Amanyathelo onyango kunye nothintelo lweentanda zekhonkrithi kwitonela yokukhupha isikhukula kwisikhululo sombane wamanzi
1.1 Isishwankathelo seprojekthi yokukhupha i-tunnel ye-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station kwi-Mengjiang River Basin
Umkhukula wokukhupha i-tunnel ye-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station kwi-Mengjiang River Basin yePhondo laseGuizhou ithatha ukuma kwesango lesixeko.Itonela yonke ingama-528 m ubude, kwaye indawo yokungena kunye nokuphakama komgangatho yi-536.65 kunye ne-494.2 m ngokulandelanayo.Phakathi kwabo, emva kokugcinwa kwamanzi okuqala kweShuanghekou Hydropower Station , Emva kokuhlolwa kwendawo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba xa inqanaba lamanzi kwindawo yokugcina amanzi liphezulu kunokuphakama kweplagi ye-arch ye-tunnel yezikhukhula, ukwakhiwa. iijoyinti kunye namalungu abandayo ekhonkrithi epleyiti esezantsi yeshafti enentloko ende ethambekileyo avelisa amanzi arhorhozelayo, kunye nesixa sokuphuma kwamanzi sakhatshwa ngumphakamo wamanzi kwindawo yokugcina amanzi.ukunyuka nokuqhubeka nokukhula.Kwangaxeshanye, ukuntywila kwamanzi kuyenzeka kwakhona eludongeni olusecaleni lwekhonkrithi amalungu abandayo kunye namalungu okwakha kwindawo ethambekele kwishaft yaseLongzhuang.Emva kophando kunye nophando ngabasebenzi abafanelekileyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ezona zizathu ziphambili zokuphuma kwamanzi kwezi ndawo zibangelwa yimeko yejoloji ehlwempuzekileyo ye-rock strata kula matonela, unyango olungonelisiyo lwamalungu okwakha, ukuveliswa kwamalungu abandayo ngexesha lokuhamba. inkqubo yokugalela ikhonkrithi, kunye nokungaqini kakuhle kunye nokugrunjwa kweeplagi zetonela ye-duxun.Jia et al.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abasebenzi abachaphazelekayo bacebise indlela yokuxutywa kweekhemikhali kwindawo yokukhupha amanzi ukuze kuthintelwe ngokufanelekileyo i-seepage kunye nokunyanga iintanda.
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1.2 Ukunyangwa kweentanda kwi-tunnel yokukhupha i-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station kwi-Mengjiang River Basin
Zonke iindawo ezigutyungelweyo zetonela yokukhupha iSikhululo soMbane waManzi eLuding zenziwe ngekhonkrithi ye-HFC40, kwaye uninzi lweentanda ezibangelwe kukwakhiwa kwedama lesikhululo sombane wamanzi zisasazwa apha.Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, iintanda zigxile kakhulu kwicandelo le-0+180~0+600 ledama.Indawo ephambili yokuqhekeka ludonga olusecaleni kunye nomgama we-1 ~ 7m ukusuka kwiplate ephantsi, kwaye ubuninzi bobubanzi bu malunga ne-0.1 mm, ngokukodwa kwindawo yokugcina impahla.Inxalenye ephakathi yokuhanjiswa yeyona nto ininzi.Phakathi kwabo, i-angle yokwenzeka kweentanda kunye ne-angle ethe tye ihlala ingaphezulu okanye ilingana ne-45. zibonakala zimanzi kuphela kumphezulu odibeneyo kwaye ii-watermark zivela kumphezulu wekhonkrithi, kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu iimpawu ezicacileyo zokuphuma kwamanzi.Akukho nanye imikhondo yamanzi abalekayo amancinci.Ngokuqwalasela ixesha lophuhliso iintanda, kuyaziwa ukuba iintanda ziya kuvela xa formwork isuswe iiyure ezingama-24 emva kokugalela ikhonkrithi kwinqanaba lokuqala, kwaye ke ezi iintanda ngokuthe ngcembe ziya kufikelela kwincopho malunga neentsuku ezisi-7 emva kokususwa. ifomwork.Ayiyi kuyeka ukukhula kancinci kude kube yi-l5-20 d emva kokudiliza.
2. Unyango kunye nothintelo olusebenzayo lweentanda zekhonkrithi kwiitonela zokukhuphela izikhukula zezikhululo zombane
2.1 Indlela ye-Chemical grouting ye-tunnel spillway ye-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station
2.1.1 Intshayelelo, iimpawu kunye nokwakheka kwezinto
Izinto eziludaka lwekhemikhali yi-PCI-CW ephezulu yokungena emodified epoxy resin.Izinto eziphathekayo zinamandla aphezulu okubambisana, kwaye zinokunyangwa kwiqondo lokushisa, kunye nokunciphisa okuncinci emva kokunyanga, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ineempawu zamandla aphezulu omatshini kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuzinzileyo, ngoko ke inokumiswa kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nokuvuza- ukumisa iziphumo.Olu hlobo lwezinto zokuqinisa i-grouting zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekulungiseni nasekuqiniseni iiprojekthi zokulondoloza amanzi.Ukongeza, izinto eziphathekayo nazo zinezibonelelo zenkqubo elula, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusingqongileyo, kwaye akukho ngcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.
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2.1.2 Amanyathelo okwakha
Okokuqala, khangela i-seams kunye nemingxuma yokubhoboza.Coca iintanda ezifunyenwe kwi-spillway ngamanzi aphakamileyo aphezulu kwaye uguqule indawo yesiseko sekhonkrithi, kwaye uhlolisise imbangela yokuqhekeka kunye nolwalathiso lweentanda.Kwaye wamkele indlela yokudibanisa umngxuma oqhekezayo kunye nomngxuma othambekele ekubhobhozeni.Emva kokugqiba ukugaya umngxuma othambekeleyo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa umoya ophezulu kunye nompu wamanzi oxinzelelo oluphezulu ukujonga umngxuma kunye nokuqhekeka, kwaye uzalise ukuqokelelwa kwedatha yobukhulu bokuqhekeka.
Okwesibini, imingxuma yelaphu, imingxuma yokutywina kunye nokutywinwa kwemithungo.Kwakhona, sebenzisa umoya woxinzelelo oluphezulu ukucima umngxuma wokugaya oza kwakhiwa, kwaye ususe intlenga efakwe phantsi komsele kunye nodonga lomngxuma, uze ufake i-blocker ye-grouting hole kwaye uyiphawule kumngxuma wombhobho. .Ukuchongwa kwegrout kunye nemingxuma yokuphuma.Emva kokuba imingxunya ye-grouting icwangcisiwe, sebenzisa i-agent ye-PSI-130 yokuxhuma ngokukhawuleza ukuvala i-cavities, kwaye usebenzise i-epoxy sement ukuqinisa ngakumbi ukutywinwa kwemigodi.Emva kokuvala ukuvulwa, kuyimfuneko ukutshiza i-groove ye-2cm ububanzi kunye ne-2cm ubunzulu ecaleni kwendlela yokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi.Emva kokucoca i-groove e-chiseled kunye noxinzelelo lwamanzi okubuyisela emva, sebenzisa i-plugging ekhawulezayo ukutywina i-groove.
Kwakhona, emva kokujonga ukungena komoya kumbhobho ongcwatywe, qalisa umsebenzi wokugaya.Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-grouting, imingxuma ye-oblique engabonakaliyo igcwele kuqala, kwaye inani lemingxuma lihlelwe ngokuhambelana nobude benkqubo yokwakhiwa kwangempela.Xa i-grouting, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo imeko ye-grouting yemingxuma ekufutshane.Emva kokuba imingxuma ekufutshane ine-grouting, onke amanzi kwimingxuma yokucoca kufuneka ikhutshwe, kwaye idibaniswe kumbhobho we-grouting kunye ne-grouted.Ngokwale ndlela ingentla, umngxuma ngamnye ukhutshiwe ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi nasezantsi ukuya phezulu.
Amanyathelo onyango kunye nothintelo lweentanda zekhonkrithi kwitonela yokukhupha isikhukula kwisikhululo sombane wamanzi
Ekugqibeleni, i-grout igqiba umgangatho.Umgangatho woxinzelelo lwekhemikhali yegrouting yeentanda zekhonkrithi kwi-spillway lixabiso eliqhelekileyo elibonelelwa luyilo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-grouting kufuneka lube ngaphantsi okanye lulingane ne-1.5 MPa.Ukuzimisela kokuphela kwe-grouting kusekelwe kwisixa sokujova kunye nobukhulu boxinzelelo lwe-grouting.Imfuneko esisiseko kukuba emva kokuba uxinzelelo lwe-grouting lufikelele kumlinganiselo ophezulu, i-grouting ayisayi kungena emngxunyeni ngaphakathi kwe-30mm.Ngeli xesha, ukubopha umbhobho kunye nokusebenza kokuvala i-slurry kunokwenziwa.
Izizathu kunye nemilinganiselo yonyango yokuqhekeka kwitonela yokukhupha i-Luding Hydropower Station
2.2.1 Uhlalutyo lwezizathu zokukhutshwa kwetonela lokukhukula kwiSikhululo soMbane waManzi eLuding
Okokuqala, izinto eziluhlaza azihambelani kakuhle kunye nokuzinza.Okwesibini, ubungakanani besamente kwi-mix ratio bukhulu, okubangela ukuba ikhonkrithi ivelise ubushushu obuninzi be-hydration.Okwesibini, ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal coefficient yokuhlanganiswa kwamatye kwimifula yemilambo, xa ubushushu buguquka, i-aggregates kunye nezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-coagulating materials ziya kuchithwa.Okwesithathu, ikhonkrithi ye-HF ineemfuno eziphezulu zetekhnoloji yokwakha, kunzima ukuyiqonda kakuhle inkqubo yokwakha, kwaye ulawulo lwexesha lokungcangcazela kunye nendlela alukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziqhelekileyo.Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokuba i-tunnel yokukhupha isikhukula seSikhululo se-Luding Hydropower singena, ukuhamba komoya okunamandla kwenzeka, okubangelwa ukushisa okuphantsi ngaphakathi kwetonela, okukhokelela kumlinganiselo omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kwekhonkrithi kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle.
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2.2.2 Amanyathelo onyango nothintelo lweentanda kwitonela yokukhuphela
(1) Ukuze kuncitshiswe umoya wokungenisa umoya kwitonela kunye nokukhusela ubushushu bekhonkrithi, ukuze kuncitshiswe umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwekhonkrithi kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle, isakhelo esigobileyo sinokumiselwa ekuphumeni kwetonela yokuchitheka, kunye nekhethini leseyile inokuxhonywa.
(2) Phantsi kwesiseko sokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla, umlinganiselo wekhonkrithi kufuneka uhlengahlengiswe, ubungakanani besamente kufuneka buncitshiswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye uthuthu lwempukane kufuneka lwandiswe ngaxeshanye, ukuze ukushisa kwe-hydration yekhonkrithi kunokuncitshiswa, ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukushisa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwekhonkrithi.umahluko lobushushu.
(3) Sebenzisa ikhomputha ukulawula ubungakanani bamanzi ongeziweyo, ukwenzela ukuba umlinganiselo wesamente wamanzi ulawulwe ngokungqongqo kwinkqubo yokuxuba ikhonkrithi.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngexesha lokuxuba, ukuze kuncitshiswe iqondo lokushisa lokuphuma kwezinto eziluhlaza, kuyimfuneko ukwamkela ukushisa okuphantsi.Xa uthutha ikhonkrithi ehlotyeni, i-thermal insulation ehambelanayo kunye namanyathelo okupholisa kufuneka athathwe ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukufudumeza kwekhonkrithi ngexesha lokuthutha.
(4) Inkqubo yokungcangcazela kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo kwinkqubo yokwakha, kwaye umsebenzi wokungcangcazela womelezwa ngokusebenzisa iintonga eziguquguqukayo zeshaft ezingcangcazelisayo ezinobubanzi obuyi-100 mm kunye ne-70 mm.
(5) Lawula ngokungqongqo isantya sekhonkrithi engena kwindawo yokugcina impahla, ukwenzela ukuba isantya sayo sokunyuka singaphantsi okanye silingane no-0.8 m/h.
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(7) Emva kokudiliza i-formwork, thumela abasebenzi abakhethekileyo ukuba benze umsebenzi wokulondoloza ukutshiza kwiprojekthi yekhonkrithi ngexesha.Amanzi olondolozo kufuneka agcinwe ku-20℃ okanye ngaphezulu kwamanzi ashushu, kwaye umphezulu wesamente kufuneka ugcinwe ufumile.
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Ngokuhlalutya izizathu kunye neendlela zonyango lwe-tunnel yokukhupha i-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station kunye ne-tunnel discharge ye-Luding Hydropower Station, kuyaziwa ukuba yangaphambili ngenxa yeemeko ezimbi ze-geological, unyango olungonelisiyo lwamalungu okwakha, iimbumba ezibandayo kunye nemiqolomba ye-duxun. ngexesha lokugalela ikhonkrithi.Ukuqhekeka kwitonela yokukhupha isikhukula okubangelwa kukudityaniswa kweplagi embi kunye ne-grouting kunokunyanzeliswa ngokufanelekileyo nge-chemical grouting kunye ne-high-permeability modified epoxy resin materials;iintanda zokugqibela ezibangelwa ubushushu obugqithisileyo be-concrete hydration, IiNgxobhozo zinokunyangwa kwaye zithintelwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umthamo wesamente kunye nokusebenzisa i-polycarboxylate superplasticizer kunye ne-C9035 izinto eziphathekayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-17-2022
