Kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a turbine yoyankhira

Turbine ya reaction ingagawidwe m'magulu a Francis turbine, axial turbine, diagonal turbine ndi tubular turbine. Mu Francis turbine, madzi amalowa mu radially mu water guide mechanism ndi axially kuchokera mu runner; Mu axial flow turbine, madzi amalowa mu guide vane radially ndi kulowa mu runner axially; Mu diagonal flow turbine, madzi amalowa mu guide vane radially ndi kulowa mu runner mu direction yomwe imalunjika ku ngodya inayake ya main shaft, kapena mu guide vane ndi runner mu direction yomwe imalunjika ku main shaft; Mu tubular turbine, madzi amalowa mu guide vane ndi runner motsatira axial direction. Axial flow turbine, tubular turbine ndi diagonal flow turbine zitha kugawidwanso m'mitundu yokhazikika ya propeller ndi mtundu wozungulira wa propeller malinga ndi kapangidwe kake. Fixed paddle runner blades zimakhazikika; Rotor blade ya propeller type imatha kuzungulira blade shaft panthawi yogwira ntchito kuti igwirizane ndi kusintha kwa madzi ndi katundu.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma turbine ochitira zinthu ili ndi zipangizo zolowera madzi. Zipangizo zolowera madzi za ma turbine akuluakulu ndi apakatikati nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi volute, fixed guide vane ndi movable guide vane. Ntchito ya volute ndikugawa madzi mofanana mozungulira runner. Pamene mutu wa madzi uli pansi pa 40m, spiral case ya hydraulic turbine nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi konkriti yolimbikitsidwa pamalopo; Pamene mutu wa madzi uli pamwamba pa 40m, spiral case yachitsulo ya butt welding kapena integral casting nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mu turbine yoyankhira, madzi amadzaza njira yonse yoyendera, ndipo masamba onse amakhudzidwa ndi madzi nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake, pansi pa mutu womwewo, m'mimba mwake wa runner ndi wocheperako kuposa wa turbine yoyendera. Mphamvu yawo imaposanso ya turbine yoyendera, koma katundu akasintha, mphamvu ya turbine imakhudzidwa mosiyanasiyana.

Ma turbine onse ochitira zinthu ali ndi machubu odulira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubweza mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka madzi pamalo otulutsira madzi; Kutulutsa madzi pansi pa mtsinje; Pamene malo oyikapo a wodulira ali pamwamba kuposa madzi otsika, mphamvu imeneyi imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yokakamiza kuti ibwezeretsedwe. Pa turbine ya hydraulic yokhala ndi mutu wochepa komanso kuyenda kwakukulu, mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka madzi yotulutsira madzi ya wodulira imakhala yayikulu, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a chubu chodulira madzi amakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a turbine ya hydraulic.