Kuchiza ndi kupewa ming'alu ya konkriti mu ngalande yotulutsira madzi osefukira pa siteshoni yamagetsi yamadzi
1.1 Chidule cha pulojekiti yotulutsira madzi m'ngalande ya sitima yamagetsi ya Shuanghekou Hydropower Station mu Mtsinje wa Mengjiang
Ngalande yotulutsa madzi osefukira ya Shuanghekou Hydropower Station ku Mengjiang River Basin ku Guizhou Province imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a chipata cha mzinda. Ngalande yonseyi ndi yayitali mamita 528, ndipo malo olowera ndi otulukira pansi ndi mamita 536.65 ndi 494.2 motsatana. Pakati pawo, pambuyo posungira madzi koyamba ku Shuanghekou Hydropower Station, Pambuyo poyang'anitsitsa pamalopo, zidapezeka kuti pamene madzi m'dera la dziwe anali okwera kuposa pamwamba pa plug arch ya ngalande ya kusefukira, malo olumikizirana ndi malo olumikizirana ozizira a konkriti pansi pa shaft yayitali yopendekeka adatulutsa madzi otuluka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka kunatsagana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi m'dera la dziwe. Nthawi yomweyo, madzi otuluka amapezekanso m'malo olumikizirana ozizira a konkriti ndi malo olumikizirana omangidwa m'gawo la shaft yopendekeka ku Longzhuang. Pambuyo pofufuza ndi kufufuza kwa ogwira ntchito oyenerera, zidapezeka kuti zomwe zimayambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi m'malo amenewa zinali chifukwa cha kusakhazikika bwino kwa miyala m'matanthwe awa, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa malo omangira, kupanga malo ozizira panthawi yothira konkire, komanso kusakhazikika bwino kwa mapulagi a matanthwe a duxun. Jia et al. Pachifukwa ichi, ogwira ntchito oyenerera adapereka njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala odulira madzi m'malo odulira madzi kuti aletse kutuluka kwa madzi ndikuchiza ming'alu.
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1.2 Kukonza ming'alu mu ngalande yotulutsira madzi osefukira ya Shuanghekou Hydropower Station mu Mtsinje wa Mengjiang Basin
Mbali zonse zofufutidwa za ngalande yotulutsira madzi ya Luding Hydropower Station zimapangidwa ndi konkriti ya HFC40, ndipo ming'alu yambiri yomwe idachitika chifukwa cha kumangidwa kwa damu la siteshoni yamagetsi imagawidwa pano. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ming'aluyi imapezeka makamaka mu gawo la 0+180~0+600 la damu. Malo akuluakulu a ming'aluyi ndi khoma la m'mbali lomwe lili ndi mtunda wa 1~7m kuchokera pansi, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi 0.1 mm, makamaka pa nyumba iliyonse yosungiramo zinthu. Gawo lapakati la kufalikira kwake ndilo lalikulu kwambiri. Pakati pawo, ngodya ya ming'alu ndi ngodya yopingasa imakhala yayikulu kuposa kapena yofanana ndi 45., mawonekedwe ake ndi osweka komanso osakhazikika, ndipo ming'alu yomwe imatulutsa madzi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi madzi ochepa, pomwe ming'alu yambiri imangooneka yonyowa pamwamba pa malo olumikizirana ndipo zizindikiro zamadzi zimawonekera pamwamba pa konkriti, koma pali zizindikiro zochepa zowonekera za madzi. Palibe zizindikiro za madzi oyenda pang'ono. Poona nthawi yopangira ming'alu, zimadziwika kuti ming'aluyo idzawonekera pamene fomuyo yachotsedwa maola 24 pambuyo poti konkire yathiridwa koyambirira, kenako ming'aluyi idzafika pang'onopang'ono patatha masiku 7 kuchokera pamene fomuyo yachotsedwa. Sidzasiya kukula pang'onopang'ono mpaka masiku 15-20 pambuyo poti yachotsedwa.
2. Kuchiza ndi kupewa bwino ming'alu ya konkriti m'matanthwe otulutsa madzi m'malo opangira magetsi amadzi
2.1 Njira yopangira pulasitiki pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira ngalande yotayira madzi ya Shuanghekou Hydropower Station
2.1.1 Chiyambi, makhalidwe ndi kasinthidwe ka zipangizo
Zipangizo za mankhwala osungunuka ndi PCI-CW high permeability modified epoxy resin. Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi mphamvu yogwirizana kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kuchiritsidwa kutentha kwa chipinda, ndipo sizimachepa kwambiri mutazikonza, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, zimakhala ndi mphamvu yamakina komanso kutentha kokhazikika, kotero zimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yoletsa madzi komanso yoletsa kutuluka kwa madzi. Zipangizo zolimbitsa grouting zamtunduwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukonza ndi kulimbikitsa mapulojekiti osamalira madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, zipangizozi zilinso ndi ubwino wa njira yosavuta, magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri oteteza chilengedwe, komanso kuipitsa chilengedwe.
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2.1.2 Masitepe omanga
Choyamba, yang'anani mipata ndi mabowo obowolera. Tsukani ming'alu yomwe yapezeka mumsewu wotayira madzi ndi madzi amphamvu kwambiri ndikubwezeretsa pansi pa konkire, ndikuwona chomwe chayambitsa ming'aluyo ndi komwe ming'aluyo yachokera. Ndipo gwiritsani ntchito njira yophatikiza dzenje lodulidwa ndi dzenje lopendekera pobowolera. Mukamaliza kubowola dzenje lopendekera, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wamphamvu ndi mfuti yamadzi amphamvu kwambiri kuti muwone dzenje ndi ming'aluyo, ndikumaliza kusonkhanitsa deta ya kukula kwa ming'aluyo.
Kachiwiri, mabowo a nsalu, mabowo otsekera ndi mipiringidzo yotsekera. Apanso, gwiritsani ntchito mpweya wothamanga kwambiri kuti muchotse dzenje loti lipangidwe, ndikuchotsa dothi lomwe lili pansi pa ngalande ndi pakhoma la dzenjelo, kenako ikani chotchingira dzenje lotsekera ndikuchiyika chizindikiro pa dzenje la paipi. Kuzindikira mabowo a grout ndi ma vent. Mabowo a grouting akakonzedwa, gwiritsani ntchito PSI-130 quick plugging agent kuti mutseke mabowo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito epoxy simenti kuti muwonjezere kutseka mabowo. Mukatseka potseguka, ndikofunikira kupala groove ya 2cm mulifupi ndi 2cm kuya motsatira njira ya ming'alu ya konkire. Mukatsuka groove yotsekeredwa ndi madzi othamanga obwerera m'mbuyo, gwiritsani ntchito quick plugging kuti mutseke groove.
Apanso, mutatha kuwona momwe mpweya umalowera m'mapaipi obisika, yambani ntchito yolumikiza ma grout. Panthawi yolumikiza ma grout, mabowo ozungulira osakanikizika amayamba kudzazidwa, ndipo chiwerengero cha mabowo chimakonzedwa malinga ndi kutalika kwa ntchito yeniyeni yomanga. Mukalumikiza ma grout, ndikofunikira kuganizira mokwanira momwe mabowo oyandikana alili. Mabowo oyandikana nawo akakhala ndi ma grout, madzi onse omwe ali m'mabowo olumikizira ma grout ayenera kutsukidwa, kenako kulumikizidwa ku chitoliro cholumikizira ma grout ndikuchilumikiza. Malinga ndi njira yomwe ili pamwambapa, bowo lililonse limadulidwa kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi mpaka pamwamba.
Kuchiza ndi kupewa ming'alu ya konkriti mu ngalande yotulutsira madzi osefukira pa siteshoni yamagetsi yamadzi
Pomaliza, grout imathera muyezo. Muyezo wa kupanikizika kwa mankhwala osakaniza konkire mumsewu wotayikira madzi ndi mtengo wokhazikika womwe umaperekedwa ndi kapangidwe kake. Kawirikawiri, kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa grouting kuyenera kukhala kochepera kapena kofanana ndi 1.5 MPa. Kutsimikiza kwa mapeto a grouting kumadalira kuchuluka kwa jakisoni ndi kukula kwa kupanikizika kwa grouting. Chofunika chachikulu ndichakuti kupanikizika kwa grouting kukafika pamlingo wapamwamba, grouting sidzalowanso m'bowo mkati mwa 30mm. Pakadali pano, ntchito yomangirira chitoliro ndi kutseka matope ikhoza kuchitika.
Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi njira zochizira ming'alu mu ngalande yotulutsira madzi osefukira ku Luding Hydropower Station
2.2.1 Kusanthula zomwe zimayambitsa ngalande yotulutsira madzi ku Luding Hydropower Station
Choyamba, zipangizo zopangira sizigwirizana bwino komanso sizili bwino. Kachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa simenti mu chiŵerengero chosakanikirana ndi kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti simenti ipange kutentha kwambiri kwa madzi. Kachiwiri, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa ma aggregates a miyala m'mitsinje, kutentha kukasintha, ma aggregates ndi zinthu zotchedwa coagulating zidzasuntha. Kachitatu, konkire ya HF ili ndi zofunikira kwambiri paukadaulo womanga, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa bwino ntchito yomanga, ndipo kuwongolera nthawi ndi njira yogwedera sikungakwaniritse zofunikira zomwe zili muyeso. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa ngalande yotulutsa madzi osefukira ya Luding Hydropower Station imalowetsedwa, mpweya wamphamvu umayenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kochepa mkati mwa ngalande, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kosiyana kwambiri pakati pa konkire ndi malo akunja.
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2.2.2 Njira zochizira ndi kupewa ming'alu mu ngalande yotulutsira madzi osefukira
(1) Pofuna kuchepetsa mpweya wolowa m'ngalande ndikuteteza kutentha kwa konkriti, kuti achepetse kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa konkriti ndi malo akunja, chimango chopindika chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa potulukira pa ngalande yotayira madzi, ndipo nsalu yotchinga ikhoza kupachikidwa.
(2) Poganizira za kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mphamvu, gawo la konkire liyenera kusinthidwa, kuchuluka kwa simenti kuyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe zingathere, ndipo kuchuluka kwa phulusa la ntchentche kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa nthawi yomweyo, kuti kutentha kwa konkire kuchepe, kuti kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mkati ndi kunja kwa konkire.
(3) Gwiritsani ntchito kompyuta kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuwonjezeredwa, kuti chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi simenti chiziwongoleredwe bwino pakusakaniza konkire. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti panthawi yosakaniza, kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa malo otulutsira zinthu zopangira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kochepa. Ponyamula konkire m'chilimwe, njira zotetezera kutentha ndi kuziziritsa ziyenera kutengedwa kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa konkire panthawi yonyamula.
(4) Njira yogwedera iyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala pakupanga, ndipo ntchito yogwedera imalimbikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo zogwedezeka za shaft zokhala ndi mainchesi a 100 mm ndi 70 mm.
(5) Yang'anirani mwamphamvu liwiro la konkriti yolowa m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu, kuti liwiro lake lokwera likhale lochepera kapena lofanana ndi 0.8 m/h.
(6) Wonjezerani nthawi yochotsera konkire kufika pa nthawi imodzi kuposa nthawi yoyambirira, kutanthauza, kuyambira maola 24 mpaka maola 48.
(7) Mukamaliza kugwetsa fomu, tumizani antchito apadera kuti akachite ntchito yokonza konkriti nthawi yake. Madzi okonza ayenera kusungidwa pa 20℃ kapena kupitirira madzi ofunda, ndipo pamwamba pa konkriti payenera kukhala ponyowa.
(8) Thermometer imayikidwa m'nyumba yosungiramo simenti, kutentha mkati mwa simenti kumayang'aniridwa, ndipo ubale pakati pa kusintha kwa kutentha kwa simenti ndi kupanga ming'alu ukuwunikidwa bwino.
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Pofufuza zomwe zimayambitsa ndi njira zochizira njira yotulutsira madzi osefukira ku Shuanghekou Hydropower Station ndi njira yotulutsira madzi osefukira ku Luding Hydropower Station, zimadziwika kuti yoyambayo imachitika chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa, kusamalidwa bwino kwa malo olumikizirana, malo ozizira komanso mapanga a duxun panthawi yothira konkire. Ming'alu yomwe ili mu njira yotulutsira madzi osefukira chifukwa cha kusagwirizana bwino kwa pulagi ndi grouting imatha kuchepetsedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito grouting ya mankhwala yokhala ndi zinthu zosinthika za epoxy resin; ming'alu yomalizayi yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa konkire, Ming'alu imatha kuchiritsidwa ndikupewedwa bwino mwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa simenti ndikugwiritsa ntchito polycarboxylate superplasticizer ndi zinthu za konkire za C9035.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-17-2022
