthi i-DP ne-FMS zisebenzisa isimiso sokuxhumana esifanayo, zingahlala ndawonye engxenyeni yenethiwekhi efanayo. Phakathi kwe-NAIS kanye ne-a, msaz  ukudluliswa kwedatha okungewona umjikelezo  uxhumano lwe-master-slave  isiteshi sesigqila asikhulumi ngokukhuthele.
·PROFIBUS PA ✄ ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa obuphephile ngaphakathi ngaphakathi obuklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izinqubo ezishintshayo ▄ ibona izinqubo zokuxhumana ezicaciswe ku-iec1158-2 ▄ ngezikhathi ezinezidingo zokuphepha eziphezulu kanye neziteshi ezixhaswe yibhasi. Indlela yokudlulisa esetshenziswa ohlelweni ipheya esontekile yethusi evikelekile  umthetho olandelwayo wokuxhumana ngu-RS485 nezinga lokuxhumana ngu-500kbps. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-industrial fieldbus kunikeza isiqinisekiso sokuphepha nokuthembeka kohlelo.

1.2 Ikhompyutha ye-IPC yokulawula izimboni
Ikhompiyutha yokulawula yezimboni ephezulu isebenzisa ikhompyutha yokulawula izimboni yase-Taiwan Advantech  esebenzisa isistimu yokusebenza ye-Windows NT4 0  Isofthiwe yokucushwa kwemboni ye-WinCC yenkampani ye-Siemens isetshenziselwa ukubonisa ulwazi lwesimo sokusebenza sohlelo esikrinini esikhulu, futhi imele ngezithombe ukugeleza nokuvinjwa kwepayipi. Yonke idatha idluliselwa kusuka ku-PLC nge-PROFIBUS. I-IPC ifakwe ngaphakathi ngekhadi lenethiwekhi ye-profiboard elikhiqizwe inkampani yaseJalimane yokuthambisa, eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile i-PROFIBUS. Ngesofthiwe yokumisa ehlinzekwa ngokuthambisa, ukuxhumana kungaqedwa, ubudlelwano bokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi Cr (ubudlelwano bokuxhumana) kanye nesichazamazwi sento OD (isichazamazwi sento) kungasungulwa. I-WINCC ikhiqizwa ngabakwa-Siemens. Isekela kuphela ukuxhumana okuqondile ne-S5 / S7 PLC yenkampani, futhi ingaxhumana kuphela namanye ama-PLC ngobuchwepheshe be-DDE obunikezwa amawindi. Inkampani ethambile ihlinzeka ngesoftware yeseva ye-DDE ukuze ibone ukuxhumana kwe-PROFIBUS neWinCC.

I-1.3 PLC
I-Fp10sh yenkampani ye-NAIS ikhethwa njenge-PLC.

2 lawula imisebenzi yesistimu
Ngaphezu kokulawula amamotho wepompo amanzi amabili kanye nama-dynamometers amabili, uhlelo lokulawula ludinga futhi ukulawula ama-valve kagesi angama-28, amamotho anesisindo esi-4, ama-motor futha kawoyela ayi-8, ama-vacuum pump motors, ama-motor wepompo yokudonsa uwoyela angu-4 kanye nama-2 lubrication solenoid valves. Indlela okugeleza ngayo nokugeleza kwamanzi kulawulwa ngokushintshwa kwamavalvu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuhlola zabasebenzisi.

2.1 ikhanda elingapheli
Lungisa isivinini sepompo yamanzi: yenze izinze ngenani elithile, futhi ikhanda lamanzi liqinisekile ngalesi sikhathi; Lungisa isivinini se-dynamometer enanini elithile, futhi uqoqe idatha efanele ngemva kokuba isimo sokusebenza sizinzile imizuzu engu-2 ~ 4. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kuyadingeka ukugcina ikhanda lamanzi lingashintshiwe. Ikhodi disk ibekwa enjini yepompo yamanzi ukuze kuqoqwe isivinini semoto, ukuze i-DCS500 yakhe isilawuli se-loop evaliwe. Isivinini sephampu yamanzi sifakwa ngekhibhodi ye-IPC.

2.2 isivinini esingaguquki
Lungisa isivinini se-dynamometer ukuze uyenze izinze ngenani elithile. Ngalesi sikhathi, isivinini se-dynamometer sihlala njalo; Lungisa isivinini sepompo sibe yinani elithile (okungukuthi lungisa ikhanda), bese uqoqa idatha efanele ngemva kokuba isimo sokusebenza sizinzile imizuzu engu-2 ~ 4. I-DCS500 yenza iluphu evaliwe yejubane le-dynamometer ukuze kunziswe isivinini se-dynamometer.

2.3 Ukuhlolwa kokubaleka
Lungisa isivinini se-dynamometer sibe yinani elithile futhi ugcine isivinini se-dynamometer singashintshiwe  lungisa isivinini sepompo yamanzi ukuze wenze i-torque ephumayo ye-dynamometer isondele ku-zero (ngaphansi kwalesi simo sokusebenza, i-dynamometer isebenzela ukukhiqiza amandla nokusebenza kukagesi), futhi uqoqe idatha efanele. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ijubane lenjini yepompo yamanzi liyadingeka ukuze lihlale lingashintshiwe futhi lilungiswe yi-DCS500.

2.4 ukulinganisa ukugeleza
Isistimu ifakwe amathangi amabili okulungisa ukugeleza kokulinganisa i-flowmeter ohlelweni. Ngaphambi kokulinganisa, qala ngokunquma inani lokugeleza elimakiwe, bese uqala injini yepompo yamanzi bese ulungisa ngokuqhubekayo isivinini senjini yepompo yamanzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, naka inani lokugeleza. Lapho inani lokugeleza lifinyelela inani elidingekayo, qinisa injini yepompo yamanzi ngesivinini samanje (ngalesi sikhathi, amanzi azungeza epayipini lokulinganiswa). Setha isikhathi sokushintsha se-deflector. Ngemuva kokuthi isimo sokusebenza sizinzile, vula i-valve ye-solenoid, qala isikhathi, futhi ushintshe amanzi epayipi ku-tank yokulungisa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lapho isikhathi sesiphelile, i-valve ye-solenoid iyanqanyulwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, amanzi ashintshelwa epayipini lokulinganisa futhi. Yehlisa isivinini senjini yephampu yamanzi, uyimise ngesivinini esithile, futhi ufunde idatha efanele. Bese ukhipha amanzi bese ulinganisa iphuzu elilandelayo.

2.5 ukushintsha okwenziwa ngesandla / okuzenzakalelayo
Ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwamaphutha kwesistimu, ikhibhodi eyenziwa ngesandla idizayinelwe isistimu. U-opharetha angakwazi ukulawula isenzo se-valve ngokuzimela ngokusebenzisa ikhibhodi, engavinjelwa ukuhlanganisa. Uhlelo lusebenzisa imojuli ye-NAIS ye-I / O ekude, engenza ikhibhodi isebenze ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi sokushintsha okwenziwa ngesandla / okuzenzakalelayo, isimo se-valve sihlala singashintshile.
Uhlelo lwamukela i-PLC njengesilawuli esiyinhloko, esenza uhlelo lube lula futhi luqinisekise ukwethembeka okuphezulu nokugcinwa kalula kwesistimu; I-PROFIBUS ibona ukudluliswa kwedatha okuphelele, igwema ukuphazamiseka kukazibuthe kagesi, futhi yenza uhlelo luhlangabezane nezidingo zokunemba zomklamo; Ukwabelana ngedatha phakathi kwamadivaysi ahlukene kuyabonakala; Ukuvumelana nezimo kwe-PROFIBUS kunikeza izimo ezilula zokunwetshwa kwesistimu. Uhlelo lokuklama uhlelo ne-industrial fieldbus njengoba ingqikithi izoba inkomba yokusetshenziswa kwezimboni.


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-17-2022

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