Unyango kunye namanyathelo okuthintela imingxunya yekhonkrithi kumjelo wokukhupha izikhukula kwisikhululo samandla ombane
1.1 Isishwankathelo seprojekthi yomngxuma wokukhupha izikhukula kwiSitishi sikagesi samanzi saseShuanghekou kwiSidibi soMlambo iMengjiang
Umjelo wokukhupha amanzi ezikhukula weSitishi sikagesi iShuanghekou kwiSidishi soMlambo iMengjiang kwiPhondo laseGuizhou ufana nesango lesixeko. Lo mjelo wonke ungama-528 eemitha ubude, kwaye ukuphakama komgangatho wokungena nokuphuma yi-536.65 kunye ne-494.2 m ngokulandelelana. Phakathi kwabo, emva kokugcinwa kwamanzi kokuqala kweSitishi sikagesi iShuanghekou, Emva kokuhlolwa kwendawo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba xa inqanaba lamanzi kwindawo yogcino laliphezulu kunokuphakama kwe-plug arch yomjelo wogcino, iindawo zokwakha kunye neendawo ezibandayo zekhonkrithi zepleyiti esezantsi yomjelo othe tyaba omde zivelisa ukuvuza kwamanzi, kwaye inani lokuvuza kwamanzi lalihamba nenqanaba lamanzi kwindawo yogcino. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuvuza kwamanzi kukwakho nakwiindawo ezibandayo zekhonkrithi kunye neendawo zokwakha kwicandelo lomjelo othe tyaba weLongzhuang. Emva kophando nophando olwenziwe ngabasebenzi abafanelekileyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba izizathu eziphambili zokuvuza kwamanzi kwezi ndawo zazibangelwa ziimeko ezimbi zejoloji ze-strata yamatye kwezi tunnels, unyango olunganelisiyo lweendawo zokwakha, ukuveliswa kweendawo ezibandayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokugalela ikhonkrithi, kunye nokuhlanganiswa okungalunganga kunye nokugquma kweeplagi ze-duxun tunnel. UJia et al. Ngenxa yoku, abasebenzi abafanelekileyo bacebise indlela yokugaya iikhemikhali kwindawo yokuvuza ukuze kuthintelwe ngempumelelo ukuvuza kwamanzi kunye nokunyanga iintanda.
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1.2 Unyango lweentanda kwitonela yokukhupha amanzi kwizikhukula zeSitishi sikagesi iShuanghekou kwiSidishi soMlambo iMengjiang
Zonke iindawo ezikhutshiweyo zetonela yokukhupha amanzi ezikhukula zeLuding Hydropower Station zenziwe ngekhonkrithi ye-HFC40, kwaye uninzi lweentanda ezibangelwe kukwakhiwa kwedama lesikhululo samanzi zisasazekile apha. Ngokwezibalo, iintanda zixinene kakhulu kwicandelo le-0+180~0+600 ledama. Indawo ephambili yeentanda ludonga olusecaleni olunomgama we-1~7m ukusuka kwipleyiti esezantsi, kwaye uninzi lobubanzi lumalunga ne-0.1 mm, ngakumbi kwindawo nganye yokugcina impahla. Inxalenye ephakathi yosasazo yeyona ininzi. Phakathi kwazo, i-engile yokuvela kweentanda kunye ne-engile ethe tye ihlala inkulu kune-45. , imilo iyaqhekeka kwaye ayiqhelekanga, kwaye iintanda ezivelisa ukuvuza kwamanzi zihlala zinomlinganiselo omncinci wokuvuza kwamanzi, ngelixa uninzi lweentanda zibonakala zimanzi kuphela kumphezulu odibeneyo kwaye ii-watermarks zivela kumphezulu wekhonkrithi, kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu iimpawu zokuvuza kwamanzi ezicacileyo. Akukho zimpawu zamanzi ahambayo kancinci. Ngokujonga ixesha lophuhliso lwezikhewu, kuyaziwa ukuba izikhewu ziya kuvela xa ifom isuswa kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokugalelwa kwekhonkrithi kwinqanaba lokuqala, kwaye ezi zikhewu ziya kufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu malunga neentsuku ezisi-7 emva kokususwa kwefom. Ayiyi kuyeka ukukhula kancinci de kube yi-15-20 emva kokususwa.
2. Unyango kunye nokuthintela ngempumelelo imifantu yekhonkrithi kwimijelo yokukhupha amanzi kwizitishi zamandla ombane
2.1 Indlela yokucoca iikhemikhali kwitonela yokuchitheka kwamanzi yeSitishi sikagesi iShuanghekou
2.1.1 Intshayelelo, iimpawu kunye noqwalaselo lwezinto
Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-chemical slurry yi-PCI-CW high permeability modified epoxy resin. Ezi zinto zinamandla aphezulu okubambisana, kwaye zinokunyangwa kubushushu begumbi, kwaye azinciphi emva kokunyibilika, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, zineempawu zamandla aphezulu oomatshini kunye nokumelana nobushushu okuzinzileyo, ngoko ke zinemiphumo emihle yokumisa amanzi kunye nokumisa ukuvuza. Olu hlobo lwezinto zokuqinisa i-grouting lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseni nasekuqiniseni iiprojekthi zokugcina amanzi. Ukongeza, ezi zinto zikwanazo neengenelo zenkqubo elula, ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhusela okusingqongileyo, kunye nokungabikho kongcoliseko kwindalo.
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2.1.2 Amanyathelo okwakha
Okokuqala, khangela imithungo kunye nemingxunya yokubhoboza. Coca imingxunya efumaneka kwindlela yokuchitheka ngamanzi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu uze ubuyisele umva umphezulu wesiseko sekhonkrithi, kwaye ujonge unobangela wemingxunya kunye necala lemingxunya. Kwaye usebenzise indlela yokudibanisa umngxuma onomngxuma kunye nomngxuma otyebileyo ukuze ubhoboze. Emva kokugqiba ukubhoboza umngxuma otyebileyo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa umoya oxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nesibhamu samanzi esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukujonga umngxuma kunye nemingxunya, kwaye ugqibezele ukuqokelelwa kwedatha yobungakanani bomngxuma.
Okwesibini, imingxunya yelaphu, imingxunya yokuvala kunye nemithungo yokuvala. Kwakhona, sebenzisa umoya oxinzelelweyo ukuze ucime umngxuma wokuvala oza kwakhiwa, kwaye ususe inkunkuma ebekwe ezantsi komngxuma nakudonga lomngxuma, uze ufake i-grouting hole blocker kwaye uyiphawule kumngxuma wombhobho. Ukuchonga imingxunya ye-grout kunye ne-vent. Emva kokuba imingxunya ye-grouting ilungisiwe, sebenzisa i-PSI-130 quick plugging agent ukuvala imingxunya, kwaye usebenzise i-epoxy cement ukuqinisa ngakumbi ukuvalwa kwemingxunya. Emva kokuvala umngxuma, kuyimfuneko ukutshiza umngxuma onobubanzi obuyi-2cm kunye nobunzulu obuyi-2cm kwicala lekhonkrithi. Emva kokucoca umngxuma ocinyiweyo kunye namanzi oxinzelelo olubuyela umva, sebenzisa i-quick plugging ukuvala umngxuma.
Kwakhona, emva kokujonga umoya ophumayo kumbhobho ongcwatyiweyo, qalisa umsebenzi wokufaka i-grouting. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokufaka i-grouting, imingxuma e-oblique enenombolo engaqhelekanga iyazaliswa kuqala, kwaye inani lemingxuma licwangciswe ngokwexesha lenkqubo yokwakha yokwenyani. Xa ufaka i-grouting, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo imeko yokufaka i-grouting yemingxuma ekufutshane. Nje ukuba imingxuma ekufutshane ibe ne-grouting, onke amanzi kwimingxuma yokufaka i-grouting kufuneka akhutshwe amanzi, aze adityaniswe nombhobho wokufaka i-grouting aze afakwe i-grouting. Ngokwendlela engentla, umngxuma ngamnye ufakwa i-grouting ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi nasezantsi ukuya phezulu.
Unyango kunye namanyathelo okuthintela imingxunya yekhonkrithi kumjelo wokukhupha izikhukula kwisikhululo samandla ombane
Okokugqibela, i-grout iphela ngokwesiqhelo. Umgangatho woxinzelelo lwe-chemical grouting yeemfanta zekhonkrithi kwindawo echithekileyo lixabiso eliqhelekileyo elibonelelwa yilo. Ngokubanzi, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-grouting kufuneka lube ngaphantsi okanye lulingane ne-1.5 MPa. Ukuqinisekiswa kokuphela kwe-grouting kusekwe kubungakanani be-injection kunye nobukhulu boxinzelelo lwe-grouting. Imfuneko esisiseko kukuba emva kokuba uxinzelelo lwe-grouting lufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu, i-grouting ayisayi kungena emngxunyeni ngaphakathi kwe-30mm. Kule ndawo, umsebenzi wokubopha umbhobho kunye nokuvala i-slurry unokwenziwa.
Izizathu kunye namanyathelo onyango lweentanda kwitonela yokukhupha amanzi ezikhukhuleni kwiSitishi sikagesi iLuding
2.2.1 Uhlalutyo lwezizathu zomjelo wokukhupha amanzi kwizikhukula zeSitishi sikagesi iLuding
Okokuqala, izinto eziluhlaza azihambelani kakuhle kwaye azinazinzo. Okwesibini, ubungakanani besamente kumlinganiselo womxube bukhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ikhonkrithi ivelise ubushushu obuninzi bokufuma. Okwesibini, ngenxa yokwanda okukhulu kobushushu bee-aggregates zamatye kwiibheseni zemilambo, xa ubushushu butshintsha, ii-aggregates kunye nezinto ezibizwa ngokuba zi-coagulating materials ziya kuqhekeka. Okwesithathu, ikhonkrithi ye-HF ineemfuno zobuchwepheshe bokwakha eziphezulu, kunzima ukuyilawula inkqubo yokwakha, kwaye ulawulo lwexesha kunye nendlela yokungcangcazela alunakufikelela kwiimfuno ezisemgangathweni. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba i-tunnel yokukhupha amanzi ezikhukula yeLuding Hydropower Station ingena, umoya onamandla uyenzeka, nto leyo ebangela ubushushu obuphantsi ngaphakathi kwe-tunnel, nto leyo ebangela umahluko omkhulu wobushushu phakathi kwekhonkrithi kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle.
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2.2.2 Amanyathelo onyango kunye nokuthintela imingxunya kwitonela yokukhupha amanzi ezikhukula
(1) Ukuze kuncitshiswe umoya ophumayo kwitonela kwaye kukhuselwe ubushushu bekhonkrithi, ukuze kuncitshiswe umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwekhonkrithi kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle, isakhelo esigobileyo singamiswa ekuphumeni kwetonela echithekayo, kwaye kungaxhonywa ikhethini yekhanvasi.
(2) Phantsi kwesiseko sokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla, umlinganiselo wekhonkrithi kufuneka uhlengahlengiswe, ubungakanani besamente kufuneka buncitshiswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ubuninzi bothuthu oluphumayo kufuneka bunyuswe ngaxeshanye, ukuze ubushushu bokufuma kwekhonkrithi buncitshiswe, ukuze kuncitshiswe ubushushu bangaphakathi nobangaphandle bekhonkrithi.
(3) Sebenzisa ikhompyutha ukulawula ubungakanani bamanzi ongezelelweyo, ukuze umlinganiselo wamanzi nesamente ulawulwe ngokungqongqo kwinkqubo yokuxuba isamente. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngexesha lokuxuba, ukuze kuncitshiswe ubushushu bomngxuma wokukhupha izinto ezikrwada, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ubushushu obuphantsi. Xa kuthuthwa isamente ehlotyeni, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okupholisa nobushushu obufanelekileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ngempumelelo ukufudumeza isamente ngexesha lokuthutha.
(4) Inkqubo yokungcangcazela kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo kwinkqubo yokwakha, kwaye ukusebenza kokungcangcazela kuqiniswa ngokusebenzisa iintonga zokungcangcazela zeshaft eziguquguqukayo ezinobubanzi obuyi-100 mm kunye ne-70 mm.
(5) Lawula ngokungqongqo isantya sekhonkrithi engena kwindawo yokugcina impahla, ukuze isantya sayo sokunyuka sibe ngaphantsi okanye silingane ne-0.8 m/h.
(6) Yandisa ixesha lokususa iifom zekhonkrithi liye kutsho kwixesha eli-1 kunelo lokuqala, oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-48.
(7) Emva kokuqhaqha ifomwork, thumela abasebenzi abakhethekileyo ukuba benze umsebenzi wokulungisa iprojekthi yesamente ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Amanzi okulungisa kufuneka agcinwe kuma-20℃ okanye ngaphezulu kwamanzi afudumeleyo, kwaye umphezulu wesamente kufuneka ugcinwe umanzi.
(8) I-thermometer ingcwatywe kwindawo yokugcina izinto zekhonkrithi, ubushushu obungaphakathi kwekhonkrithi buyajongwa, kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi kotshintsho lobushushu bekhonkrithi kunye nokuveliswa kweentanda buyahlalutywa ngempumelelo.
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Ngokuhlalutya izizathu kunye neendlela zonyango zomsele wokukhupha amanzi ezikhukula kwiSitishi sikagesi iShuanghekou kunye nomsele wokukhupha amanzi ezikhukula kwiSitishi sikagesi iLuding, kwaziwa ukuba owokuqala ubangelwa ziimeko ezimbi zejoloji, unyango olunganelisiyo lwamalungu okwakha, amalungu abandayo kunye nemiqolomba ye-duxun ngexesha lokugalelwa kwekhonkrithi. Ukuqhekeka komsele wokukhupha amanzi ezikhukula okubangelwa kukuhlanganiswa kakubi kweeplagi kunye ne-grouting kunokucinezelwa ngempumelelo yi-grouting yamakhemikhali ngezinto ze-epoxy resin eziguqulweyo ezinokungena kakhulu; ukuqhekeka kokugqibela okubangelwa kubushushu obugqithisileyo bokufuma kwekhonkrithi, Ukuqhekeka kunokunyangwa kwaye kuthintelwe ngempumelelo ngokunciphisa ubungakanani besamente kunye nokusebenzisa i-polycarboxylate superplasticizer kunye nezinto zekhonkrithi ze-C9035.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-17-2022
