Impembelelo ye-Jenereyitha yeFlywheel kunye noZinzo lweRhuluneli ye-injini yoMvelisi we-Flywheel Impembelelo kunye noZinzo lweRhuluneli ye-turbine ye-Rhuluneli Inkqubo yeGenerator yeFlywheel Impembelelo kunye noZinzo lweRhuluneli yoMvelisi weNdlela yoMvelisi weFlywheel isiphumo kunye noZinzo lweNkqubo yeRhuluneli ye-turbine
Iijenereyitha ezinkulu zala maxesha zamanzi zine-inetia encinci engaguqukiyo kwaye zinokujongana neengxaki malunga nozinzo lwenkqubo yolawulo lweinjini yomoya. Oku kungenxa yokuziphatha kwamanzi e-injini yomoya, ethi ngenxa yokungagungqi kwayo ibangele ihamile yamanzi kwimibhobho yoxinzelelo xa izixhobo zokulawula zisebenza. Oku ngokubanzi kuphawulwa zii-hydraulic acceleration time constants. Kwinkqubo eyodwa, xa ukuphindaphindwa kwenkqubo yonke kumiselwe yirhuluneli yeinjini yomoya, isando samanzi sichaphazela isantya solawulo kunye nokungazinzi kubonakala njengokuzingela okanye ukujinga rhoqo. Kumsebenzi oqhagamshelweyo kunye nenkqubo enkulu i-frequency igcinwa rhoqo emva koko. Ihamile yamanzi ke ichaphazela amandla afakwe kwisixokelelwano kwaye ingxaki yozinzo ivela kuphela xa amandla elawulwa kwilophu evaliweyo, okt, kwimeko yezo generator ze-hydro ezithatha inxaxheba kulawulo lwamaza.
Uzinzo lwegiya yerhuluneli yeinjini yomoya ichatshazelwa kakhulu ngumlinganiselo wexesha lokunyuka komatshini ngokungaguquguqukiyo ngenxa yexesha lokunyuka kwehydraulic lokuguquguquka kobuninzi bamanzi kunye nokuzuza kwerhuluneli. Ukuncitshiswa komlinganiselo ongasentla kunempembelelo yokungazinzi kwaye kufuna ukuncitshiswa kwenzuzo yerhuluneli, echaphazela kakubi ukuzinziswa kwamaxesha. Ngokufanelekileyo ubuncinci besiphumo se-flywheel kwiindawo ezijikelezayo zeyunithi ye-hydro iyimfuneko enokuthi ibonelelwe kuphela kwijenereyitha. Kungenjalo ngoomatshini ixesha lokunyusa isantya lingancitshiswa ngobonelelo lwevalvu yokukhulula uxinzelelo okanye itanki yokuqhafaza, njl. njl., kodwa kudla ngokuxabisa kakhulu. Indlela yokuvavanya isantya sokulawula isantya seyunithi yokuvelisa i-hydro inokuthi isekelwe kwisantya sokunyuka kweyunithi enokuthi yenzeke ekukhatyweni kwawo wonke umthwalo olinganisiweyo weyunithi esebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Kwiiyunithi zamandla ezisebenza kwiinkqubo ezinkulu eziqhagamsheleneyo nezifuneka ukuba zilawule ubuninzi benkqubo, isalathisi sokunyuka kwesantya sepesenti njengoko sibalwa ngasentla siqwalaselwe ukuba singagqithi kuma-45 ekhulwini. Kwiinkqubo ezincinci ukunyuka kwesantya esincinci kuya kunikezelwa (Jonga iSahluko 4).
Icandelo le-longitudinal ukusuka ekuthatheni ukuya kwi-Dehar Power Plant
(Umthombo: Iphepha nguMbhali - i-2nd world Congress, i-International Water Resources Association 1979) Kwi-Dehar Power Plant, inkqubo ye-hydraulic yoxinzelelo lwamanzi edibanisa ukugcinwa kokulinganisela kunye neyunithi yamandla equka ukungenisa kwamanzi, i-tunnel yoxinzelelo, i-tank yokwahlukana kwe-surge kunye ne-penstock ibonisiwe. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokunyuka kwi-penstocks ukuya kwi-35 ipesenti yokunyuka kwesantya esiphezulu kwiyunithi ekukhatyweni komthwalo opheleleyo owenziwe malunga neepesenti ze-45 ngokuvalwa kwerhuluneli.
ixesha le-9.1 imizuzwana kwintloko elinganisiweyo ye-282 m (925 ft) kunye nefuthe eliqhelekileyo le-flywheel yeendawo ezijikelezayo zejenereyitha (okt, igxininiswe kwiingcamango zokunyuka kobushushu kuphela). Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokusebenza ukunyuka kwesantya kwafunyaniswa ukuba akukho ngaphezu kwama-43 ekhulwini. Kwaqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba isiphumo se-flywheel esiqhelekileyo sanele ukulawula ukuphindaphindeka kwenkqubo.
Iiparamitha zeJeneretha kunye nokuzinza koMbane
Iiparamitha zejeneretha ezinento yokwenza uzinzo ziziphumo zeflywheel, ukusabela okwethutyana kunye nomlinganiselo wesekethe emfutshane. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lwe-420 kV inkqubo ye-EHV njengakwi-Dehar iingxaki zozinzo zinoxanduva lokuba zibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yenkqubo ebuthathaka, inqanaba lesekethe elisezantsi elisezantsi, ukusebenza kwindawo ehamba phambili yamandla, kunye nemfuno yoqoqosho ekuboneleleni ngeendawo zothumelo kunye nobungakanani bokulungisa kunye neeparitha zeeyunithi zokuvelisa. Uphononongo lokuqala lozinzo oludlulayo kumhlalutyi womnatha (usebenzisa amandla ombane angaguqukiyo emva kokusabela okwethutyana) kwinkqubo ye-Dehar EHV ikwabonise ukuba kuphela uzinzo olungephi oluya kufumaneka. Kwinqanaba lokuqala loyilo lwe-Dehar Power Plant kwakucatshangelwa ukuba i-generator ichaza ngokuqhelekileyo
iimpawu kunye nokufezekisa iimfuno zozinzo ngokwandisa iiparamitha zezinye izinto ezibandakanyekayo ngakumbi ezo zenkqubo yovuselelo inokuba yindlela engabizi kakhulu ngokwezoqoqosho. Kuphononongo lweNkqubo yaseBritane kwaboniswa ukuba ukutshintsha iiparamitha zejenereyitha zinefuthe elincinane kakhulu kwimida yozinzo. Ngokufanelekileyo iiparamitha zejenereyitha eziqhelekileyo njengoko zinikezelwe kwisihlomelo zichazwe kwijenereyitha. Uphononongo oluneenkcukacha lozinzo olwenziweyo lunikiwe
Umthamo wokuTshaja umgca kunye nokuzinza kweVoltage
Iijenereyitha ze-hydro ezihlala kude ezisetyenziselwa ukutshaja iilayini ze-EHV ezinde ezingalayishwanga ezitshaja i-kVA yazo ingaphezulu komthamo wokutshaja womatshini womatshini, umatshini unokuba nemincili kwaye umbane wonyuke ngaphaya kolawulo. Umqathango wokuzihlaziya kukuba i-xc <xd apho, i-xc i-capacitive load reactance kunye ne-xd i-synchronous direct axis reactance. Umthamo ofunekayo wokutshaja umgca omnye ongalayishwanga we-420 kV we-E2 /xc ukuya kwi-Panipat (isiphelo sokufumana) sasimalunga ne-150 MVARs kumbane olinganisiweyo. Kwinqanaba lesibini xa kufakwe umgca wesibini wama-420 kV wobude obulinganayo, umthamo wokutshaja womgca ofunekayo ukutshaja zombini iintambo ezingalayishwanga ngaxeshanye kumbane olinganisiweyo unokuba malunga nama-300 eeMVAR.
Umthamo wokutshaja womgca ofumanekayo kumbane olinganisiweyo osuka kwijenereyitha yakwaDehar njengoko bekutshiwo ngababoneleli bezixhobo zokusebenza kwaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
(i) Ipesenti ze-70 ezilinganiswe i-MVA, oko kukuthi, i-121.8 i-MVAR yokutshaja umgca inokwenzeka kunye ne-excitation encinci ye-10 ekhulwini.
(ii) Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-87 ipesenti ye-MVA ehleliweyo, oko kukuthi, i-139 ye-MVAR yokutshaja umthamo wokutshaja inokwenzeka ngeyona ndlela incinci yokuvuselela i-1 yepesenti.
(iii) Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 yepesenti ye-MVAR ereyithiweyo, okt, i-173.8 line charging capacity ingafumaneka malunga ne-5 yepesenti ye-negative excitation kunye nomthamo ophezulu wokutshaja womgca onokufunyanwa nge-excitation engathandekiyo ye-10 ekhulwini yi-110 yepesenti ye-MVA ehleliweyo (191 MVAR) ngokwe-BSS.
(iv)Ukwanda okungaphezulu kwamandla okutshaja kwentambo kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokunyusa ubungakanani bomatshini. Kwimeko (ii) kunye (iii) nolawulo lwesandla sovuselelo alunakwenzeka kwaye ukuthembela ngokupheleleyo kufuneka kubekwe ekusebenzeni ngokuqhubekayo kwezilawuli zombane ezizenzekelayo ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza. Akunakwenzeka ngokwezoqoqosho okanye kunqweneleka ukwandisa ubungakanani bomatshini ngenjongo yokwandisa amandla okutshaja umgca. Ngokuhambelana nokuthathela ingqalelo iimeko zokusebenza kwinqanaba lokuqala lokusebenza kwagqitywa ukuba kubonelele umthamo wokutshaja umgca we-191 MVARs kumbane olinganisiweyo kwiijeneretha ngokubonelela ngokuvuselela kakubi kwiijenereyitha. Imeko yokusebenza ebalulekileyo ebangela ukungazinzi kwe-voltage nayo inokubangelwa kukuqhawulwa komthwalo ekupheleni kokufumana. Isiganeko senzeka ngenxa yokulayishwa kwe-capacitive kumatshini ochaphazelekayo ngakumbi ngokunyuka kwesantya se-generator. Ukuzihlaziya kunye nokungazinzi kombane kunokwenzeka ukuba.
Xc ≤ n2 (Xq + XT)
Apho, i-Xc i-capacitive load reactance, i-Xq yi-quadrature axis synchronous reactance kunye no-n sesona sihlobo siphezulu kwisantya esenzekayo ekukhatyweni komthwalo. Lo mqathango wejenereyitha ye-Dehar kwacetywa ukuba uthintelwe ngokubonelela ngokudityaniswa ngokusisigxina kwe-400 kV EHV shunt reactor (75 MVA) ekupheleni kokufunyanwa komgca ngokophononongo oluneenkcukacha olwenziweyo.
Ukujija isidambisi
Umsebenzi oyintloko we-damper winding yikhono layo lokuthintela ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-voltages xa kwenzeka umgca we-line uphoso kunye nemithwalo ye-capacitive, ngaloo ndlela unciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-voltage kwisixhobo. Ukuthathela ingqalelo indawo ekude kunye neentambo zothumelo ezidityanisiweyo ezide ezidityaniswe ngokupheleleyo i-damper windings kunye nomlinganiselo we-quadrature kunye ne-axis echanekileyo yokusabela i-Xnq/ Xnd engadlulanga kwi-1.2 ichaziwe.
Iimpawu zeJenereyitha kunye neNkqubo yokuXhasa
Iijenereyitha ezineempawu eziqhelekileyo zichaziwe kunye nophononongo lokuqala olubonise uzinzo olungephi kuphela, kwaye kwagqitywa ekubeni izixhobo zokuvuselela isantya esiphezulu ezizinzileyo zisetyenziselwe ukuphucula imida yozinzo ukuze kuphunyezwe ulungiselelo olunoqoqosho ngokubanzi lwezixhobo. Uphononongo oluneenkcukacha lwenziwa ukufumanisa ezona mpawu zesixhobo sokuvuselela i-static kwaye kuxoxwe ngazo kwisahluko se-10.
Iingqwalasela zeSeismic
I-Dehar Power Plant iwela kwindawo yenyikima. Okulandelayo kumalungiselelo oyilo lwe-hydro generator e-Dehar kwacetywa ngokubonisana nabavelisi bezixhobo kwaye kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko zenyikima kunye nejoloji kwindawo kunye nengxelo yeKomiti yeeNgcali zenyikima yaseKoyna eyenziwe nguRhulumente waseIndiya ngoncedo lweUNESCO.
Amandla oomatshini
Iijenereyitha zeDehar ziyilelwe ukuba zimelane ngokukhuselekileyo nowona mandla uphezulu wokukhawulezisa inyikima zombini kwicala elithe nkqo nelithe tye elilindeleke eDehar elisebenza kumbindi womatshini.
Ubuninzi bendalo
Ubuninzi bendalo bomatshini bugcinwe kude (phezulu) ukusuka kwi-magnetic frequency ye-100 Hz (iphindwe kabini i-generator frequency). Oku kuphindaphindwa kwendalo kuya kuba kude kwinyikima kwaye kukhangelwe umda owaneleyo ngokuchasene nesantya esiphezulu senyikima kunye nesantya esibalulekileyo senkqubo ejikelezayo.
Inkxaso ye-stator yejeneretha
I-stator yejenereyitha kunye ne-thrust esezantsi kunye nesiseko esithwala isikhokelo siquka inani leepleyiti zodwa. Iipleyiti zodwa zidityaniswe kwisiseko ecaleni ukongeza kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo elithe nkqo ngeebholiti zesiseko.
IsiKhokelo sokuBeka uYilo
Iibheringi zesikhokelo kufuneka zibe zohlobo lwamacandelo kunye neendawo ezithwele isikhokelo ziqiniswe ukuze zimelane namandla apheleleyo enyikima. Abavelisi bacebisa ukuba babophe i-bracket ephezulu ngasecaleni kunye ne-barrel (i-generator enclosure) ngokusebenzisa iintsimbi zentsimbi. Oku kuya kuthetha ukuba umphanda wekhonkrithi wona kuya kufuneka uqiniswe.
Ukufunyanwa kweVibration yeeJenereyitha
Ufakelo lwezixhobo zokujonga ukungcangcazela okanye iimitha zokukhanya kwe-eccentricity kwiiinjini zomoya kunye neejenereyitha ziye zacetyiswa ukuba zifakelwe ukuqalisa ukuvalwa kunye ne-alam kwimeko apho ushukumo ngenxa yenyikima lungaphezu kwexabiso elimiselweyo. Esi sixhobo sisenokusetyenziselwa ukukhangela nakuphi na ukungcangcazela okungaqhelekanga kweyunithi ngenxa yeemeko zehydraulic ezichaphazela iturbine.
Abafowunelwa beMercury
Ukungcangcazela okumandla ngenxa yenyikima kunokubangela ukukhubeka okungeyonyani xa kuqalwa ukucinywa kweyunithi ukuba ngaba kudityaniswa nemekyuri. Oku kunokuphetshwa nokuba kukhankanyiwe uhlobo lwe-anti-vibration iiswitshi zemercury okanye ukuba kufunyanwe kuyimfuneko ngokongeza ukuhanjiswa kwexesha.
Izigqibo
(1) Uqoqosho olumandla kwiindleko zezixhobo kunye nolwakhiwo kwi-Dehar Power Plant lufunyenwe ngokwamkela ubungakanani beyunithi enkulu yogcino kubungakanani begridi kunye nefuthe layo kumthamo ongasebenziyo wenkqubo.
(2) Iindleko zeejenereyitha zancitshiswa ngokwamkela uyilo lweambrela yolwakhiwo olunokwenzeka ngoku kwisantya esikhulu seejenereyitha ze-hydro ngenxa yophuhliso lwentsimbi eqinileyo yokubetha iirim zerotor.
(3) Ukuthengwa kweejenereyitha zendalo zamandla aphezulu emva kophando oluneenkcukacha olubangele ukonga ngakumbi kwiindleko.
(4) Isiphumo esiqhelekileyo se-flywheel seendawo ezijikelezayo zejenereyitha kwisikhululo esilawula amaza e-Dehar sithathwe njengokwaneleyo kuzinzo lwenkqubo yomlawuli weinjini yomoya ngenxa yenkqubo enkulu eqhagamshelweyo.
(5) Iiparamitha ezikhethekileyo zeejeneretha ezikude zondla iinethiwekhi ze-EHV zokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kombane kunokuhlangabezana neenkqubo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwe-static.
(6) Iinkqubo ezikhawulezayo zokuvuselela i-static zinokubonelela ngemida yozinzo oluyimfuneko. Iinkqubo ezinjalo, nangona kunjalo, zifuna ukuzinzisa imiqondiso yempendulo ukuze kuzuzwe uzinzo lwasemva kwesiphene. Izifundo ezineenkcukacha kufuneka zenziwe.
(7) Ukuzihlaziya kunye nokungazinzi kombane weejenereyitha ezikude ezidityaniswe negridi ngeentambo ezinde ze-EHV zinokuthintelwa ngokunyusa umthamo wokutshaja umgca womatshini ngokubhenela kwi-excitation engalunganga kunye/okanye ngokuqesha i-EHV shunt reactors eqhagamshelwe ngokusisigxina.
(8) Amalungiselelo anokwenziwa kuyilo lweejenereyitha kunye neziseko zazo zokubonelela ngokhuseleko ngokuchasene namandla enyikima ngeendleko ezincinci.
IiParameters eziphambili zeDehar Generators
Umlinganiselo weSekethe oMfutshane = 1.06
I-Transient Reactance Direct Axis = 0.2
Flywheel Effect = 39.5 x 106 lb ft2
Xnq/Xnd ayikho nkulu kuno = 1.2
Ixesha lokuposa: May-11-2021
