1 Okwu mmalite
Gọvanọ Turbine bụ otu n'ime akụrụngwa abụọ bụ isi na-achịkwa mpaghara mmiri ọkụ. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke nhazi ọsọ ọsọ, ma na-arụkwa ọrụ dị iche iche ngbanwe ọnọdụ ọrụ na ugboro ugboro, ike, akụkụ akụkụ na njikwa ndị ọzọ nke hydroelectric na-emepụta nkeji ma na-echebe ụkwụ mmiri. Ọrụ nke generator set. Ndị gọvanọ Turbine agabigala usoro mmepe atọ: ndị gọvanọ hydraulic igwe, ndị gọvanọ electro-hydraulic na ndị gọvanọ hydraulic dijitalụ microcomputer. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-ewebata ndị na-ahụ maka mmemme n'ime usoro njikwa ngwa ngwa turbine, nke nwere ikike mgbochi mgbochi siri ike na ntụkwasị obi dị elu; mmemme na ọrụ dị mfe ma dị mfe; Ọdịdị modular, ezigbo mgbanwe, mgbanwe, na nhazi dị mma; Ọ nwere uru nke ọrụ njikwa siri ike na ikike ịnya ụgbọ ala; enyochala ya nke ọma.
N'ime akwụkwọ a, a na-atụ aro nyocha nke PLC hydraulic turbine dual correct system, na onye na-ahụ maka mmemme na-eme ka a mata nhazi abụọ nke vane ndu na paddle, nke na-eme ka nhazi nhazi nke vane ndu na vane maka isi mmiri dị iche iche. Omume na-egosi na usoro nchịkwa abụọ na-eme ka ọnụọgụ nke ike mmiri na-arụ ọrụ dị mma.
2. Usoro nhazi nke turbine
2.1 Sistemụ njikwa turbine
Ọrụ bụ isi nke usoro njikwa ngwa ngwa turbine bụ ịgbanwe oghere nke vanes ndu nke turbine ahụ n'ihi ya site na gọvanọ mgbe ibu nke usoro ike na-agbanwe na ntụgharị ntụgharị nke unit ahụ na-agbanwe, nke mere na a na-edobe ọsọ ntụgharị nke turbine n'ime oke a kapịrị ọnụ, iji mee ka onye na-emepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ. Ike mmepụta na ugboro na-emezu ihe onye ọrụ chọrọ. Enwere ike kewaa ọrụ ndị bụ isi nke nhazi turbine na nhazi ọsọ ọsọ, njikwa ike na-arụ ọrụ na nhazi ọkwa mmiri.
2.2 Ụkpụrụ nke nhazi turbine
Otu hydro-generator bụ otu nke etolite site na ijikọ hydro-turbine na generator. Akụkụ a na-atụgharị nke igwe hydro-generator bụ ahụ siri ike nke na-agbagharị gburugburu axis a kapịrị ọnụ, enwere ike ịkọwa nha ya site na nhata ndị a:
Na usoro
——Oge inertia nke akụkụ na-atụgharị nke otu (Kg m2)
——Ọsọ nke akụkụ ntụgharị ntụgharị (rad/s)
——Turbine torque (N/m), gụnyere generator n'ibu na ọkụ eletrik.
——Generator eguzogide torque, nke na-ezo aka na-eme ihe ike nke generator stator na rotor, ya ntụziaka na-emegide n'usoro ntụgharị, na-anọchi anya generator na-arụ ọrụ ike mmepụta, ya bụ, size nke ibu.
Mgbe ibu ahụ gbanwere, oghere nke vane nduzi na-anọgide na-agbanweghị, na ọsọ nke otu ahụ ka nwere ike ịkwado ya na ụfọdụ uru. N'ihi na ọsọ ahụ ga-agbapụ site na ọnụ ahịa a kwadoro, ọ gaghị ezuru ịdabere na nhazi nhazi nke onwe ya iji nọgide na-agba ọsọ. Iji mee ka ọsọ nke unit ahụ dị na ọnụahịa mbụ a kwadoro mgbe ibu ahụ gbanwere, enwere ike ịhụ ya site na foto 1 na ọ dị mkpa ịgbanwe vane nduzi na-emeghe ya. Mgbe ibu ahụ na-ebelata, mgbe nkwụsị nke nkwụsị na-agbanwe site na 1 ruo 2, oghere nke vane ndu ga-ebelata na 1, a ga-echekwa ọsọ nke unit ahụ. Ya mere, na ngbanwe nke ibu ahụ, a na-agbanwe oghere nke usoro nduzi mmiri n'otu aka ahụ, nke mere na a na-edobe ngwa ngwa nke hydro-generator na uru a kara aka, ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe dịka iwu a kara aka. Usoro a bụ nhazi ngwa ngwa nke otu hydro-generator. , ma ọ bụ usoro turbine.
3. PLC hydraulic turbine dual nhazi usoro
Gọvanọ turbine bụ ịchịkwa mmeghe nke vanes nduzi mmiri iji dozie ihe na-asọba n'ime onye na-agba ọsọ nke turbine, si otú ahụ na-agbanwe ike na-agbanwe agbanwe nke turbine ma na-achịkwa ugboro nke turbine unit. Otú ọ dị, n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ nke axial-flow rotary paddle turbine, onye ọchịchị kwesịrị ọ bụghị nanị na-edozi oghere nke vanes ndu, ma na-edozikwa akụkụ nke oghere ndị na-agba ọsọ dị ka strok na isi mmiri isi uru nke onye na-eso ụzọ vane, nke mere na onye ndu vane na vane na-ejikọta ya. Nọgide na-enwe mmekọrịta nkwado n'etiti ha, ya bụ, mmekọrịta nhazi, nke nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke turbine, belata cavitation agụba na ịma jijiji nke unit ahụ, ma welie nkwụsi ike nke ọrụ nke turbine.
Ngwaike nke sistemụ turbine vane PLC bụ nke akụkụ abụọ mejupụtara, ya bụ PLC njikwa na hydraulic servo system. Nke mbụ, ka anyị tụlee nhazi ngwaike nke PLC njikwa.
3.1 PLC njikwa
Onye njikwa PLC na-abụkarị nke ntinye ntinye, ngalaba PLC na ngalaba mmepụta. Usoro ntinye bụ nke modul A/D na modul ntinye dijitalụ, na mmepụta ihe mejupụtara D/A modul na modul ntinye dijitalụ. Onye na-ahụ maka PLC nwere ihe ngosi dijitalụ LED maka nleba anya ozugbo nke usoro PID sistemu, ọnọdụ onye na-eso ụzọ vane, ọnọdụ onye na-eso ụzọ vane na uru isi mmiri. A na-enyekwa voltmeter analog iji nyochaa ọnọdụ onye na-eso ụzọ vane ma ọ bụrụ na njikwa microcomputer dara.
3.2 Usoro nleba anya hydraulic
Sistemụ servo hydraulic bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke sistemụ njikwa turbine vane. Mgbama mmepụta nke onye na-ahụ maka njikwa na-abawanye hydraulically iji chịkwaa mmegharị nke onye na-eso vane, si otú ahụ na-edozi akụkụ nke oghere ndị na-agba ọsọ. Anyị nakweere nchikota nke proportional valve njikwa isi nrụgide valve ụdị electro-hydraulic control system na usoro omenala igwe-hydraulic njikwa usoro iji mepụta usoro njikwa hydraulic yiri nke valvụ electro-hydraulic proportional valve na igwe-hydraulic valve dị ka egosiri na Figure 2. Hydraulic usoro na-esochi usoro maka turbine blades.
Usoro nleba anya hydraulic maka turbine agụba
Mgbe onye na-ahụ maka PLC, valvụ electro-hydraulic proportional valve na ihe mmetụta ọnọdụ bụ ihe nkịtị, a na-eji usoro PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control system iji dozie usoro turbine vane, ọnụahịa nzaghachi ọnọdụ na njikwa mmepụta na-ebufe site na akara eletriki, na akara ngosi na-arụ ọrụ site na njikwa PLC. , Nhazi na ime mkpebi, gbanwee oghere valve nke isi ihe nkesa nrụgide site na valvụ nha nha iji chịkwaa ọnọdụ nke onye na-eso ụzọ vane, ma nọgide na-enwe mmekọrịta n'etiti vane ndu, isi mmiri na vane. Sistemụ turbine vane nke electro-hydraulic proportal valve na-achịkwa nwere oke mmekọrịta dị elu, usoro sistemu dị mfe, nguzogide mmetọ mmanụ siri ike, yana dabara adaba na njikwa PLC iji mepụta sistemu njikwa akpaka microcomputer.
N'ihi njide nke usoro njikọ nke igwe, na ọnọdụ njikwa nha nha nke electro-hydraulic, usoro njikọ igwe na-arụkwa ọrụ n'otu oge iji soro ọnọdụ ọrụ nke sistemụ ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control system ada, valvụ na-atụgharị ga-eme ozugbo, na usoro njikọ nke igwe nwere ike soro ọnọdụ na-agba ọsọ nke usoro njikwa nha nha nke electro-hydraulic. Mgbe ị na-agbanwe, mmetụta sistemu dị ntakịrị, na sistemu vane nwere ike ịgafe n'ụzọ were were gaa na njikwa njikwa igwe na-ekwe nkwa ntụkwasị obi nke sistemụ arụmọrụ.
Mgbe anyị na-emepụta sekit hydraulic, anyị na-emezigharị valvụ nke valvụ njikwa hydraulic, nha nha nke valvụ ahụ na ogwe aka valve, nha njikọ nke valvụ ahụ na valvụ nrụgide isi, na nrụnye nha nke njikọ njikọ n'etiti valvụ hydraulic na valvụ nkesa nrụgide bụ isi bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka nke mbụ. Naanị akụkụ valvụ nke valvụ hydraulic kwesịrị ka edochie ya n'oge nrụnye, ọ dịghịkwa akụkụ ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ịgbanwe. Ọdịdị nke usoro nchịkwa hydraulic dum dị oke ọnụ. Na ndabere nke ijikwa usoro ihe nrụnye igwe kpamkpam, a na-agbakwunye usoro njikwa nha elektrọnik iji kwado interface ya na onye njikwa PLC iji ghọta njikwa mmekọrịta dijitalụ ma melite nhazi nhazi nke sistemụ turbine vane. ; Na ntinye na nhazi usoro nke usoro ahụ dị nnọọ mfe, nke na-ebelata oge nkwụsị nke hydraulic turbine unit, na-eme ka mgbanwe nke usoro nchịkwa hydraulic nke hydraulic turbine, ma nwee ezigbo uru bara uru. N'oge a na-arụ ọrụ n'ezie na saịtị ahụ, ndị injinia na ndị ọrụ nka nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka sistemụ ahụ, a kwenyere na ọ nwere ike gbasaa ma tinye ya n'ọrụ na usoro hydraulic servo nke gọvanọ nke ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.
3.3 Usoro ngwanrọ sistemu na usoro mmejuputa iwu
N'ime usoro turbine vane nke PLC na-achịkwa, a na-eji usoro mmekọrịta dijitalụ iji ghọta mmekọrịta mmekọrịta n'etiti vanes ndu, isi mmiri na oghere vane. E jiri ya tụnyere usoro mmekọrịta ọdịnala ọdịnala, usoro mmekọrịta dijitalụ nwere uru dị mfe trimming parameter, Ọ nwere uru nke nbipu na mmezi dị mma, yana ezigbo njikọ. Nhazi sọftụwia nke sistemụ njikwa vane bụ nke sitere na mmemme ọrụ mmezi sistemu, mmemme njikwa algọridim na mmemme nyocha. N'okpuru ebe a, anyị na-atụle ụzọ mmezu nke akụkụ atọ dị n'elu nke mmemme ahụ n'otu n'otu. Mmemme ọrụ ngbanwe na-agụnyekarị subroutine nke synergy, subroutine nke ịmalite vane, subroutine nke ịkwụsị vane na subroutine nke ịwụfu vane. Mgbe sistemụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ, ọ na-ebu ụzọ chọpụta ma na-ekpe ikpe ọnọdụ arụ ọrụ ugbu a, wee malite ngbanwe ngwanrọ, na-arụ ọrụ ngbanwe kwekọrọ na subroutine, wee gbakọọ ọnọdụ enyere uru nke onye na-eso ụzọ vane.
(1) Association subroutine
Site n'ule ule nke ngwa turbine, enwere ike nweta ogbe nke ihe a tụrụ atụ na elu nkwonkwo. A na-eme cam nkwonkwo ọdịnala na-adabere na isi ihe ndị a tụrụ, na usoro njikọ dijitalụ na-ejikwa isi ihe ndị a tụrụ atụ see otu akụkụ akụkụ akụkụ. Ịhọrọ ihe ndị a ma ama na njikọ njikọ dị ka ọnụ ọnụ, na ịnakwere usoro nke ntinye ọnụ n'ahịrị ọnụ nke ọrụ ọnụọgụ abụọ, enwere ike nweta uru ọrụ nke ndị na-abụghị ọnụ na ahịrị a nke mkpakọrịta.
(2) Vane mmalite subroutine
Ebumnuche nke ịmụ iwu mmalite bụ iji belata oge mmalite nke unit ahụ, belata ibu nke ntinye ihe, na ịmepụta ọnọdụ njikọ grid maka unit generator.
(3) Vane stop subroutine
Iwu mmechi nke vanes dị ka ndị a: mgbe onye na-ahụ maka njikwa na-anata iwu nkwụsị, a na-emechi vanes na vanes nduzi n'otu oge ahụ dị ka mmekọrịta mmekọrịta si dị iji hụ na nkwụsi ike nke unit ahụ: mgbe onye na-emepe ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-erughị oghere na-enweghị ibu, vanes lag Mgbe onye na-ahụ maka njikwa na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emechi, mmekọrịta nkwado dị n'etiti vane na vane ndu anaghịzi echekwa ya; mgbe ọsọ otu nkeji dara n'okpuru 80% nke ọsọ a tụrụ atụ, a na-emepe vane ahụ n'akụkụ mmalite Φ0, dị njikere maka mmalite mmalite na-esote.
(4) agụba ibu jụrụ subroutine
Ịjụ ibu ibu pụtara na unit na ibu na-akwụsị na mberede na ike okporo, na-eme ka unit na mmiri ntughari usoro na a ọjọọ arụ ọrụ ala, nke metụtara kpọmkwem na nchekwa nke ike osisi na unit. Mgbe a na-awụsa ibu ahụ, onye ọchịchị na-adaba na ngwaọrụ nchebe, nke na-eme ka vanes na vanes ndị nduzi na-emechi ozugbo ruo mgbe ọsọ unit na-adaba na nso nso nke ọsọ ọsọ. nkwụsi ike. Ya mere, n'ebe a na-awụfu ibu, a na-emeghekarị vanes n'otu akụkụ. A na-enweta oghere a site na ule ịwụfu ibu nke ọdụ ọkụ n'ezie. Ọ nwere ike hụ na mgbe unit ahụ na-awụpụ ibu, ọ bụghị nanị na mmụba ọsọ dị ntakịrị, kamakwa unit ahụ dị ntakịrị. .
4 Nkwubi okwu
N'ihi ọnọdụ teknụzụ dị ugbu a nke ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị hydraulic turbine nke obodo m, akwụkwọ a na-ezo aka na ozi ọhụrụ na ngalaba njikwa ngwa ngwa hydraulic turbine n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ, ma na-etinye teknụzụ mmemme mmemme (PLC) na njikwa ọsọ ọsọ nke igwe na-ebunye ọkụ eletrik. Onye na-ahụ maka mmemme (PLC) bụ isi nke sistemu usoro nhazi nke turbine nke ụdị axial-flow paddle. Ngwa bara uru na-egosi na atụmatụ a na-eme ka nhazi nke ọma dị n'etiti vane ndu na vane maka ọnọdụ isi mmiri dị iche iche, ma na-eme ka ọnụọgụ nke ike mmiri na-arụ ọrụ.
Oge nzipu: Feb-11-2022
