Matakan magani da rigakafi na fasa siminti a cikin ramin fitar da ambaliyar ruwa na tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa
1.1 Bayani kan aikin ramin fitar da ambaliyar ruwa na Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Shuanghekou a yankin Kogin Mengjiang
Ramin fitar da ambaliyar ruwa na Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Shuanghekou da ke Kogin Mengjiang a lardin Guizhou ya ɗauki siffar ƙofar birni. Duk ramin yana da tsawon mita 528, kuma tsayin ƙofar shiga da bene na fita sune mita 536.65 da 494.2 bi da bi. Daga cikinsu, bayan ajiyar ruwa na farko na Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Shuanghekou, Bayan duba wurin, an gano cewa lokacin da matakin ruwa a yankin magudanar ruwa ya fi tsayin saman bututun toshe na ramin ambaliyar ruwa, haɗin ginin da haɗin siminti na siminti na farantin ƙasa na dogon ramin karkata mai tsayi ya haifar da tsewar ruwa, kuma yawan tsewar ruwa yana tare da matakin ruwa a yankin magudanar ruwa, yana ƙaruwa kuma yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa. A lokaci guda, tsewar ruwa kuma yana faruwa a cikin haɗin siminti na gefe da haɗin ginin a ɓangaren shaft mai karkata na Longzhuang. Bayan bincike da bincike daga ma'aikatan da abin ya shafa, an gano cewa manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da zubewar ruwa a waɗannan sassan sun faru ne saboda mummunan yanayin ƙasa na sassan duwatsu a cikin waɗannan ramukan, rashin gamsuwa da kula da haɗin ginin, samar da gidajen sanyi yayin aikin zubar da siminti, da kuma rashin haɗakarwa da kuma toshe bututun duxun. Jia et al. Don haka, ma'aikatan da abin ya shafa sun gabatar da hanyar yin grouting na sinadarai a yankin zubewa don hana zubewa yadda ya kamata da kuma magance tsagewar.
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1.2 Magance tsagewar da ke cikin ramin fitar da ambaliyar ruwa na Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Shuanghekou a yankin Kogin Mengjiang
Duk sassan da aka goge na ramin fitar da ambaliyar ruwa na Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Luding an yi su ne da simintin HFC40, kuma yawancin tsage-tsagen da ginin madatsar ruwa na tashar wutar lantarki ta samar an rarraba su a nan. A cewar kididdiga, tsage-tsagen sun fi yawa a sashin 0+180~0+600 na madatsar. Babban wurin tsage-tsagen shine bangon gefe tare da nisan mita 1~7 daga farantin ƙasa, kuma yawancin faɗin kusan 0.1 mm ne, musamman ga kowane ma'ajiyar kaya. Tsakiyar ɓangaren rarrabawa shine mafi yawa. Daga cikinsu, kusurwar fashewar da kusurwar kwance sun fi girma ko daidai da 45, siffar ta fashe kuma ba ta daidaita ba, kuma tsage-tsagen da ke haifar da tsagewar ruwa yawanci suna da ƙaramin adadin tsagewar ruwa, yayin da yawancin tsage-tsagen suna bayyana ne kawai a saman haɗin gwiwa kuma alamun ruwa suna bayyana akan saman siminti, amma akwai ƙarancin alamun tsagewar ruwa a bayyane. Ba a sami alamun ƙaramin ruwa mai gudana ba. Ta hanyar lura da lokacin da tsagewar ta fara girma, an san cewa tsagewar za ta bayyana lokacin da aka cire tsagewar bayan sa'o'i 24 bayan zubar da siminti a matakin farko, sannan waɗannan tsagewar za su kai ga lokacin kololuwa a hankali kimanin kwanaki 7 bayan cire tsagewar. Ba zai daina girma a hankali ba har sai bayan kwana 5-20 bayan rushewar.
2. Magani da kuma hana fasa siminti a cikin ramukan fitar da ambaliyar ruwa na tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa.
2.1 Hanyar haɗa sinadarai don ramin magudanar ruwa na Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Shuanghekou
2.1.1 Gabatarwa, halaye da kuma tsarin kayan aiki
Kayan sinadarin slurry shine resin epoxy mai ƙarfi wanda aka gyara shi da PCI-CW. Kayan yana da ƙarfin haɗin kai mai yawa, kuma ana iya warkewa a zafin ɗaki, tare da ƙarancin raguwa bayan an gama, kuma a lokaci guda, yana da halaye na ƙarfin injiniya mai ƙarfi da juriyar zafi mai ɗorewa, don haka yana da tasirin dakatar da ruwa da kuma dakatar da zubewa. Ana amfani da irin wannan kayan ƙarfafa grouting sosai wajen gyara da ƙarfafa ayyukan kiyaye ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, kayan kuma yana da fa'idodin tsari mai sauƙi, kyakkyawan aikin kare muhalli, da rashin gurɓata muhalli.
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2.1.2 Matakan gini
Da farko, nemi wuraren haƙa rami da ramukan haƙa rami. Tsaftace tsagewar da aka samu a cikin hanyar zubewa da ruwa mai ƙarfi sannan a juya saman simintin, sannan a duba musabbabin tsagewar da kuma alkiblar tsagewar. Kuma a ɗauki hanyar haɗa ramin tsagewa da ramin da aka karkata don haƙa ramin. Bayan kammala haƙa ramin da aka karkata, ya zama dole a yi amfani da iska mai ƙarfi da bindiga mai ƙarfi don duba ramin da tsagewar, da kuma kammala tattara bayanai na girman tsagewar.
Abu na biyu, ramukan zane, ramukan rufewa da kuma dinkin rufewa. A sake amfani da iska mai ƙarfi don share ramin da za a gina, sannan a cire laka da aka ajiye a ƙasan ramin da kuma bangon ramin, sannan a sanya abin toshe ramin grouting sannan a yi masa alama a ramin bututu. Gano ramukan grout da na iska. Bayan an shirya ramukan grouting, yi amfani da wakilin PSI-130 mai sauri don rufe ramukan, sannan a yi amfani da simintin epoxy don ƙara ƙarfafa rufe ramukan. Bayan rufe buɗewar, ya zama dole a sassaka rami mai faɗin cm 2 da zurfin cm 2 tare da alkiblar fashewar siminti. Bayan tsaftace ramin da aka sassaka da kuma ruwan matsin lamba na baya, yi amfani da sauri don rufe ramin.
Kuma, bayan duba iskar bututun da aka binne, fara aikin grouting. A lokacin aikin grouting, ana fara cike ramukan da ba su da lambobi iri ɗaya, kuma ana shirya adadin ramukan bisa ga tsawon aikin ginin. Lokacin grouting, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da yanayin grouting na ramukan da ke maƙwabtaka da juna. Da zarar ramukan da ke maƙwabtaka sun sami grouting, duk ruwan da ke cikin ramukan grouting yana buƙatar a zubar da shi, sannan a haɗa shi da bututun grouting da grouting. Bisa ga hanyar da ke sama, ana grouting kowane rami daga sama zuwa ƙasa da ƙasa zuwa sama.
Matakan magani da rigakafi na fasa siminti a cikin ramin fitar da ambaliyar ruwa na tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa
A ƙarshe, ma'aunin ƙarewar grout. Ma'aunin matsin lamba don grouting sinadarai na fasa siminti a cikin hanyar zubewa shine ƙimar da aka tsara. Gabaɗaya, matsakaicin matsin lamba ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da ko daidai yake da 1.5 MPa. Tabbatar da ƙarshen grouting ya dogara ne akan adadin allurar da girman matsin lamba na grouting. Babban buƙatu shine bayan matsin lamba na grouting ya kai matsakaicin, grouting ba zai sake shiga ramin cikin 30mm ba. A wannan lokacin, ana iya yin aikin ɗaure bututu da rufe slurry.
Dalilai da matakan magance tsagewar da ke cikin ramin fitar da ambaliyar ruwa na tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Luding Hydropower
2.2.1 Binciken musabbabin ambaliyar ruwa a Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Luding
Na farko, kayan da aka yi amfani da su ba su da daidaito da kwanciyar hankali. Na biyu, adadin siminti a cikin rabon gaurayawan yana da girma, wanda ke sa simintin ya samar da zafi mai yawa na ruwa. Na biyu, saboda babban ƙarfin faɗaɗa zafi na tarin duwatsu a cikin kwaruruka, lokacin da zafin jiki ya canza, tarin da abin da ake kira kayan haɗin gwiwa za su wargaje. Na uku, simintin HF yana da manyan buƙatun fasahar gini, yana da wuya a ƙware a cikin tsarin gini, kuma sarrafa lokacin girgiza da hanya ba zai iya cika buƙatun yau da kullun ba. Bugu da ƙari, saboda ramin fitar da ambaliyar ruwa na Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Luding ya shiga, iska mai ƙarfi tana kwarara, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin zafin jiki a cikin ramin, wanda ke haifar da babban bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin siminti da muhallin waje.
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2.2.2 Matakan magani da rigakafin tsagewar da ke cikin ramin fitar da ambaliyar ruwa
(1) Domin rage iska a cikin ramin da kuma kare zafin simintin, don rage bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin simintin da muhallin waje, ana iya sanya firam ɗin da aka lanƙwasa a ƙofar hanyar zubar da ruwa, kuma ana iya rataye labulen zane.
(2) A ƙarƙashin manufar biyan buƙatun ƙarfi, ya kamata a daidaita rabon siminti, a rage adadin siminti gwargwadon iko, kuma ya kamata a ƙara yawan tokar ƙura a lokaci guda, don a iya rage zafin danshi na siminti, don rage bambancin zafin ciki da waje na siminti.
(3) Yi amfani da kwamfuta don sarrafa adadin ruwan da aka ƙara, don haka rabon ruwa da siminti ya kasance mai matuƙar iko yayin haɗa siminti. Ya kamata a lura cewa yayin haɗawa, domin rage zafin wurin fitar da kayan, ya zama dole a ɗauki ƙaramin zafin jiki. Lokacin jigilar siminti a lokacin rani, ya kamata a ɗauki matakan kariya da sanyaya masu dacewa don rage dumama siminti yadda ya kamata yayin jigilar su.
(4) Tsarin girgiza yana buƙatar a sarrafa shi sosai a tsarin gini, kuma ana ƙarfafa aikin girgiza ta hanyar amfani da sandunan girgiza mai sassauƙa masu diamita na 100 mm da 70 mm.
(5) A tabbatar da saurin simintin da ke shiga cikin rumbun ajiya, ta yadda saurinsa zai yi ƙasa da ko kuma daidai yake da 0.8 m/h.
(6) A tsawaita lokacin cire siminti sau 1 a lokacin asali, wato daga awanni 24 zuwa awanni 48.
(7) Bayan an wargaza aikin, a aika da ma'aikata na musamman don yin aikin feshi a kan aikin simintin akan lokaci. Ya kamata a ajiye ruwan gyara a zafin 20℃ ko sama da ruwan dumi, kuma a bar saman simintin ya kasance mai danshi.
(8) Ana binne ma'aunin zafi a cikin ma'ajiyar siminti, ana sa ido kan zafin da ke cikin simintin, kuma ana yin nazari sosai kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin canjin zafin simintin da kuma samar da tsagewa.
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Ta hanyar nazarin musabbabin da hanyoyin magance matsalar ambaliyar ruwa ta Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Shuanghekou da kuma matsalar ambaliyar ruwa ta Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Luding, an san cewa matsalar ta samo asali ne daga mummunan yanayin ƙasa, rashin gamsuwa da hanyoyin gini, gidajen sanyi da kogo na duxun yayin zubar da siminti. Ana iya danne tsagewar da ke cikin ramin fitar da ambaliyar ruwa ta hanyar rashin haɗakar toshe da grouting ta hanyar amfani da sinadarai masu ƙarfi waɗanda aka gyara da kayan resin epoxy; tsagewar da ke faruwa sakamakon yawan zafin siminti, ana iya magance tsagewar da kuma hana ta yadda ya kamata ta hanyar rage yawan siminti da kuma amfani da kayan polycarboxylate superplasticizer da kayan siminti na C9035.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-17-2022
