Kufunika kwa malo oyesera chitsanzo cha turbine ya hydraulic pakukula kwa ukadaulo wa Hydropower

Benchi yoyesera ya hydraulic turbine imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa ukadaulo wamagetsi amadzi. Ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakukweza mtundu wa zinthu zamagetsi ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mayunitsi. Kupanga kwa wothamanga aliyense kuyenera kupanga kaye wothamanga wa chitsanzo ndikuyesa chitsanzocho poyesa mita yeniyeni ya siteshoni yamagetsi yamadzi pabendi yoyesera makina amadzi yamphamvu kwambiri. Ngati deta yonse ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito, wothamangayo akhoza kupangidwa mwalamulo. Chifukwa chake, opanga zida zamagetsi zakunja ali ndi mabenchi angapo oyesera mitu yamadzi yayitali kuti akwaniritse zosowa za ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kampani ya neyrpic ku France ili ndi mabenchi asanu apamwamba oyesera amitundu yolondola kwambiri; Hitachi ndi Toshiba ali ndi malo asanu oyesera okhala ndi mutu wamadzi woposa 50m. Malinga ndi zosowa za kupanga, bungwe lalikulu lofufuza zamakina amagetsi lapanga bendi yoyesera mitu yamadzi yayitali yokhala ndi ntchito zonse komanso kulondola kwambiri, yomwe imatha kuchita mayeso amitundu pamakina a tubular, mixed flow, axial flow ndi reversible hydraulic motsatana, ndipo mutu wamadzi ukhoza kufika 150m. Benchi yoyesera imatha kusintha mayeso amitundu yoyima ndi yopingasa. Benchi yoyesera yapangidwa ndi masiteshoni awiri a ndi B. siteshoni a ikagwira ntchito, siteshoni B imayikidwa, zomwe zingafupikitse nthawi yoyesera. A. B masiteshoni awiri amagawana seti imodzi ya makina owongolera magetsi ndi makina oyesera. Makina owongolera magetsi amatenga PROFIBUS ngati maziko, NAIS fp10sh PLC ngati wowongolera wamkulu, ndipo IPC (kompyuta yowongolera mafakitale) imayendetsa pakati. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa fieldbus kuti likwaniritse njira yowongolera digito yonse, yomwe imatsimikizira kudalirika, chitetezo komanso kusamalira kosavuta kwa dongosololi. Ndi makina owongolera mayeso owongolera makina osungira madzi okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ku China. Kuphatikizika kwa makina owongolera

Benchi yoyesera mutu wamadzi yayitali ili ndi ma mota awiri opompa omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya 550KW ndi liwiro la 250 ~ 1100r / min, zomwe zimathandizira kuyenda kwa madzi mu payipi kupita ku mita ya mutu wamadzi yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amafunikira ndikusunga mutu wamadzi ukuyenda bwino. Magawo a wothamanga amayang'aniridwa ndi dynamometer. Mphamvu ya mota ya dynamometer ndi 500kW, liwiro lake ndi pakati pa 300 ~ 2300r / min, ndipo pali dynamometer imodzi pa siteshoni a ndi B. Mfundo ya benchi yoyesera makina a hydraulic yamutu wapamwamba ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Dongosololi limafuna kuti kulondola kwa kuyendetsa mota kukhale kochepera 0.5% ndipo MTBF ndi yoposa maola 5000. Pambuyo pa kafukufuku wambiri, dongosolo lowongolera liwiro la DCS500 DC lopangidwa ndi kampani ya * * * limasankhidwa. DCS500 imatha kulandira malamulo owongolera m'njira ziwiri. Choyamba ndi kulandira zizindikiro 4 ~ 20mA kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za liwiro; Chachiwiri ndi kuwonjezera gawo la PROFIBUS DP kuti lilandire mu digito kuti likwaniritse zofunikira za liwiro. Njira yoyamba ili ndi kulamulira kosavuta komanso mtengo wotsika, koma idzasokonezedwa mu kutumiza kwamagetsi komwe kukuchitika ndipo idzakhudza kulondola kwa kuwongolera; Ngakhale njira yachiwiri ndi yokwera mtengo, imatha kutsimikizira kulondola kwa deta ndi kulondola kwa kuwongolera mu njira yotumizira. Chifukwa chake, dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito DCS500 zinayi kuti liwongolere ma dynamometer awiri ndi ma motor awiri opopera madzi motsatana. Monga siteshoni ya PROFIBUS DP ya akapolo, zida zinayizi zimalumikizana ndi siteshoni yayikulu ya PLC mu mode ya master-slave. PLC imayang'anira kuyambika / kuyimitsa kwa dynamometer ndi mota yopopera madzi, imatumiza liwiro la injini kupita ku DCS500 kudzera mu PROFIBUS DP, ndipo imapeza momwe injini imagwirira ntchito komanso magawo ake kuchokera ku DCS500.
PLC imasankha gawo la afp37911 lopangidwa ndi NAIS Europe ngati siteshoni yayikulu, yomwe imathandizira ma protocol a FMS ndi DP nthawi imodzi. Gawoli ndiye siteshoni yayikulu ya FMS, yomwe imakwaniritsa kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa njira yayikulu ndi IPC ndi njira yopezera deta; Ndi siteshoni yayikulu ya DP, yomwe imakwaniritsa kulumikizana kwa master-slave ndi DCS500.
Ma parameter onse a dynamometer adzasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwonetsedwa pazenera kudzera mu VXI Bus Technology (ma parameter ena adzasonkhanitsidwa ndi kampani ya VXI). IPC imalumikizana ndi njira yopezera deta kudzera mu FMS kuti ilumikizane bwino. Kapangidwe ka dongosolo lonse kakuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 2.

1.1 fieldbus PROFIBUS ndi muyezo wopangidwa ndi makampani 13 ndi mabungwe asanu ofufuza zasayansi mu polojekiti yogwirizanitsa. Walembedwa mu European standard en50170 ndipo ndi umodzi mwa miyezo ya mafakitale ya fieldbus yomwe ikulangizidwa ku China. Uli ndi mitundu iyi:
·PROFIBUS FMS imathetsa ntchito zonse zolumikizirana pamlingo wa msonkhano, imapereka mautumiki ambiri olumikizirana, ndipo imamaliza ntchito zolumikizirana za cyclic ndi noncyclic ndi liwiro lapakati lotumizira mauthenga. Gawo la Profibus la NAIS limathandizira liwiro la kulumikizana la 1.2mbps ndipo silithandizira njira yolumikizirana ya cyclic. Lingathe kulumikizana ndi malo ena akuluakulu a FMS pogwiritsa ntchito MMA  noncyclic data transmission  master connection  ndipo gawoli siligwirizana ndi FMS. Chifukwa chake, silingagwiritse ntchito mtundu umodzi wokha wa PROFIBUS popanga dongosolo.
·PROFIBUS-DP  Kulumikizana kothamanga kwambiri komanso kotsika mtengo kwapangidwa kuti kulumikizane pakati pa makina owongolera okha ndi mulingo wa zida zomwe zili ndi I / O. Chifukwa DP ndi FMS zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana yomweyi, zimatha kukhala limodzi mu gawo limodzi la netiweki. Pakati pa NAIS ndi a, msaz  kutumizira deta kosazungulira  kulumikizana kwa master-slave  siteshoni ya akapolo silankhulana mwachangu.
·PROFIBUS PA  ukadaulo wodziwika bwino wotetezeka wotumizira mauthenga womwe wapangidwira makina oyendetsera ntchito  umakwaniritsa njira zolumikizirana zomwe zafotokozedwa mu iec1158-2  pazochitika zomwe zili ndi zofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo ndi malo oyendetsedwa ndi basi. Cholumikizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosololi ndi chotchinga cha mkuwa chopindika  njira yolumikizirana ndi RS485 ndipo liwiro lolumikizirana ndi 500kbps. Kugwiritsa ntchito fieldbus yamafakitale kumapereka chitsimikizo cha chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa dongosololi.

1.2 Kompyuta yowongolera mafakitale ya IPC
Kompyuta yowongolera mafakitale yapamwamba imagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta yowongolera mafakitale ya Taiwan Advantech  yomwe ikugwiritsa ntchito Windows NT4 0 workstation operating system  Pulogalamu yokonza mafakitale ya WinCC ya kampani ya Siemens imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa zambiri za momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito pazenera lalikulu, ndikuyimira bwino momwe payipi imayendera komanso kutsekeka kwake. Deta yonse imatumizidwa kuchokera ku PLC kudzera pa PROFIBUS. IPC ili ndi khadi la netiweki ya profiboard yopangidwa ndi kampani yochepetsera magetsi yaku Germany, yomwe idapangidwira makamaka PROFIBUS. Kudzera mu pulogalamu yokonza yomwe imaperekedwa ndi kuchepetsera magetsi, maukonde amatha kumalizidwa, ubale wolumikizirana ndi maukonde Cr (ubale wolumikizirana) ndi dictionary ya zinthu OD (dictionary ya zinthu) zitha kukhazikitsidwa. WINCC imapangidwa ndi Siemens. Imathandizira kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi S5 / S7 PLC ya kampaniyo, ndipo imatha kulumikizana ndi ma PLC ena kudzera muukadaulo wa DDE woperekedwa ndi windows. Kampani yochepetsera magetsi imapereka mapulogalamu a seva ya DDE kuti akwaniritse kulumikizana kwa PROFIBUS ndi WinCC.

1.3 PLC
Fp10sh ya kampani ya NAIS yasankhidwa kukhala PLC.

2 ntchito zowongolera dongosolo
Kuwonjezera pa kuwongolera ma mota awiri opopera madzi ndi ma dynamometer awiri, makina owongolera amafunikanso kuwongolera ma valve amagetsi 28, ma mota anayi olemera, ma mota 8 opopera mafuta, ma mota atatu opopera vacuum, ma mota anayi opopera mafuta ndi ma valve awiri opopera mafuta. Kuyenda kwa madzi ndi kayendedwe ka madzi kumayendetsedwa kudzera mu switch ya ma valve kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za mayeso a ogwiritsa ntchito.

2.1 mutu wosasinthasintha
Sinthani liwiro la pampu yamadzi: ipangitseni kukhala yokhazikika pamtengo winawake, ndipo mutu wamadzi udzakhala wotsimikizika panthawiyi; Sinthani liwiro la dynamometer kukhala mtengo winawake, ndikusonkhanitsa deta yoyenera pambuyo poti mkhalidwe wa ntchito wakhazikika kwa mphindi 2 mpaka 4. Pa nthawi yoyesa, ndikofunikira kuti mutu wamadzi usasinthe. Disiki ya code imayikidwa pa mota ya pampu yamadzi kuti itenge liwiro la mota, kuti DCS500 ipange chowongolera chotsekedwa. Liwiro la pampu yamadzi limalowetsedwa ndi kiyibodi ya IPC.

Liwiro lokhazikika la 2.2
Sinthani liwiro la dynamometer kuti likhale lokhazikika pamtengo winawake. Panthawiyi, liwiro la dynamometer limakhala lokhazikika; Sinthani liwiro la pampu kufika pamtengo winawake (monga sinthani mutu), ndikusonkhanitsa deta yoyenera pambuyo poti ntchito yakhazikika kwa mphindi 2 mpaka 4. DCS500 imapanga kuzungulira kotsekedwa kwa liwiro la dynamometer kuti ikhazikitse liwiro la dynamometer.

2.3 mayeso othawa
Sinthani liwiro la dynamometer kufika pamtengo winawake ndikusunga liwiro la dynamometer lisasinthe  Sinthani liwiro la pampu yamadzi kuti mphamvu yotulutsa ya dynamometer ikhale pafupi ndi zero (pansi pa izi, dynamometer imagwira ntchito popanga magetsi ndi magetsi), ndikusonkhanitsa deta yoyenera. Pa nthawi yoyesa, liwiro la mota ya pampu yamadzi limafunika kuti lisasinthe ndikusinthidwa ndi DCS500.

2.4 Kuwerengera kayendedwe ka madzi
Dongosololi lili ndi matanki awiri owongolera kayendedwe ka madzi kuti azitha kuyeza flowmeter mu dongosololi. Musanayeze, choyamba yang'anani kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuwonetsedwa, kenako yambani injini ya pampu yamadzi ndikusintha liwiro la injini ya pampu yamadzi mosalekeza. Panthawiyi, samalani kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda. Mtengo wa madziwo ukafika pamtengo wofunikira, khazikitsani injini ya pampu yamadzi pa liwiro lamagetsi (panthawiyi, madzi amazungulira mu pipe ya calibration). Khazikitsani nthawi yosinthira ya deflector. Pambuyo poti ntchito yakhazikika, yatsani valavu ya solenoid, yambani nthawi, ndikusintha madzi omwe ali mu pipe kupita ku thanki yowongolera nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi yokwanira ikatha, valavu ya solenoid imachotsedwa. Panthawiyi, madzi amasinthidwanso kupita ku pipe ya calibration. Chepetsani liwiro la injini ya pampu yamadzi, ikhazikitseni pa liwiro linalake, ndikuwerenga zambiri zoyenera. Kenako tulutsani madziwo ndikukonza mfundo yotsatira.

Kusintha kwa 2.5 pamanja / kodziyimira payokha kosasokonezeka
Pofuna kukonza ndi kukonza zolakwika pa makina, kiyibodi yopangidwa ndi manja imapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa makinawo. Wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuwongolera momwe valavu imagwirira ntchito payokha kudzera pa kiyibodi, zomwe sizimalepheretsedwa ndi kutsekeka. Makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito gawo la NAIS la I / O, lomwe lingapangitse kiyibodi kugwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pakusintha kwamanja / kodziyimira payokha, momwe valavu imagwirira ntchito sikusintha.
Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito PLC ngati chowongolera chachikulu, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti dongosololi likhale losavuta komanso lodalirika komanso losavuta kusamalira; PROFIBUS imakwaniritsa kutumiza deta kwathunthu, imapewa kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiromagineti, ndipo imapangitsa dongosololi kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake kolondola; Kugawana deta pakati pa zida zosiyanasiyana kumachitika; Kusinthasintha kwa PROFIBUS kumapereka mikhalidwe yabwino yokulitsa dongosololi. Ndondomeko yopangira dongosolo yokhala ndi fieldbus yamakampani ngati maziko idzakhala gawo lalikulu la ntchito zamafakitale.