Jenareta Flywheel Mhedzisiro uye Kugadzikana kweturbine Gavhuna SystemJe ...
Majenareta makuru emazuva ano ehydro ane inertia constant diki uye anogona kusangana nematambudziko ane chekuita nekugadzikana kwesystem inotonga turbine. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemaitiro emvura yeturbine, iyo nekuda kwekunetsa kwayo kunoita kuti mvura iite mupombi dzekumanikidza kana zvishandiso zvekudzora zvichishanda. Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa ne hydraulic acceleration time constants. Mukushanda kwega, kana frequency yesystem yese ikasarudzwa ne turbine governor, water hammer inokanganisa speed control uye kusagadzikana kunoratidzika sekuvhima kana frequency swinging. Pakushanda kwakabatana nesystem hombe, frequency inobatwa zvakanyanya ne later. Water hammer inobva yakanganisa simba rinopihwa kusystem uye dambudziko rekugadzikana rinongomuka chete kana simba richidzorwa mu closed loop, kureva, kana kune ma hydro generators anoita basa rekudzora frequency.
Kugadzikana kwegiya remagetsi rinodzorwa zvakanyanya nechiyero chenguva yekumhanyisa magetsi nekuda kwehuwandu hwenguva yekumhanyisa magetsi hwemvura uye huwandu hwegavhuna. Kudzikiswa kwechiyero chiri pamusoro apa kune mhedzisiro yekusagadzikana uye kunoda kudzikiswa kwekuwedzera kwegavhuna, izvo zvinokanganisa kugadzikana kwema frequency. Saka, mhedzisiro shoma ye flywheel yezvikamu zvinotenderera zve hydro unit inodiwa iyo inowanzo kupihwa mujenareta chete. Neimwe nzira, nguva yekumhanyisa magetsi inogona kudzikiswa nekupa vharuvhu yekurerutsira kumanikidzwa kana tangi rekusurge, nezvimwewo, asi kazhinji inodhura zvikuru. Zvinodiwa zve empirical zvekugona kudzora kumhanya kweyuniti inogadzira mvura zvinogona kubva pakukwira nekukurumidza kweyuniti iyo inogona kuitika pakuramba mutoro wese weyuniti inoshanda yakazvimirira. Kune mayuniti emagetsi anoshanda mumasisitimu makuru akabatana uye anodiwa kudzora frequency yesystem, chiyero chekukwira nekukurumidza kwepesenti sezvakaverengerwa pamusoro apa chakaonekwa sechisingapfuure 45 muzana. Kune masisitimu madiki, kukwira nekukurumidza kudiki kunopiwa (Tarisa Chitsauko 4).
Chikamu cherefu kubva pakupinda kwemagetsi kuenda kuDehar Power Plant
(Chitubu: Pepa rakanyorwa neMunyori – 2nd world Congress, International Water Resources Association 1979) PaDehar Power Plant, sisitimu yemvura inomanikidzwa yehydraulic inobatanidza nzvimbo yekuchengetera neyuniti yemagetsi inosanganisira mvura inopinda, tangi remhepo, tangi remvura inoyerera uye penstock inoratidzwa. Kuderedza kukwira kwemhepo kwakanyanya mupenstocks kusvika pa35 muzana, kukwira kwemhepo kukuru kunofungidzirwa kweyuniti kana yaramba mutoro wakazara kwakasvika pa45 muzana nekuvhara kwegavhuna.
Nguva yemasekonzi 9.1 pamusoro wejenareta ine 282 m (925 ft) ine mhedzisiro yakajairika ye flywheel yezvikamu zvinotenderera zvejenareta (kureva, zvakatarwa pakufunga nezvekukwira kwekupisa chete). Padanho rekutanga rekushanda, kukwira kwekumhanya kwakaonekwa kuti hakupfuuri 43 muzana. Saka zvakaonekwa kuti mhedzisiro yakajairika ye flywheel yakakwana kudzora frequency yesystem.
Maparamita ejenareta uye Kugadzikana kweMagetsi
Maparamita ejenareta ane chekuita nekugadzikana ndiwo mhedzisiro yeflywheel, transient reactance uye short circuit ratio. Pakutanga kwekugadzirwa kwe420 kV EHV system semuDehar, matambudziko ekugadzikana anogona kunge akakosha nekuda kwekusasimba kwesystem, low short circuit level, kushanda pa leading power factor, uye kudiwa kwekuchengetedza mukupa ma transmission outlets uye kugadzirisa saizi nema parameter ema generating units. Zvidzidzo zvekutanga zve transient stability pa network analyzer (zvichishandisa constant voltage behind transient reactance) yeDehar EHV system zvakaratidzawo kuti marginal stability chete ndiyo yaizowanikwa. Pakutanga kwekugadzirwa kweDehar Power Plant, zvaifungidzirwa kuti kugadzira magenerator ane normal generators.
hunhu uye kuwana zvinodiwa zvekugadzikana nekuvandudza maparamita ezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatanidzwa kunyanya izvo zvesystem yekumutsa zvaizova imwe nzira yakachipa yehupfumi. Mukudzidza kweBritish System zvakaratidzwawo kuti kuchinja maparamita ejenareta hakuna mhedzisiro yakawanda pamiganhu yekugadzikana. Saka maparamita ejenareta akajairwa sezvakapihwa muappendix akatsanangurwa kune jenareta. Zvidzidzo zvakadzama zvekugadzikana zvakaitwa zvinopihwa
Kugona Kuchaja Mutsetse uye Kugadzikana kweVoltage
Majenareta emvura ari kure anoshandiswa kuchaja mitsetse mirefu yeEHV isina kuburitswa ine kVA yekuchaja inopfuura kugona kwekuchaja kwemuchina, muchina unogona kuzvifadza uye voltage inokwira zvisingadzoreki. Chinodiwa kuti munhu azvikurudzire ndechekuti xc < xd apo, xc iri capacitive load reactance uye xd iri synchronous direct axis reactance. Kugona kunodiwa pakuchaja mutsetse mumwe chete we420 kV usina kuburitswa E2 /xc kusvika kuPanipat (kumagumo ekugamuchira) kwaive maMVAR angangoita 150 pavoltage yakayerwa. Muchikamu chechipiri kana mutsetse wechipiri we420 kV wehurefu hwakaenzana wakaiswa, kugona kuchaja mutsetse kunodiwa kuchaja mitsetse yese isina kuburitswa panguva imwe chete pavoltage yakayerwa kwaizova maMVAR angangoita 300.
Kugona kuchaja tambo nemagetsi anowanikwa kubva kuDehar generator sekutaurwa kwazvakaitwa nevatengesi vemidziyo iyi kwaive seizvi:
(i) 70 muzana yeMVA yakayerwa, kureva, kuchaja mutsetse weMVAR we121.8 kunogoneka nekuwedzera 10 muzana.
(ii) Kusvika 87 muzana yeMVA yakarongwa, kureva, 139 MVAR line capacity inokwanisika nekukwanisa kushaja positive positive ye1 muzana.
(iii) Kusvika zana muzana yeMVAR yakarongwa, kureva, 173.8 line charging capacity inogona kuwanikwa ne5 muzana yekutsamwisa negative uye maximum line charging capacity inogona kuwanikwa ne negative excitation ye10 muzana iri 110 muzana yeMVA yakarongwa (191 MVAR) zvichienderana neBSS.
(iv) Kuwedzera kwesimba rekuchaja mumutsara kunogoneka chete nekuwedzera saizi yemuchina. Panyaya ye (ii) uye (iii) kudzora kwekufambisa nemaoko hakugoneki uye kuvimba kwakazara kunofanirwa kuiswa pakushanda kunogara kuripo kwezvinodzora magetsi zvinokurumidza kushanda. Hazvigoneki uye hazvidikanwi kuwedzera saizi yemuchina nechinangwa chekuwedzera simba rekuchaja mumutsara. Saka tichifunga nezvemamiriro ekushanda muchikamu chekutanga chekushanda, zvakasarudzwa kuti pave nesimba rekuchaja mumutsara re191 MVAR pavoltage yakayerwa kune majenareta nekupa negative excitation pamajenareta. Mamiriro ekushanda akakosha anokonzera kusagadzikana kwemagetsi anogonawo kukonzerwa nekubviswa kwemutoro pamugumo wekugamuchira. Chiitiko ichi chinoitika nekuda kwe capacitive loading pamuchina iyo inokanganiswa zvakanyanya nekukwira nekukurumidza kwejenareta. Kuzvitsaudzira uye kusagadzikana kwemagetsi zvinogona kuitika kana.
Xc ≤ n2 (Xq + XT)
Apo, Xc iri capacitive load reactance, Xq iri quadrature axis synchronous reactance uye n ndiyo yepamusoro-soro relative over speed inoitika kana mutoro waramba. Izvi zvakakurudzirwa kuti zvibviswe nekupa 400 kV EHV shunt reactor (75 MVA) yakabatana zvachose pamucheto wemutsara zvichienderana neongororo dzakadzama dzakaitwa.
Kutenderedza kweDamper
Basa guru re damper winding kugona kwayo kudzivirira over-voltages yakawandisa kana paine zvikanganiso zve line-to-line zvine capacitive loads, nokudaro zvichideredza over-voltage stress pamichina. Tichifunga nezvenzvimbo iri kure uye ma transmission lines akabatana zvizere damper windings ane ratio ye quadrature uye direct axis reactances Xnq/ Xnd isingapfuure 1.2 yakatsanangurwa.
Hunhu hwejenareta uye Sisitimu Yekufadza
Majenareta ane hunhu hwakajairika uye zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvakaratidza kugadzikana kweparutivi chete, zvakasarudzwa kuti michina yekukurumidzira inokasira ishandiswe kuvandudza kugadzikana kuitira kuti pave nekurongeka kwemidziyo kwakaderera zvakanyanya. Zvidzidzo zvakadzama zvakaitwa kuti zvione hunhu hwakanakisa hwemidziyo yekukurumidzira inokasira uye zvakakurukurwa muchitsauko 10.
Kufunga Nezvekudengenyeka kwenyika
Chiteshi chemagetsi cheDehar chiri munzvimbo ine kudengenyeka kwenyika. Zvichitevera zvinodiwa mukugadzira jenareta remvura kuDehar, zvakakurudzirwa mushure mekubvunzana nevagadziri vemidziyo uye nekufunga nezvemamiriro ekudengenyeka kwenyika nenzvimbo yacho pamwe nemushumo weKoyna Earthquake Experts Committee yakagadzwa neHurumende yeIndia nerubatsiro rweUNESCO.
Simba reMichina
Majenareta eDehar anofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti akwanise kutsungirira zvakachengeteka simba guru rekukurumidza kudengenyeka kwenyika, munzira yakatwasuka uye yakatwasuka inotarisirwa paDehar, ichishanda pakati pemuchina.
Kuwanda Kwechisikigo
Frequency yechisikigo yemuchina inofanira kuchengetedzwa kure (yakakwirira) nefrequency yemagineti ye100 Hz (kaviri frequency yejenareta). Frequency iyi yechisikigo ichave kure nefrequency yekudengenyeka kwenyika uye ichaongororwa kuti ione kana paine mukana wakakwana wekukunda frequency yekudengenyeka kwenyika uye kumhanya kwakakosha kwesystem inotenderera.
Rutsigiro rwejenareta stator
Jenareta stator nepasi pepasi pepasi uye mabheyaringi ekutungamira ane maplate akawanda epasi. Maplate epasi pepasi anofanira kusungirirwa panheyo yakatenderedza pamusoro penzira yakatwasuka nemabhaudhi epasi.
Dhizaini yeKutakura neGwara
Mabheringi ekutungamira anofanira kunge ari emhando yezvikamu uye zvikamu zvebheringi zvinotungamira zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti zvitsungirire simba rekudengenyeka kwenyika. Vagadziri vakakurudzirawo kuti vasunge bracket repamusoro nebhareki (generator enclosure) vachishandisa magirders esimbi. Izvi zvinorevawo kuti bhareki rekongiri rinofanira kusimbiswawo.
Kuonekwa Kwekuzunguzika Kwemajenareta
Kuiswa kwezviyereso zvekuona kuti zvinhu zvinodedera kana kuti eccentricity metres paturbines nemajenareta kwakakurudzirwa kuti kuiswe kuti kutange kudzima uye alarm kana kudedera kunokonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika kukadarika kukosha kwakafanotaurwa. Mudziyo uyu unogona zvakare kushandiswa pakuona chero kudedera kusingawanzoitika kweyuniti nekuda kwemamiriro emvura anokanganisa turbine.
Kubatana kweMercury
Kudengenyeka kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika kunogona kukonzera kugumburwa kwenhema nekuda kwekutanga kwekudzimwa kweyuniti kana paine mercury contacts. Izvi zvinogona kudzivirirwa nekusarudza maswichi emercury anodzivirira vibration kana kana zvikaonekwa zvichidikanwa nekuwedzera timing relay.
Mhedziso
(1) Kuwanda kwemari mumutengo wemidziyo nemaumbirwo eDehar Power Plant kwakawanikwa nekushandisa saizi huru yeyuniti zvichienderana nehukuru hwegrid uye simba rayo pahuwandu hwemidziyo yasara.
(2) Mutengo wemajenareta wakaderedzwa nekushandisa dhizaini yemaamburera ekuvaka iyo yava kukwanisa kugadzirwa nemajenareta makuru emvura anomhanya zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwesimbi yakasimba yekupinza marotor rim punchings.
(3) Kuwanikwa kwezvigadziriso zvemagetsi zvine simba guru mushure mekuongorora kwakadzama kwakaita kuti mari yacho ideredzwe zvakanyanya.
(4) Kushanda kwezvikamu zvinotenderera zvejenareta panzvimbo inodzoreredza mafrequency paDehar kwaionekwa sekwakakwana kuti sisitimu yekutonga turbine igadzikane nekuda kwesisitimu yakakura yakabatana.
(5) Maparamita akakosha emajenareta ari kure anopa maEHV network ekuona kuti magetsi agadzikana anogona kugadziriswa nemaitiro ekukurumidza ekukurumidza kupindura.
(6) Masisitimu ekukurumidza kushanda asingachinji anogona kupa miganho yekugadzikana inodiwa. Zvisinei, masisitimu akadaro anoda zviratidzo zvekudzoreredza kugadzikana kwemuchina kuti awane kugadzikana mushure mekukanganisa. Ongororo dzakadzama dzinofanira kuitwa.
(7) Kuzvikwidziridza uye kusagadzikana kwemagetsi emagetsi ari kure akabatana negrid nemitsara mirefu yeEHV kunogona kudzivirirwa nekuwedzera kugona kwekuchaja kwemuchina nekushandisa negative excitation uye/kana nekushandisa EHV shunt reactors yakabatana zvachose.
(8) Panogona kuitwa gadziriro dzemajenareta nenheyo dzawo kuti dzidzivirire simba rekudengenyeka kwenyika nemitengo midiki.
MaParamende Makuru eDehar Generators
Chiyero cheDunhu Pfupi = 1.06
Kupindura Kwenguva Pfupi Direct Axis = 0.2
Mhedzisiro yeFlywheel = 39.5 x 106 lb ft2
Xnq/Xnd haisi kupfuura = 1.2
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-11-2021
