I-injini yokusabela inokohlulwa ibe yiinjini yeinjini ye-Francis, i-axial turbine, i-diagonal turbine kunye ne-tubular turbine. Kwi-injini yomoya kaFrancis, amanzi aqukuqela ngokwe-radially kwindlela yesikhokelo samanzi kunye ne-axially ngaphandle kwembaleki; Kwi-axial flow turbine, amanzi aqukuqela ukuya kwi-vane yesikhokelo ngokwe-radially nangaphakathi nangaphandle kwembaleki nge-axially; Kwi-diagonal flow turbine, amanzi aqukuqela ukuya kwi-vane yesikhokhelo ngokwe-radially kwaye kwimbaleki kwicala elithambekele kwi-engile ethile ye-shaft engundoqo, okanye kwi-vane yesikhokelo kunye nembaleki kwicala elithambekele kwi-shaft engundoqo; Kwi-tubular turbine, amanzi aqukuqela kwi-vane yesikhokelo kunye nembaleki ecaleni kwe-axial direction. I-Axial flow turbine, i-tubular turbine kunye ne-diagonal flow turbine nazo zinokwahlulwa zibe luhlobo olusisigxina lwe-propeller kunye nohlobo lwe-propeller ejikelezayo ngokwesakhiwo sabo. Iibhleyidi zembaleki eziqingqiweyo zilungisiwe; I-rotor blade yohlobo lwe-propeller inokujikeleza malunga ne-blade shaft ngexesha lokusebenza ukulungelelanisa utshintsho lwentloko yamanzi kunye nomthwalo.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeinjini zokusabela zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokungena emanzini. Izixhobo zokungenisa amanzi zei-injini ezinkulu neziphakathi ezithe nkqo zeshaft ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngevolute, ivane yesikhokelo esisisigxina kunye nesikhokelo esishukumayo. Umsebenzi we-volute kukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo ukuhamba kwamanzi malunga nomgijimi. Xa intloko yamanzi ingaphantsi kwama-40m, i-spiral case ye-hydraulic turbine idla ngokugalelwa ngekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo kwisiza; Xa intloko yamanzi ingaphezulu kwe-40m, i-metal spiral case ye-butt welding okanye i- integral casting isoloko isetyenziswa.
Kwi-injini yokusabela, ukuhamba kwamanzi kuzalisa umjelo wembaleki wonke, kwaye zonke iiblade zichatshazelwa kukuhamba kwamanzi ngaxeshanye. Ngoko ke, phantsi kwentloko enye, i-diameter yembaleki incinci kune-injini ye-impulse. Ukusebenza kwabo kukwaphezulu kunaleyo ye-injini ye-impulse, kodwa xa umthwalo uguquka, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini yomoya kuchaphazeleka ukuya kumaqondo ahlukeneyo.
Zonke iiinjini zokusabela zixhotyiswe ngeetyhubhu eziyidrafti, ezisetyenziselwa ukubuyisela amandla ekinetic okumpompoza kwamanzi kwindawo yembaleki; Khupha amanzi ezantsi komlambo; Xa indawo yokufakela umgijimi iphezulu kunomgangatho wamanzi asezantsi, la mandla anokubakho aguqulwa abe ngamandla oxinzelelo lokubuyisela. Kwi-hydraulic turbine enentloko ephantsi kunye nokuhamba okukhulu, i-outlet kinetic energy yomgijimi inkulu kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kokubuyisela kwi-tube eyidrafti kunempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwe-hydraulic turbine.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-11-2022
