1 Isingeniso
I-Turbine governor ingenye yezinto ezimbili ezinkulu ezilawulayo zamayunithi aphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Ayidlali kuphela indima yokulawula isivinini, kodwa futhi yenza ukuguqulwa kwezimo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene kanye nemvamisa, amandla, i-engeli yesigaba kanye nokunye ukulawula amayunithi aphehla ugesi ngamanzi futhi ivikela isondo lamanzi. Umsebenzi wesethi yejeneretha. Ababusi be-turbine badlule ezigabeni ezintathu zokuthuthuka: ababusi abasebenza ngomshini, ababusi be-electro-hydraulic kanye nababusi be-microcomputer digital hydraulic. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izilawuli ezihlelekayo ziye zafakwa ezinhlelweni zokulawula isivinini se-turbine, ezinekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu; uhlelo lokusebenza olulula futhi olulula; isakhiwo se-modular, ukuguquguquka okuhle, ukuguquguquka, nokugcinwa okulula; Inezinzuzo zokulawula okuqinile nekhono lokushayela; sekuqinisekisiwe.
Kuleli phepha, kuhlongozwa ucwaningo lwe-PLC hydraulic turbine dual adjustment system, futhi isilawuli esihlelekayo sisetshenziselwa ukubona ukulungiswa okukabili kwe-vane yomhlahlandlela kanye ne-paddle, okuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuxhumana kwe-vane yomhlahlandlela kanye ne-vane yamakhanda amanzi ahlukene. Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi uhlelo olukabili lokulawula luthuthukisa izinga lokusebenzisa amandla amanzi.
2. Uhlelo lokulawula i-turbine
2.1 Uhlelo lokulawula i-turbine
Umsebenzi oyisisekelo wesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-turbine ukushintsha ukuvulwa kwama-vanes angumhlahlandlela we-turbine ngokufanele ngokusebenzisa umbusi lapho umthwalo wesistimu yamandla ushintsha futhi isivinini sokujikeleza kweyunithi sichezuka, ukuze isivinini sokujikeleza kwe-turbine sigcinwe ngaphakathi kwebanga elishiwo, ukuze kwenziwe iyunithi ye-generator isebenze. Amandla okukhiphayo nemvamisa ahlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzisi. Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yokulawula i-turbine ingahlukaniswa ibe ukulawulwa kwesivinini, ukulawulwa kwamandla asebenzayo kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga lamanzi.
2.2 Umgomo wokulawula i-turbine
Iyunithi ye-hydro-generator iyunithi eyakhiwe ngokuxhuma i-hydro-turbine kanye nejeneretha. Ingxenye ejikelezayo yesethi ye-hydro-generator iwumzimba oqinile ozungeza i-eksisi engaguquki, futhi isibalo sawo singachazwa ngesibalo esilandelayo:
Kufomula
——Isikhathi se-inertia yengxenye ejikelezayo yeyunithi (Kg m2)
——Ijubane lokuzungeza i-angular (rad/s)
——I-torque ye-Turbine (N/m), okuhlanganisa nokulahlekelwa komshini nokulahleka kukagesi.
——I-torque yokumelana ne-generator, ebhekisela ku-torque esebenzayo ye-generator stator ku-rotor, isiqondiso sayo siphambene nesiqondiso sokujikeleza, futhi simelela ukuphuma kwamandla asebenzayo we-generator, okungukuthi, ubukhulu bomthwalo.
Lapho umthwalo ushintsha, ukuvulwa kwe-vane yomhlahlandlela kuhlala kungashintshiwe, futhi isivinini seyunithi sisengakwazi ukuzinza ngenani elithile. Ngenxa yokuthi isivinini sizochezuka enanini elilinganiselwe, akwanele ukuncika ekhonweni lokuzilungisa lokuzilinganisa ukuze ulondoloze isivinini. Ukuze ugcine isivinini seyunithi enanini elilinganiselwe langempela ngemva kokushintshwa komthwalo, kungabonakala kuMfanekiso 1 ukuthi kuyadingeka ukushintsha ukuvulwa kwe-vane yomhlahlandlela ngendlela efanele. Lapho umthwalo wehla, lapho i-torque yokumelana ishintsha isuka ku-1 iye ku-2, ukuvulwa kwe-vane yomhlahlandlela kuzoncishiswa ku-1, futhi ijubane leyunithi lizogcinwa. Ngakho-ke, ngokushintshwa komthwalo, ukuvulwa kwendlela yokuqondisa amanzi kuguqulwa ngokufanayo, ukuze isivinini seyunithi ye-hydro-generator sigcinwe ngenani elinqunyiwe, noma izinguquko ngokuvumelana nomthetho onqunywe kusengaphambili. Le nqubo iwukulungiswa kwesivinini kweyunithi ye-hydro-generator. , noma ukulawulwa kwe-turbine.
3. I-PLC hydraulic turbine dual adjustment system
Umbusi we-turbine kufanele alawule ukuvulwa kwama-vanes omhlahlandlela wamanzi ukuze alungise ukugeleza kumgijimi we-turbine, ngaleyo ndlela aguqule i-torque eguquguqukayo ye-turbine kanye nokulawula imvamisa yeyunithi ye-turbine. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-axial-flow rotary paddle turbine, umbusi akufanele alungise kuphela ukuvulwa kwama-vanes omhlahlandlela, kodwa futhi alungise i-angle yama-blade omgijimi ngokusho kwe-stroke kanye nenani lekhanda lamanzi lomlandeli we-guide vane, ukuze i-vane yomhlahlandlela ne-vane ixhumeke. Gcina ubudlelwano bokusebenzisana phakathi kwabo, okungukuthi, ubudlelwano bokusebenzisana, obungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-turbine, ukunciphisa i-blade cavitation nokudlidliza kweyunithi, futhi kuthuthukise ukuzinza kokusebenza kwe-turbine.
I-hardware ye-PLC yokulawula i-turbine vane system ikakhulukazi yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili, okuyi-PLC isilawuli kanye nesistimu ye-hydraulic servo. Okokuqala, ake sixoxe ngesakhiwo sehadiwe yesilawuli se-PLC.
3.1 Isilawuli se-PLC
Isilawuli se-PLC sakhiwe ikakhulukazi iyunithi yokufaka, iyunithi eyisisekelo ye-PLC kanye neyunithi yokuphumayo. Iyunithi yokufaka yakhiwe imojula ye-A/D kanye nemojula yokufaka yedijithali, futhi iyunithi yokukhiphayo yakhiwe imojuli ye-D/A kanye nemojula yokufaka yedijithali. Isilawuli se-PLC sifakwe isibonisi sedijithali se-LED ukuze kubonwe ngesikhathi sangempela amapharamitha esistimu ye-PID, indawo yomlandeli we-vane, isikhundla somlandeli we-vane oqondisayo kanye nenani lekhanda lamanzi. I-analog voltmeter iphinde ihlinzekwe ukuze igade indawo yomlandeli we-vane uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwesilawuli se-microcomputer.
3.2 Uhlelo lokulandela i-Hydraulic
I-hydraulic servo system iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokulawula i-turbine vane. Isignali yokuphumayo yesilawuli ikhuliswa ngamanzi ukuze ilawule ukunyakaza komlandeli we-vane, ngaleyo ndlela ilungise i-engeli yama-runner blades. Samukele inhlanganisela yokulawulwa kwe-valve yokulinganisa okuyinhloko ye-valve yohlobo lwe-electro-hydraulic control system kanye nesistimu yokulawula umshini-hydraulic yendabuko ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lokulawula oluhambisanayo lwe-electro-hydraulic proportional valve kanye ne-machine-hydraulic valve njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Uhlelo lokulandelela lwe-hydraulic lwama-turbine blades.
Isistimu yokulandela i-Hydraulic yama-turbine blades
Lapho isilawuli se-PLC, i-electro-hydraulic proportional valve kanye nenzwa yesikhundla konke kujwayelekile, i-PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control method isetshenziswa ukulungisa uhlelo lwe-turbine vane, inani lempendulo yesikhundla kanye nenani lokukhiphayo lokulawula kudluliselwa ngamasignali kagesi, futhi amasignali ahlanganiswa isilawuli se-PLC. , ukucubungula nokuthatha izinqumo, lungisa ukuvuleka kwe-valve ye-valve yokusabalalisa ingcindezi enkulu ngokusebenzisa i-valve yokulingana ukuze ulawule indawo yomlandeli we-vane, futhi ugcine ubudlelwano bokubambisana phakathi kwe-vane yomhlahlandlela, ikhanda lamanzi kanye ne-vane. I-turbine vane system elawulwa yi-electro-hydraulic proportional valve inokunemba okuphezulu kwe-synergy, ukwakheka kwesistimu elula, ukumelana nokungcoliswa kukawoyela okuqinile, futhi kulula ukuxhumana nesilawuli se-PLC ukwenza uhlelo lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo lwe-microcomputer.
Ngenxa yokugcinwa komshini wokuxhumanisa, kumodi yokulawula ngokulinganayo ye-electro-hydraulic, indlela yokuxhuma yomshini iphinde isebenze ngokuhambisanayo ukuze ilandelele isimo sokusebenza sohlelo. Uma i-PLC i-electro-hydraulic proportional proportional system yehluleka, i-valve yokushintsha izosebenza ngokushesha, futhi indlela yokuxhuma yomshini ingalandelela ngokuyisisekelo ukusebenza kwesistimu yokulawula ngokulinganayo ye-electro-hydraulic. Lapho ushintsha, umthelela wesistimu mncane, futhi isistimu ye-vane ingakwazi ukushintshela ku-Imodi yokulawula inhlangano yomshini iqinisekisa kakhulu ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwesistimu.
Lapho siklama umjikelezo we-hydraulic, sakha kabusha umzimba we-valve we-valve yokulawula i-hydraulic, usayizi ohambisanayo womzimba we-valve nomkhono we-valve, usayizi wokuxhuma womzimba we-valve kanye ne-valve yokucindezela okukhulu, kanye nomshini Ubukhulu benduku yokuxhuma phakathi kwe-valve ye-hydraulic kanye ne-valve yokusabalalisa ingcindezi eyinhloko iyafana neyokuqala. Umzimba we-valve we-valve ye-hydraulic kuphela odinga ukushintshwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa, futhi azikho ezinye izingxenye ezidinga ukushintshwa. Isakhiwo sayo yonke i-hydraulic control system ihlangene kakhulu. Ngesisekelo sokugcina ngokuphelele umshini wokusebenzisana, indlela yokulawula ngokulinganayo ye-electro-hydraulic yengezwa ukuze kube lula ukuxhumana nesilawuli se-PLC ukuze kuqashwe ukulawula ukusebenzisana kwedijithali futhi kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokuxhumana kwesistimu ye-turbine vane. ; Futhi inqubo yokufaka nokulungisa iphutha yesistimu ilula kakhulu, enciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula seyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine, yenza kube lula ukuguqulwa kwesistimu yokulawula i-hydraulic ye-hydraulic turbine, futhi inenani elihle elisebenzayo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwangempela esizeni, uhlelo lunconywa kakhulu ngonjiniyela kanye nabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe besiteshi sikagesi, futhi kukholakala ukuthi lungenziwa ludume futhi lusetshenziswe ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic servo lombusi weziteshi eziningi zikagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi.
3.3 Isakhiwo sesofthiwe yesistimu kanye nendlela yokuqalisa
Kuhlelo lwe-PLC-controlled turbine vane system, indlela yedijithali ye-synergy isetshenziselwa ukubona ubudlelwano phakathi kwama-vanes omhlahlandlela, ikhanda lamanzi nokuvuleka kwe-vane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela ye-synergy yendabuko, indlela ye-digital synergy inezinzuzo zokunquma ipharamitha elula, Inezinzuzo zokulungisa iphutha nokugcinwa okulula, kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kokuhlangana. Isakhiwo sesofthiwe yesistimu yokulawula i-vane ikakhulukazi yakhiwe uhlelo lokusebenza lokulungiswa kwesistimu, uhlelo lokulawula i-algorithm kanye nohlelo lokuxilongwa. Ngezansi sixoxa ngezindlela zokufeza lezi zingxenye ezintathu ezingenhla zohlelo ngokulandelana kwazo. Uhlelo lomsebenzi wokulungisa ngokuyinhloko luhlanganisa isimiso esingaphansi kwe-synergy, isimiso esingaphansi sokuqala i-vane, isimiso esingaphansi sokumisa i-vane kanye nesimiso esingaphansi sokuchithwa komthwalo we-vane. Uma isistimu isebenza, iqala ihlonze futhi yehlulele isimo samanje sokusebenza, bese iqala iswishi yesofthiwe, isebenzise isimiso esihambisanayo sokulungisa umsebenzi ongaphansi, futhi ibala inani elinikeziwe lenani lomlandeli we-vane.
(1) Uhlelo olungaphansi kwenhlangano
Ngokuhlolwa kwemodeli yeyunithi ye-turbine, iqoqo lamaphuzu akaliwe endaweni ehlangene ingatholwa. Ikhamera ehlangene yomshini yendabuko yenziwa ngokusekelwe kulawa maphuzu alinganisiwe, futhi indlela yokuhlanganisa yedijithali iphinde isebenzisa lawa maphuzu alinganiselwe ukudweba isethi yamajika ahlangene. Ukukhetha amaphuzu aziwayo ejikeni lenhlangano njengama-node, futhi kwamukele indlela yokuhunyushwa kwe-piecewise linear yomsebenzi kanambambili, inani lomsebenzi wokungewona amanodi kulo mugqa wenhlangano lingatholakala.
(2) Uhlelo lokuqalisa kabusha lwe-Vane
Inhloso yokufunda umthetho wokuqalisa uwukunciphisa isikhathi sokuqalisa seyunithi, ukunciphisa umthwalo we-thrust bear, nokudala izimo ezixhunywe kugridi zeyunithi ye-generator.
(3) I-Vane stop subroutine
Imithetho yokuvala yama-vanes imi kanje: lapho isilawuli sithola umyalo wokuvala, ama-vanes nama-vanes omhlahlandlela avaliwe ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokuvumelana nobudlelwane bokubambisana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kweyunithi: lapho ukuvulwa kwe-vane ye-guide kungaphansi kokuvula okungenamthwalo, i-vanes lag Lapho i-vane yokuqondisa ivalwa kancane kancane, ubudlelwane bokubambisana phakathi kwe-vane ne-vane yomhlahlandlela abusagcinwa; lapho isivinini seyunithi sehla ngaphansi kuka-80% wejubane elilinganiselwe, i-vane iphinda ivulwe i-engeli yokuqala Φ0, ilungele ukuqalisa okulandelayo Lungiselela.
(4) Indlela engaphansi yokwenqatshwa kwe-blade load
Ukwenqatshwa komthwalo kusho ukuthi iyunithi enomthwalo inqanyulwa kugridi yamandla ngokuzumayo, okwenza iyunithi nesistimu yokuphambukisa amanzi ibe esimweni esibi sokusebenza, esihlobene ngokuqondile nokuphepha kwesikhungo samandla kanye neyunithi. Lapho ukulayishwa kuchithwa, umbusi ulingana nedivayisi yokuvikela, okwenza ama-vane omhlahlandlela kanye nama-vanes avale ngokushesha kuze kube yilapho isivinini seyunithi sehla siye endaweni yesivinini esilinganiselwe. ukuzinza. Ngakho-ke, ekuchithweni kwangempela komthwalo, ama-vanes ngokuvamile avulwa nge-engeli ethile. Lokhu kuvuleka kutholakala ngokuhlolwa kokucishwa kukagesi kwesiteshi sangempela sikagesi. Ingaqinisekisa ukuthi uma iyunithi ichitha umthwalo, hhayi nje ukukhuphuka kwejubane kuncane, kodwa futhi iyunithi iqinile. .
4 Isiphetho
Uma kubhekwa isimo samanje sobuchwepheshe bemboni yezwe lami ephethe i-hydraulic turbine governor, leli phepha libhekisela olwazini olusha emkhakheni wokulawula isivinini se-hydraulic turbine ekhaya naphesheya, futhi lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-programmable logic controller (PLC) ekulawuleni isivinini sesethi yejeneretha ye-hydraulic turbine. Isilawuli sohlelo (i-PLC) siwumgogodla wesistimu ye-axial-flow paddle-type hydraulic turbine dual-regulation system. Uhlelo lokusebenza lubonisa ukuthi uhlelo luthuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokuxhumana phakathi kwe-vane yomhlahlandlela kanye ne-vane ngezimo ezihlukene zekhanda lamanzi, futhi lithuthukisa izinga lokusebenzisa amandla amanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-11-2022
