Izindlela Zokwelapha Nokuvimbela Imifantu Yekhonkrithi Emhubheni Wokukhipha Izikhukhula Wesiteshi Sikagesi Wamanzi

Izindlela zokwelapha nokuvimbela imifantu yekhonkrithi emhubheni wokukhipha izikhukhula esiteshini sikagesi wamanzi

1.1 Ukubuka konke kwephrojekthi yomhubhe wokukhipha izikhukhula weSiteshi sikagesi samanzi saseShuanghekou eMfuleni iMengjiang
Umhubhe wokukhipha amanzi ezikhukhuleni weSiteshi sikagesi iShuanghekou eSigodini soMfula iMengjiang esifundazweni saseGuizhou ufana nesimo sesango lomuzi. Lonke umhubhe ungamamitha angu-528 ubude, kanti ukuphakama kokungena nokuphuma phansi kungu-536.65 kanye no-494.2 m ngokulandelana. Phakathi kwabo, ngemva kokugcinwa kwamanzi kokuqala kweSiteshi sikagesi iShuanghekou, Ngemva kokuhlolwa endaweni, kwatholakala ukuthi lapho izinga lamanzi endaweni yesitsha laliphakeme kunokuphakama kwengxenye ephezulu ye-plug arch yomhubhe wezikhukhula, izindawo zokwakha kanye nezindawo zokugcina amanzi eziqinile zepuleti elingezansi lomgodi othambekele onekhanda elide kwakhiqiza ukuvuza kwamanzi, kanti inani lokuvuza kwamanzi lalihambisana nezinga lamanzi endaweni yesitsha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvuza kwamanzi kwenzeka nasezingosini ezibandayo zekhonkrithi ezingodongeni oluseceleni kanye nasezingosini zokwakha engxenyeni ye-integrated shaft yaseLongzhuang. Ngemva kophenyo nocwaningo olwenziwe ngabasebenzi abafanele, kwatholakala ukuthi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuvuza kwamanzi kulezi zingxenye zazibangelwa izimo ezimbi ze-geological ze-strata yamadwala kulezi zindawo zokudonsa amanzi, ukuphathwa okungagculisi kwamajoyinti okwakha, ukukhiqizwa kwamajoyinti abandayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthulula ukhonkolo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okubi kanye nokugrumba kwama-plug e-duxun tunnel. UJia nabanye. Ngenxa yalokhu, abasebenzi abafanele baphakamise indlela yokugaya amakhemikhali endaweni yokuvuza amanzi ukuze kuvinjelwe ngempumelelo ukuvuza kwamanzi futhi kuphathwe imifantu.
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1.2 Ukwelashwa kwemifantu emhubheni wokukhipha amanzi ezikhukhuleni weSiteshi sikagesi iShuanghekou eMfuleni iMengjiang
Zonke izingxenye ezihlungiwe zomhubhe wokukhipha amanzi ezikhukhuleni zeSiteshi sikagesi iLuding zenziwe ngokhonkolo we-HFC40, futhi iningi lemifantu ebangelwe ukwakhiwa kwedamu lesiteshi sikagesi isakazeke lapha. Ngokwezibalo, imifantu igxile kakhulu engxenyeni engu-0+180~0+600 yedamu. Indawo eyinhloko yemifantu udonga oluseceleni olunebanga elingu-1~7m ukusuka epuletini elingezansi, futhi ububanzi obuningi bungu-0.1 mm, ikakhulukazi endaweni ngayinye yokugcina impahla. Ingxenye ephakathi yokusatshalaliswa yiyona eningi kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, i-engeli yokuvela kwemifantu kanye ne-engeli evundlile ihlala inkulu noma ilingana no-45., ukuma kwayo kuyaqhekeka futhi akujwayelekile, kanti imifantu eveza ukuvuza kwamanzi ivame ukuba nenani elincane lokuvuza kwamanzi, kuyilapho imifantu eminingi ibonakala imanzi kuphela ebusweni obuhlangene futhi ama-watermark avela ebusweni bekhonkolo, kodwa kunezimpawu ezimbalwa kakhulu zokuvuza kwamanzi ezisobala. Azikho izimpawu zamanzi amancane agelezayo. Ngokubheka isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwemifantu, kwaziwa ukuthi imifantu izovela lapho ifomu isuswa emahoreni angama-24 ngemva kokuthululwa kukakhonkolo esigabeni sokuqala, bese le mifantu izofika kancane kancane esikhathini esiphezulu cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngemva kokususwa kwefomu. Ngeke iyeke ukukhula kancane kuze kube yizinsuku ezi-15-20 ngemva kokudilizwa.

2. Ukwelashwa kanye nokuvimbela ngempumelelo imifantu yekhonkrithi emihubheni yokukhipha izikhukhula yeziteshi zikagesi zamanzi
2.1 Indlela yokuhlanganisa amakhemikhali yomhubhe womzila wokuchitheka kweSiteshi sikagesi iShuanghekou
2.1.1 Isingeniso, izici kanye nokucushwa kwezinto
Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekufakweni kwamakhemikhali yi-PCI-CW high permeability modified epoxy resin. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zinamandla aphezulu okuhlanganisa, futhi zingalapheka ekushiseni kwegumbi, ngokuncipha okuncane ngemva kokulungiswa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, zinezici zamandla aphezulu okusebenza kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuzinzile, ngakho-ke zinemiphumela emihle yokumisa amanzi kanye nokuvimba ukuvuza. Lolu hlobo lwezinto eziqinisayo ze-grouting lusetshenziswa kabanzi ekulungisweni nasekuqiniseni amaphrojekthi okulondolozwa kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezisetshenziswayo nazo zinezinzuzo zenqubo elula, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kokuvikela imvelo, kanye nokungabi nokungcola kwemvelo.
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2.1.2 Izinyathelo zokwakha
Okokuqala, bheka imithungo kanye nemigodi yokubhoboza. Hlanza imifantu etholakala endaweni yokuchitheka ngamanzi anomfutho ophezulu bese ubuyisela emuva ubuso besisekelo sikakhonkolo, bese uhlola imbangela yokuqhekeka kanye nendlela yokuqhekeka. Bese usebenzisa indlela yokuhlanganisa imbobo enomngxuma kanye nembobo ethambekele ukuze ubhoboze. Ngemva kokubhoboza imbobo ethambekele, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umoya ocindezelekile kanye nesibhamu samanzi esinomfutho ophezulu ukuhlola imbobo kanye nokuqhekeka, bese uqedela ukuqoqwa kwedatha yobukhulu bokuqhekeka.
Okwesibili, imigodi yendwangu, imigodi yokuvala kanye nemithungo yokuvala. Nalapha futhi, sebenzisa umoya ocindezela kakhulu ukususa imbobo yokuvala ezoba yakhiwe, bese ususa indle ebekwe phansi komsele kanye nodonga lomgodi, bese ufaka i-grouting hole blocker bese uyimaka emgodini wepayipi. Ukuhlonza imigodi yokuvala kanye nemigodi yokuvula umoya. Ngemva kokuba imigodi yokuvala ihlelwe, sebenzisa i-PSI-130 quick plugging agent ukuvala imigodi, bese usebenzisa i-epoxy cement ukuqinisa ukuvalwa kwemigodi. Ngemva kokuvala imbobo, kuyadingeka ukuhlikihla umsele ongu-2cm ububanzi kanye no-2cm ukujula ngasendleleni yoqhekeko lwekhonkrithi. Ngemva kokuhlanza umsele ovaliwe kanye namanzi acindezelwe yi-retrograde, sebenzisa i-quick plugging ukuvala umsele.
Futhi, ngemva kokuhlola umoya wombhobho ogqitshwe phansi, qala umsebenzi wokufaka i-grouting. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka i-grouting, imigodi eqondile enezinombolo ezingajwayelekile iqala igcwaliswe, bese inani lemigodi lihlelwa ngokuya ngobude benqubo yokwakha yangempela. Lapho ufaka i-grouting, kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokugcwele isimo sokufaka i-grouting semigodi eseduze. Uma imigodi eseduze ine-grouting, wonke amanzi asemigodini yokufaka i-grouting kudingeka akhishwe amanzi, bese exhunywa epayipini lokufaka i-grouting bese efakwa i-grouting. Ngokwendlela engenhla, imbobo ngayinye ifakwa i-grouting kusukela phezulu kuya phansi kanye phansi kuya phezulu.
Izindlela zokwelapha nokuvimbela imifantu yekhonkrithi emhubheni wokukhipha izikhukhula esiteshini sikagesi wamanzi
Okokugcina, i-grout iphetha ngendlela ejwayelekile. Indinganiso yokucindezela yokuhlanganisa amakhemikhali emifantwini yekhonkrithi endaweni echithekayo yinani elijwayelekile elinikezwa umklamo. Ngokuvamile, ingcindezi ephezulu yokuhlanganisa kufanele ibe ngaphansi noma ilingane ne-1.5 MPa. Ukunqunywa kokuphela kokuhlanganisa kusekelwe enanini lomjovo kanye nosayizi wokucindezela kokuhlanganisa. Imfuneko eyisisekelo ukuthi ngemva kokuba ingcindezi yokuhlanganisa ifinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu, ukufaka i-grout ngeke kusangena emgodini ngaphakathi kwama-30mm. Kuleli qophelo, umsebenzi wokubopha amapayipi kanye nokuvala i-slurry ungenziwa.
Izimbangela kanye nezindlela zokwelapha imifantu emhubheni wokukhipha amanzi ezikhukhuleni weSiteshi sikagesi iLuding
2.2.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezimbangela zomhubhe wokukhipha amanzi ezikhukhuleni zeSiteshi sikagesi iLuding
Okokuqala, izinto zokusetshenziswa azihambisani kahle futhi azizinzi. Okwesibili, inani lesimende esilinganisweni sokuxuba likhulu, okubangela ukuthi ukhonkolo ukhiqize ukushisa okuningi kakhulu komswakama. Okwesibili, ngenxa yokwanda okukhulu kokushisa kwama-rock aggregates emifuleni, lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha, ama-aggregates kanye nezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-coagulating materials zizohlukana. Okwesithathu, ukhonkolo we-HF unezidingo zobuchwepheshe bokwakha eziphakeme, kunzima ukukwazi kahle inqubo yokwakha, futhi ukulawula isikhathi nendlela yokudlidliza akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi umhubhe wokukhipha izikhukhula we-Luding Hydropower Station ungena, kwenzeka ukugeleza komoya okunamandla, okuholela ekushiseni okuphansi ngaphakathi komhubhe, okuholela ekuhlukeni okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kokhonkolo nendawo yangaphandle.
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2.2.2 Izindlela zokwelapha nokuvimbela imifantu emhubheni wokukhipha amanzi ezikhukhuleni
(1) Ukuze kuncishiswe umoya ophumayo emhubheni futhi kuvikelwe izinga lokushisa lekhonkrithi, ukuze kuncishiswe umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwekhonkrithi nendawo engaphandle, uhlaka olugobile lungamiswa lapho kuphuma khona umhubhe ochithekayo, futhi kungalengiswa ikhethini lekhanvasi.
(2) Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla, isilinganiso sekhonkrithi kufanele silungiswe, inani lesimende kufanele lincishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka, kanye nenani lomlotha wezimpukane kufanele landiswe ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze ukushisa kwekhonkrithi kuncishiswe, ukuze kuncishiswe ukushisa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwekhonkrithi.
(3) Sebenzisa ikhompyutha ukulawula inani lamanzi angeziwe, ukuze isilinganiso samanzi nosimende silawulwe ngokuqinile enkambisweni yokuxuba ukhonkolo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuxuba, ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokushisa lendawo yokukhipha izinto zokusetshenziswa, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu. Lapho kuthuthwa ukhonkolo ehlobo, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokushisa ezihambisanayo kanye nokupholisa ukuze kuncishiswe ngempumelelo ukushisa ukhonkolo ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
(4) Inqubo yokudlidliza idinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile enkambisweni yokwakha, futhi ukusebenza kokudlidliza kuqiniswa ngokusebenzisa izinduku zokudlidliza zomshafu eziguquguqukayo ezinobubanzi obungu-100 mm no-70 mm.
(5) Lawula ngokuqinile isivinini sikakhonkolo ongena endlini yokugcina impahla, ukuze isivinini sawo sokukhuphuka sibe ngaphansi noma silingane no-0.8 m/h.
(6) Nweba isikhathi sokususa ama-formwork ekhonkrithi sibe yi-1 isikhathi sokuqala, okungukuthi, kusukela emahoreni angama-24 kuya kumahora angama-48.
(7) Ngemva kokudiliza ifomu, thumela abasebenzi abakhethekile ukuthi benze umsebenzi wokulungisa iphrojekthi yekhonkrithi ngesikhathi. Amanzi okulungisa kufanele agcinwe ku-20℃ noma ngaphezulu kwamanzi afudumele, futhi ubuso bekhonkrithi kufanele bugcinwe bumanzi.
(8) I-thermometer igqitshwe endlini yokugcina izinto zekhonkrithi, izinga lokushisa elingaphakathi kwekhonkrithi liyaqashwa, futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa lekhonkrithi kanye nokuqhekeka kuhlaziywa ngempumelelo.
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Ngokuhlaziya izimbangela kanye nezindlela zokwelapha zomhubhe wokukhipha amanzi ezikhukhuleni weSiteshi sikagesi iShuanghekou kanye nomhubhe wokukhipha amanzi ezikhukhuleni weSiteshi sikagesi iLuding, kwaziwa ukuthi owokuqala ubangelwa izimo ezimbi zejiyoloji, ukuphathwa okungagculisi kwamalunga okwakha, amalunga abandayo kanye nemihume ye-duxun ngesikhathi sokuthululwa kokhonkolo. Imifantu emhubheni wokukhipha amanzi ezikhukhuleni ebangelwa ukuhlanganiswa okungekuhle kwamapulaki kanye ne-grouting ingacindezelwa ngempumelelo ngokugaya amakhemikhali ngezinto zokwakha ze-epoxy resin eziguquliwe ezivumela ukugeleza kwamanzi okuphezulu; imifantu yokugcina ebangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile kokumanziswa kokhonkolo, Imifantu ingaphathwa futhi ivinjelwe ngempumelelo ngokunciphisa inani lesimende nokusebenzisa izinto zekhonkolo ze-polycarboxylate superplasticizer kanye ne-C9035.