Jenereta Flywheel Zotsatira ndi Kukhazikika kwa turbine System Governor Generator Flywheel Zotsatira ndi Kukhazikika kwa turbine System Governor Generator Flywheel Zotsatira ndi Kukhazikika kwa turbine System Governor Generator Flywheel Zotsatira ndi Kukhazikika kwa turbine System Governor Generator Flywheel Zotsatira ndi Kukhazikika kwa turbine System Governor
Majenereta akuluakulu amakono a hydro ali ndi inertia constant yochepa ndipo angakumane ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kukhazikika kwa makina olamulira a turbine. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha khalidwe la madzi a turbine, omwe chifukwa cha inertia yake amachititsa kuti nyundo yamadzi igwire ntchito m'mapaipi opanikizika pamene zipangizo zowongolera zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi nthawi zambiri zimadziwika ndi ma hydraulic acceleration time constants. Pa ntchito yodzipatula, pamene mafupipafupi a dongosolo lonse atsimikiziridwa ndi turbine governor, nyundo yamadzi imakhudza liwiro lolamulira ndipo kusakhazikika kumawoneka ngati kusaka kapena kusinthasintha kwa mafupipafupi. Pa ntchito yolumikizidwa ndi makina akuluakulu, mafupipafupi amasungidwa ndi later. Kenako nyundo yamadzi imakhudza mphamvu yoperekedwa ku makina ndipo vuto la kukhazikika limabwera pokhapokha mphamvu ikayendetsedwa mu closed loop, mwachitsanzo, ngati majenereta a hydro omwe amatenga nawo mbali mu frequency regulation.
Kukhazikika kwa zida za turbine governor kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiŵerengero cha nthawi yowonjezereka ya makina chifukwa cha nthawi yowonjezereka ya hydraulic ya madzi komanso phindu la gavana. Kuchepetsa chiŵerengero chomwe chili pamwambapa kumasokoneza kukhazikika ndipo kumafuna kuchepetsa phindu la gavana, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukhazikika kwa ma frequency. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yochepa ya flywheel pazigawo zozungulira za unit ya hydro ndi yofunika yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu jenereta yokha. Kapenanso nthawi yowonjezereka ya makina ingachepetsedwe popereka valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika kapena thanki yothamanga, ndi zina zotero, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodula kwambiri. Njira yoyesera ya mphamvu yowongolera liwiro la unit yopanga madzi ikhoza kutengera kukwera kwa liwiro la unit komwe kungachitike pakukana katundu wonse wovotera wa unit yomwe ikugwira ntchito yokha. Kwa mayunitsi amphamvu omwe amagwira ntchito m'makina akuluakulu olumikizidwa ndipo omwe amafunika kuwongolera ma frequency a system, chiŵerengero cha kukwera kwa liwiro monga momwe chawerengedwera pamwambapa chinaonedwa kuti sichingapitirire 45 peresenti. Kwa makina ang'onoang'ono, kukwera kwa liwiro kochepa kungaperekedwe (Onani Mutu 4).
Gawo lakutali kuchokera ku malo olowera magetsi kupita ku Dehar Power Plant
(Chitsime: Pepala lolembedwa ndi Wolemba – Msonkhano Wachiwiri wa Dziko Lonse, International Water Resources Association 1979) Pa Dehar Power Plant, makina oyeretsera madzi ...
Nthawi ya masekondi 9.1 pamwamba pa mtunda wa mamita 282 (925 ft) ndi mphamvu yachibadwa ya flywheel ya ziwalo zozungulira za jenereta (monga, yokhazikika pa zinthu zoganizira za kukwera kwa kutentha kokha). Mu gawo loyamba la ntchito, kukwera kwa liwiro kunapezeka kuti sikupitirira 43 peresenti. Chifukwa chake, zinaganiziridwa kuti mphamvu yachibadwa ya flywheel ndi yokwanira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa makina.
Magawo a Jenereta ndi Kukhazikika kwa Magetsi
Ma parameter a jenereta omwe amakhudza kukhazikika ndi flywheel effect, transient reactance ndi short circuit ratio. Poyamba kupanga makina a 420 kV EHV monga ku Dehar, mavuto a kukhazikika amatha kukhala ofunikira chifukwa cha kufooka kwa makina, kuchepa kwa short circuit level, kugwira ntchito pa leading power factor, komanso kufunika kochepetsa ndalama zoperekera ma transmission spare stores ndi kukonza kukula ndi magawo a mayunitsi opanga magetsi. Maphunziro oyambirira a transient stability pa network analyzer (pogwiritsa ntchito constant voltage behind transient reactance) a makina a Dehar EHV adawonetsanso kuti marginal stability okha ndi omwe angapezeke. Poyamba kupanga Dehar Power Plant, adaganiziridwa kuti kusankha ma jenereta okhala ndi normal
makhalidwe ndi kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kukhazikika mwa kukonza magawo a zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudzidwa makamaka za makina osonkhezera kungakhale njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Mu kafukufuku wa British System, zidawonetsedwanso kuti kusintha magawo a jenereta sikukhudza kwambiri malire a kukhazikika. Chifukwa chake, magawo abwinobwino a jenereta monga momwe zaperekedwera mu appendix adatchulidwa pa jenereta. Maphunziro atsatanetsatane a kukhazikika omwe achitika aperekedwa
Kutha Kuchaja Mizere ndi Kukhazikika kwa Voltage
Majenereta a hydro omwe ali kutali omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchaja mizere yayitali ya EHV yotulutsidwa yomwe kVA yochaja ndi yochulukirapo kuposa mphamvu ya makina yochaja, makinawo amatha kudzisangalatsa okha ndipo magetsi amakwera mopitirira muyeso. Chofunikira pakudzipangitsa kukhala wodzikuza ndichakuti xc < xd pomwe, xc ndi capacitive load reactance ndipo xd ndi synchronous direct axis reactance. Mphamvu yofunikira pakuchaja mzere umodzi wotsitsa wa 420 kV E2 /xc mpaka Panipat (kumapeto kolandira) inali pafupifupi 150 MVAR pa voltage yovomerezeka. Mu gawo lachiwiri pamene mzere wachiwiri wa 420 kV wofanana ndi kutalika wayikidwa, mphamvu yochaja mzere yofunikira kuti itchaje mizere yonse yotulutsidwa nthawi imodzi pa voltage yovomerezeka idzakhala pafupifupi 300 MVAR.
Mphamvu yochaja chingwe yomwe imapezeka pa voltage yovomerezeka kuchokera ku jenereta ya Dehar monga momwe ogulitsa zida adanenera inali motere:
(i) 70 peresenti ya MVA yovoteledwa, mwachitsanzo, 121.8 MVAR line charging ndizotheka ndi kutsitsa kochepa kwa 10 peresenti.
(ii) Mpaka 87 peresenti ya MVA yovomerezeka, mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yochaja ya mzere wa MVAR ya 139 ndi yotheka ndi kutsitsa kwabwino kwa 1 peresenti.
(iii) Mpaka 100 peresenti ya MVAR yovomerezeka, mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yochaja ya mzere 173.8 ingapezeke ndi pafupifupi 5 peresenti ya kutsitsa koipa ndipo mphamvu yochaja ya mzere wapamwamba kwambiri yomwe ingapezeke ndi kutsitsa koipa kwa 10 peresenti ndi 110 peresenti ya MVA yovomerezeka (191 MVAR) malinga ndi BSS.
(iv) Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zochapira mzere kumatheka pokhapokha powonjezera kukula kwa makina. Pankhani ya (ii) ndi (iii) kulamulira kwa dzanja sikungatheke ndipo kudalira kwathunthu kuyenera kuyikidwa pakugwira ntchito kosalekeza kwa owongolera magetsi odziyimira pawokha. Sikoyenera kapena koyenera kuwonjezera kukula kwa makinawo kuti awonjezere mphamvu zochapira mzere. Chifukwa chake, poganizira momwe ntchito ikuyendera mu gawo loyamba la ntchito, adaganiza zopereka mphamvu zochapira mzere wa 191 MVAR pamagetsi ovomerezeka a majenereta popereka mphamvu yoipa pa majenereta. Mkhalidwe wofunikira wogwirira ntchito womwe umayambitsa kusakhazikika kwa magetsi ukhozanso kuyambitsidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa katundu kumapeto kwa cholandirira. Chochitikachi chimachitika chifukwa cha kukweza kwa capacitive pamakina komwe kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukwera kwa liwiro la jenereta. Kudzikuza ndi kusakhazikika kwa magetsi kumatha kuchitika ngati.
Xc ≤ n2 (Xq + XT)
Pamene, Xc ndi capacitive load reactance, Xq ndi quadrature axis synchronous reactance ndipo n ndi maximum relative over speed yomwe imachitika pakakanidwa katundu. Vutoli pa jenereta ya Dehar linaperekedwa kuti lichotsedwe popereka 400 kV EHV shunt reactor (75 MVA) yolumikizidwa kosatha kumapeto kwa mzerewu malinga ndi kafukufuku watsatanetsatane womwe wachitika.
Kuzungulira kwa Damper
Ntchito yaikulu ya chozungulira cha damper ndi kuthekera kwake kupewa ma voltage ochulukirapo ngati pali zolakwika za mzere kupita ku mzere ndi katundu wonyamula, motero kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa magetsi ochulukirapo pazida. Poganizira malo akutali ndi mizere yayitali yolumikizirana yolumikizirana yolumikizana kwathunthu ndi ma damper windings okhala ndi chiŵerengero cha quadrature ndi direct axis reactances Xnq/ Xnd osapitirira 1.2 adatchulidwa.
Khalidwe la Jenereta ndi Dongosolo Losangalatsa
Majenereta okhala ndi makhalidwe abwinobwino atafotokozedwa ndipo maphunziro oyamba atasonyeza kukhazikika pang'ono, adaganiza kuti zida zolimbikitsira zamagetsi zothamanga kwambiri zigwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza malire okhazikika kuti zikwaniritse dongosolo labwino kwambiri la zida. Kafukufuku watsatanetsatane adachitika kuti adziwe mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a zida zolimbikitsira zamagetsi zokhazikika ndipo adakambidwa mu chaputala 10.
Kuganizira za Chivomerezi
Malo Opangira Magetsi ku Dehar ali m'dera la zivomerezi. Zotsatira za kapangidwe ka jenereta yamadzi ku Dehar zidaperekedwa pokambirana ndi opanga zida komanso poganizira za zivomerezi ndi malo omwe ali pamalopo komanso lipoti la Komiti ya Akatswiri a Zivomerezi ku Koyna yomwe idapangidwa ndi Boma la India mothandizidwa ndi UNESCO.
Mphamvu ya Makina
Majenereta a Dehar apangidwe kuti athe kupirira mphamvu yayikulu yofulumira chivomerezi m'njira yowongoka komanso yopingasa yomwe ikuyembekezeka ku Dehar ikugwira ntchito pakati pa makina.
Kuchuluka kwa Zachilengedwe
Mafupipafupi achilengedwe a makina ayenera kusungidwa kutali (kwambiri) ndi mafupipafupi a maginito a 100 Hz (kuwirikiza kawiri mafupipafupi a jenereta). Mafupipafupi achilengedwe awa adzakhala kutali kwambiri ndi mafupipafupi a chivomerezi ndipo adzayang'aniridwa kuti awone ngati pali malire okwanira motsutsana ndi mafupipafupi ambiri a chivomerezi ndi liwiro lofunikira la makina ozungulira.
Chithandizo cha stator ya jenereta
Maziko a jenereta stator ndi ma thrust otsika ndi otsogolera amakhala ndi ma sole plate angapo. Ma sole plate amamangiriridwa ku maziko mozungulira kuwonjezera pa njira yowongoka bwino ndi ma bolts a maziko.
Kapangidwe ka Kunyamula Malangizo
Ma bearing otsogolera azikhala amtundu wa segmental ndipo zigawo zotsogolera ziyenera kulimba kuti zisagwere chivomerezi chonse. Opanga adalimbikitsanso kuti amange bulaketi lapamwamba mozungulira ndi mbiya (jenereta yozungulira) pogwiritsa ntchito ma girders achitsulo. Izi zikutanthauzanso kuti mbiya ya konkire iyenera kulimbanso.
Kuzindikira Kugwedezeka kwa Majenereta
Kuyika zida zoyezera kugwedezeka kapena zoyezera kusinthasintha pa ma turbine ndi ma jenereta kunalimbikitsidwa kuti kukhazikitsidwe kuti kuyambitse kuzimitsa ndi kuchenjeza ngati kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chivomerezi kupitirira mtengo wokhazikika. Chipangizochi chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pozindikira kugwedezeka kulikonse kwachilendo kwa chipangizo chifukwa cha mikhalidwe ya hydraulic yomwe imakhudza turbine.
Ma Contacts a Mercury
Kugwedezeka kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chivomerezi kungayambitse kugwa kwa bodza chifukwa choyambitsa kuzimitsa kwa chipangizocho ngati mercury contacts ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zitha kupewedwa posankha ma switch a mercury otsutsana ndi kugwedezeka kapena ngati pakufunika kutero powonjezera ma timing relay.
Mapeto
(1) Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zipangizo ndi kapangidwe ka Dehar Power Plant kunapezeka mwa kugwiritsa ntchito kukula kwa mayunitsi akuluakulu poganizira kukula kwa gridi ndi momwe imakhudzira mphamvu ya makina osungira magetsi.
(2) Mtengo wa majenereta unachepetsedwa potengera kapangidwe ka maambulera omangira omwe tsopano ndi otheka pa majenereta akuluakulu amadzi othamanga kwambiri chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwa chitsulo cholimba kwambiri cha ma punching a rotor rim.
(3) Kugula makina opanga mphamvu zambiri zachilengedwe pambuyo pa kafukufuku watsatanetsatane kunapangitsa kuti ndalamazo zisungidwe bwino.
(4) Mphamvu yachibadwa ya flywheel ya magawo ozungulira a jenereta pa siteshoni yowongolera ma frequency ku Dehar inkaonedwa kuti ndi yokwanira kuti dongosolo la turbine governor likhale lolimba chifukwa cha dongosolo lalikulu lolumikizana.
(5) Magawo apadera a majenereta akutali omwe amapatsa maukonde a EHV kuti atsimikizire kukhazikika kwamagetsi amatha kukwaniritsidwa ndi machitidwe ofulumira osinthira osasunthika.
(6) Machitidwe ofulumira olimbikitsa mpweya angapereke malire ofunikira okhazikika. Komabe, machitidwe oterewa amafunikira zizindikiro zokhazikika kuti akwaniritse kukhazikika kwa vuto pambuyo pake. Maphunziro atsatanetsatane ayenera kuchitika.
(7) Kusakhazikika kwa magetsi odzipangira okha komanso kusakhazikika kwa magetsi akutali omwe amalumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi mizere yayitali ya EHV kungapewedwe mwa kuwonjezera mphamvu yochaja ya makina pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoletsa kusokoneza ndi/kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ma reactor a EHV shunt olumikizidwa kosatha.
(8) Makonzedwe apangidwe a majenereta ndi maziko ake angapereke chitetezo ku mphamvu za zivomerezi pamtengo wotsika.
Magawo Aakulu a Dehar Generators
Chiŵerengero Chafupi Cha Dera = 1.06
Kuyankha Kwachangu Mwachindunji = 0.2
Zotsatira za Flywheel = 39.5 x 106 lb ft2
Xnq/Xnd osapitirira = 1.2
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-11-2021
