1 Gabatarwa
Gwamnan Turbine yana daya daga cikin manyan na'urori guda biyu na sarrafa na'urorin lantarki. Ba wai kawai yana taka rawa wajen daidaita saurin gudu ba, har ma yana aiwatar da jujjuya yanayin aiki daban-daban da mita, iko, kusurwar lokaci da sauran kula da raka'o'in samar da wutar lantarki da kuma kare ƙafafun ruwa. Aikin saitin janareta. Gwamnonin Turbine sun bi matakai uku na ci gaba: Gwamnonin Ruwa na Injiniya, Gwamnonin Ruwa na lantarki da Gwamnonin na'ura mai kwakwalwa na dijital. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gabatar da masu sarrafa shirye-shirye a cikin tsarin sarrafa saurin turbine, waɗanda ke da ƙarfin hana tsangwama da babban aminci; shirye-shirye masu sauƙi da dacewa da aiki; tsari na yau da kullun, haɓaka mai kyau, sassauci, da kulawa mai dacewa; Yana da fa'idodi na aikin sarrafawa mai ƙarfi da ikon tuƙi; a zahiri an tabbatar da shi.
A cikin wannan takarda, an gabatar da bincike kan tsarin daidaitawa na PLC hydraulic turbine dual daidaitawa, kuma ana amfani da mai sarrafa shirye-shirye don gane gyare-gyaren dual na vane mai jagora da paddle, wanda ke inganta daidaiton daidaitawa na jagorar vane da vane ga shugabannin ruwa daban-daban. Aiki ya nuna cewa tsarin sarrafa dual yana inganta yawan amfani da makamashin ruwa.
2. Tsarin sarrafa injin turbine
2.1 Tsarin tsarin turbine
Babban aikin na’urar sarrafa saurin turbin shine canza buɗaɗɗen vanes ɗin jagora na injin turbine daidai da haka ta hanyar gwamna lokacin da nauyin tsarin wutar lantarki ya canza kuma saurin jujjuyawar naúrar ya karkata, ta yadda za a adana saurin jujjuyawar injin a cikin kewayon da aka kayyade, ta yadda za a sa sashin janareta ya yi aiki. Ƙarfin fitarwa da mita sun cika buƙatun mai amfani. Za'a iya raba mahimman ayyuka na ƙa'idodin turbine zuwa ƙa'idodin saurin gudu, tsarin ikon aiki da tsarin matakin ruwa.
2.2 Ka'idar tsarin turbine
Nau'in janareta na hydro-generator shine naúrar da aka samar ta hanyar haɗa injin turbine da janareta. Sashin jujjuyawar saitin janareta na hydro-generator wani tsayayyen jiki ne wanda ke juyawa a kusa da kafaffen axis, kuma ana iya siffanta ma'auninsa da ma'auni mai zuwa:
A cikin dabara
--Lokacin rashin aiki na ɓangaren jujjuyawar naúrar (Kg m2)
-- Juyawa saurin kusurwa (rad/s)
--Turbine karfin juyi (N/m), gami da janareta na inji da kuma asarar lantarki.
——Tsarin juriya na janareta, wanda ke nufin aiki da ƙarfin injin janareta a kan na’ura mai juyi, alkiblarsa ta saba da jujjuyawar, kuma tana wakiltar ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai aiki da janareta, wato girman kaya.
Lokacin da lodi ya canza, buɗewar vane ɗin jagora ya kasance baya canzawa, kuma gudun naúrar har yanzu ana iya daidaita shi a ƙayyadadden ƙima. Saboda gudun zai karkata daga ƙimar ƙima, bai isa ya dogara da ikon daidaitawa da kai don kiyaye saurin ba. Domin kiyaye saurin naúrar a ainihin ƙimar da aka ƙididdigewa bayan an canza nauyin kaya, ana iya gani daga Hoto na 1 cewa yana da muhimmanci a canza vane mai jagora ya buɗe daidai. Lokacin da nauyin ya ragu, lokacin da juriya ta canza daga 1 zuwa 2, buɗewar vane na jagora za a rage zuwa 1, kuma za a kiyaye saurin naúrar. Sabili da haka, tare da canjin kayan aiki, ana canza hanyar buɗe hanyar jagorar ruwa daidai, ta yadda za a kiyaye saurin naúrar samar da ruwa a ƙayyadadden ƙima, ko canzawa bisa ga ƙayyadaddun doka. Wannan tsari shine daidaita saurin naúrar janareta. , ko tsarin turbine.
3. PLC na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa turbine dual daidaita tsarin
Gwamnan na turbine shine ya kula da bude bututun na’urar sarrafa ruwa domin daidaita kwararar da ke cikin injin injin din, ta yadda zai canza karfin injin injin din tare da sarrafa mitar injin injin din. Duk da haka, a lokacin aiki na axial-flow rotary turbine, gwamna bai kamata kawai daidaita budewa na jagorar vanes ba, amma kuma ya daidaita kusurwar masu gudu daidai da bugun jini da kimar kan ruwa na mai bin jagorar, ta yadda za a haɗa vane ɗin jagora da vane. Kula da haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwa a tsakanin su, wato, haɗin kai, wanda zai iya inganta aikin injin turbin, rage cavitation da girgiza naúrar, da kuma inganta kwanciyar hankali na aikin injin turbin.
Kayan aikin PLC na sarrafa turbin vane ya ƙunshi sassa biyu, wato PLC controller da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa servo system. Da farko, bari mu tattauna tsarin hardware na mai sarrafa PLC.
3.1 PLC mai sarrafawa
Mai sarrafa PLC ya ƙunshi naúrar shigarwa, rukunin asali na PLC da naúrar fitarwa. Nau'in shigarwa yana kunshe da tsarin A/D da na'urar shigar da dijital, kuma na'urar ta ƙunshi D/A module da na'urar shigar da dijital. Mai kula da PLC yana sanye da nunin dijital na LED don lura da ainihin tsarin sigogin PID na tsarin, matsayi na vane, jagorar mabiyin vane da darajar shugaban ruwa. Ana kuma bayar da na'urar voltmeter na analog don saka idanu kan matsayin mai bin vane a yayin da mai sarrafa microcomputer ya gaza.
3.2 Tsarin bin ruwa na ruwa
Tsarin servo na hydraulic shine muhimmin sashi na tsarin sarrafa turbine vane. Ana haɓaka siginar fitarwa na mai sarrafawa ta hydraulically don sarrafa motsi na mai bin vane, don haka daidaita kusurwar ruwan gudu. Mun karbi haɗin haɗakar da ma'auni mai mahimmanci babban nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in lantarki na lantarki da na'ura na gargajiya-na'ura mai kwakwalwa don samar da tsarin kula da na'ura mai kwakwalwa na lantarki na lantarki na lantarki da na'ura mai kwakwalwa kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2. Tsarin hydraulic mai biyo baya don turbine ruwan wukake.
Tsarin bibiyar na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa don injin turbin
Lokacin da mai kula da PLC, electro-hydraulic proportional valve da firikwensin matsayi duk al'ada ne, ana amfani da hanyar PLC electro-hydraulic proportion proportion system don daidaita tsarin turbine, ƙimar amsawar matsayi da ƙimar fitarwa ta hanyar siginar lantarki, kuma ana haɗa sigina ta hanyar mai sarrafa PLC. , Yin aiki da yanke shawara, daidaita madaidaicin buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen matsi mai rarraba ta hanyar madaidaicin bawul don sarrafa matsayi na mai bin vane, da kuma kula da haɗin gwiwar haɗin kai tsakanin jagoran jagora, shugaban ruwa da vane. Tsarin turbine vane wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar bawul ɗin lantarki na lantarki yana da madaidaicin daidaituwa, tsarin tsari mai sauƙi, juriya mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, kuma ya dace don yin hulɗa tare da mai sarrafa PLC don samar da tsarin sarrafa atomatik na microcomputer.
Saboda riƙon tsarin haɗin gwiwar injina, a cikin yanayin sarrafa daidaitaccen tsarin lantarki-hydraulic, injin haɗin gwiwar injin yana aiki tare da aiki tare don bin yanayin aiki na tsarin. Idan PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control system ya kasa, bawul ɗin sauyawa zai yi aiki nan da nan, kuma injin haɗin gwiwar injin zai iya bin yanayin tafiyar da tsarin sarrafa ma'aunin lantarki na lantarki. Lokacin sauyawa, tasirin tsarin yana da ƙanƙanta, kuma tsarin vane na iya canzawa cikin sauƙi zuwa Yanayin sarrafa ƙungiyar injina yana ba da garantin amincin tsarin aiki sosai.
Lokacin da muka tsara ma'auni na hydraulic, mun sake fasalin jikin bawul na bawul ɗin sarrafawa na hydraulic, girman ma'auni na bawul ɗin bawul da hannun rigar bawul, girman haɗin jikin bawul ɗin da babban bawul ɗin matsa lamba, da inji Girman sandar haɗawa tsakanin bawul ɗin hydraulic da babban bawul ɗin rarraba matsa lamba daidai yake da na asali. Sai kawai jikin bawul na bawul ɗin hydraulic yana buƙatar maye gurbin yayin shigarwa, kuma babu wasu sassan da ake buƙatar canza su. Tsarin duk tsarin kula da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa yana da ɗanɗano sosai. Dangane da ci gaba da riƙe injin haɗin gwiwar injina gabaɗaya, ana ƙara tsarin sarrafa ma'aunin lantarki na lantarki don sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwa tare da mai kula da PLC don fahimtar sarrafa haɗin gwiwar dijital da haɓaka daidaiton daidaituwa na tsarin turbine vane. ; Kuma tsarin shigarwa da cirewa na tsarin yana da sauƙi, wanda ya rage lokacin raguwa na na'ura mai amfani da wutar lantarki, yana sauƙaƙe sauyin tsarin kula da na'ura mai kwakwalwa na hydraulic turbine, kuma yana da kyakkyawar darajar aiki. A lokacin ainihin aikin da ake yi a wurin, injiniyoyi da ma'aikatan fasaha na tashar wutar lantarki sun yaba da tsarin sosai, kuma an yi imanin cewa za'a iya yada shi tare da amfani da shi a cikin na'urar hydraulic servo na gwamna na yawancin tashoshin wutar lantarki.
3.3 Tsarin software na tsarin da hanyar aiwatarwa
A cikin tsarin turbine mai sarrafa PLC, ana amfani da hanyar haɗin kai na dijital don gane alaƙar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin vanes na jagora, kan ruwa da buɗewar vane. Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar haɗin gwiwar inji na gargajiya, hanyar haɗin gwiwar dijital tana da fa'idodi na sassauƙan siga mai sauƙi, Yana da fa'idodin daidaitawa da kiyayewa, da daidaitaccen haɗin gwiwa. Tsarin software na tsarin sarrafa vane galibi ya ƙunshi shirin aikin daidaita tsarin, shirin sarrafa algorithm da shirin ganewar asali. A ƙasa muna tattauna hanyoyin tabbatar da abubuwan da ke sama na sassa uku na shirin bi da bi. Shirye-shiryen aikin daidaitawa yafi ya haɗa da wani yanki na haɗin gwiwa, wani yanki na farawa vane, subroutine na dakatar da vane da ƙananan nauyin zubar da vane. Lokacin da tsarin ke aiki, zai fara ganowa kuma yana yin hukunci akan yanayin aiki na yanzu, sannan ya fara sauya software, yana aiwatar da aikin daidaitawa daidai, kuma yana ƙididdige matsayin da aka ba da ƙimar mai bin vane.
(1) Ƙungiya subbroutine
Ta hanyar gwajin samfurin naúrar turbine, za'a iya samun nau'in ma'auni na ma'auni a kan haɗin gwiwa. Ana yin kyamarar haɗin gwiwar injina ta gargajiya bisa waɗannan maki da aka auna, kuma hanyar haɗin dijital kuma tana amfani da waɗannan maki da aka auna don zana saitin madaidaicin haɗin gwiwa. Zaɓin wuraren da aka sani akan ƙugiya a matsayin nodes, da kuma ɗaukar hanyar haɗin kai tsaye na layi na aikin binaryar, ana iya samun ƙimar aikin da ba nodes akan wannan layin na ƙungiyar.
(2) Vane farawa subroutine
Manufar nazarin dokar farawa ita ce taqaitaccen lokacin farawa na naúrar, rage nauyin ɗaukar nauyi, da ƙirƙirar yanayi mai haɗin grid don rukunin janareta.
(3) Vane tasha subroutine
Ka'idojin rufewa na vanes sune kamar haka: lokacin da mai sarrafawa ya karɓi umarnin rufewa, ana rufe vanes da vanes na jagora a lokaci guda bisa ga alaƙar haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na rukunin: lokacin da buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen ba shi da ƙarancin buɗewa, lag ɗin vanes Lokacin da vane jagora ya rufe sannu a hankali, dangantakar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin vane da vane jagora ba a ci gaba da kiyayewa ba; lokacin da saurin naúrar ya faɗi ƙasa da 80% na ƙimar ƙimar, an sake buɗe vane zuwa kusurwar farawa Φ0, a shirye don farawa na gaba Shirya.
(4) Ƙimar ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na ruwa
Kin amincewa da kaya yana nufin cewa naúrar da kaya ba zato ba tsammani ta katse daga grid na wutar lantarki, yin naúrar da tsarin karkatar da ruwa a cikin mummunan yanayin aiki, wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da amincin tashar wutar lantarki da naúrar. Lokacin da aka zubar da kaya, gwamna yana daidai da na'urar kariya, wanda ke sa masu jagorar bas da kuma bas suna rufewa nan da nan har sai saurin naúrar ya ragu zuwa kusa da gudun da aka kiyasta. kwanciyar hankali. Saboda haka, a cikin ainihin zubar da kaya, gabaɗaya ana buɗe banun zuwa wani kusurwa. Ana samun wannan buɗewa ta hanyar gwajin zubar da kaya na ainihin tashar wutar lantarki. Yana iya tabbatar da cewa lokacin da naúrar ke zubar da kaya, ba kawai haɓakar saurin ƙarami ba ne, har ma naúrar tana da kwanciyar hankali. .
4 Kammalawa
Bisa la’akari da halin da ake ciki na fasaha na masana’antar gomnan turbine na ƙasata, wannan takarda tana magana ne game da sabbin bayanai a fagen sarrafa saurin injin injin ruwa a gida da waje, kuma tana amfani da fasahar sarrafa dabaru (PLC) don sarrafa saurin injin injin injin injin injin. Mai kula da shirin (PLC) shine ainihin tsarin tsarin sarrafa turbine mai nau'in axial-flow paddle. Aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen yana nuna cewa makircin yana haɓaka daidaiton daidaituwa tsakanin vane jagora da vane don yanayi daban-daban na kan ruwa, kuma yana haɓaka ƙimar amfani da makamashin ruwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-11-2022
