Amanyathelo onyango kunye nothintelo lweentanda zekhonkrithi kwitonela yokukhupha isikhukula kwisikhululo sombane wamanzi
1.1 Isishwankathelo seprojekthi yokukhupha i-tunnel ye-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station kwi-Mengjiang River Basin
Umkhukula wokukhupha i-tunnel ye-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station kwi-Mengjiang River Basin yePhondo laseGuizhou ithatha ukuma kwesango lesixeko. Itonela yonke i-528 m ubude, kunye nokungena kunye nokuphuma komgangatho ophakamileyo yi-536.65 kunye ne-494.2 m ngokulandelanayo. Phakathi kwabo, emva kokugcinwa kwamanzi okuqala kweShuanghekou Hydropower Station , Emva kokuhlolwa kwendawo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba xa inqanaba lamanzi kwindawo yokugcina amanzi liphezulu kunokuphakama kweplagi yeplagi ye-tunnel yezikhukhula, ukudibanisa ukwakhiwa kunye neengqungquthela ezibandayo zekhonkrithi yeplate ephantsi ye-de-headed inclined shaft eveliswa yi-water seepage ye-reserve i-reserve i-water seepage, kunye ne-reserve i-water seepage. ukunyuka nokuqhubeka nokukhula. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuntywila kwamanzi kuyenzeka kwakhona eludongeni olusecaleni lwekhonkrithi amalungu abandayo kunye namalungu okwakha kwicandelo elithambekileyo le-shaft yaseLongzhuang. Emva kophando kunye nophando ngabasebenzi abafanelekileyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba oyena nobangela wokutshona kwamanzi kula malungu kwakungenxa yeemeko ezimbi zejoloji yokwakheka kwamatye kula matonela, unyango olungonelisiyo lwamalungu okwakha, ukuveliswa kwamalungu abandayo ngexesha lokugalelwa kwekhonkrithi, kunye nokungaqini kakuhle kunye nokugrunjwa kweeplagi zetonela ye-duxun. Jia et al. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abasebenzi abachaphazelekayo bacebise indlela yokuxutywa kweekhemikhali kwindawo ye-seepage ukuze kuthintelwe ngokufanelekileyo ukubola kunye nokunyanga iintanda.
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1.2 Ukunyangwa kweentanda kwi-tunnel yokukhupha i-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station kwi-Mengjiang River Basin
Zonke iindawo ezigutyungelweyo zetonela yokukhupha iSikhululo soMbane waManzi eLuding zenziwe ngekhonkrithi ye-HFC40, kwaye uninzi lweentanda ezibangelwe kukwakhiwa kwedama lesikhululo sombane wamanzi zisasazwa apha. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, iintanda zigxile kakhulu kwicandelo le-0+180~0+600 ledama. Indawo ephambili yokuqhekeka ludonga olusecaleni kunye nomgama we-1 ~ 7m ukusuka kwiplate ephantsi, kwaye ubuninzi bobubanzi bu malunga ne-0.1 mm, ngokukodwa kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Inxalenye ephakathi yokuhanjiswa yeyona nto ininzi. Phakathi kwazo, i-angle yokwenzeka kweentanda kunye ne-angle ethe tyaba ihlala ingaphezulu okanye ilingana ne-45. , imilo iqhekeziwe kwaye ayiqhelekanga, kwaye iintanda ezivelisa amanzi ahlambulukileyo zihlala zinenani elincinci lokuphuma kwamanzi, ngelixa uninzi lweentanda lubonakala lumanzi kuphela kumphezulu odibeneyo kunye nee-watermark zibonakala kumgangatho wekhonkrithi, kodwa kukho iimpawu ezimbalwa ezicacileyo zamanzi. Akukho nanye imikhondo yamanzi abalekayo amancinci. Ngokuqwalasela ixesha lophuhliso iintanda, kuyaziwa ukuba iintanda ziya kubonakala xa formwork isuswe iiyure ezingama-24 emva kokugalela ikhonkrithi kwinqanaba lokuqala, kwaye ke ezi iintanda ngokuthe ngcembe ziya kufikelela kwixesha lencopho malunga neentsuku ezi-7 emva kokususwa kwe-formwork. Ayiyi kuyeka ukukhula kancinci kude kube yi-l5-20 d emva kokudiliza.
2. Unyango kunye nothintelo olusebenzayo lweentanda zekhonkrithi kwiitonela zokukhukula kwizikhululo zombane wamanzi
2.1 Indlela ye-Chemical grouting ye-tunnel ye-spillway ye-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station
2.1.1 Intshayelelo, iimpawu kunye nokwakheka kwezinto
Izinto eziludaka lwekhemikhali yi-PCI-CW ephezulu yokungena emodified epoxy resin. Izinto eziphathekayo zinamandla amakhulu okubambisana, kwaye ziyakwazi ukunyangwa kwiqondo lokushisa, kunye nokunciphisa okuncinci emva kokunyanga, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, zineempawu zamandla aphezulu omatshini kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuzinzileyo, ngoko ke kunemiphumo emihle yokuyeka kwamanzi kunye nokuyeka ukuvuza. Olu hlobo lwezinto zokuqinisa i-grouting zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekulungiseni nasekuqiniseni iiprojekthi zokulondoloza amanzi. Ukongeza, izinto eziphathekayo nazo zinezibonelelo zenkqubo elula, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusingqongileyo, kwaye akukho ngcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.
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2.1.2 Amanyathelo okwakha
Okokuqala, khangela i-seams kunye nemingxuma yokubhoboza. Coca iintanda ezifunyenwe kwi-spillway ngamanzi aphakamileyo kunye nokuguqula indawo yesiseko sekhonkrithi, kwaye uhlolisise imbangela yokuqhekeka kunye nolwalathiso lweengqungquthela. Kwaye wamkele indlela yokudibanisa umngxuma oqhekezayo kunye nomngxuma othambekele ekubhobhozeni. Emva kokugqiba ukugaya umngxuma othambekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa umoya ophezulu kunye nompu wamanzi oxinzelelo oluphezulu ukujonga umngxuma kunye nokuqhekeka, kwaye ugqibezele ukuqokelelwa kwedatha yobukhulu bokuqhekeka.
Okwesibini, imingxuma yelaphu, imingxuma yokutywina kunye nokutywinwa kwemithungo. Kwakhona, sebenzisa umoya woxinzelelo oluphezulu ukucima umngxuma wokugaya oza kwakhiwa, kwaye ususe intlenga efakwe phantsi komsele kunye nodonga lomngxuma, uze ufake i-blocker ye-grouting hole kwaye uyiphawule kumngxuma wombhobho. Ukuchongwa kwegrout kunye nemingxuma yokuphuma. Emva kokuba imingxunya ye-grouting ilungiselelwe, sebenzisa i-agent ye-PSI-130 yokuxhuma ngokukhawuleza ukutywina imingxuma, kwaye usebenzise i-epoxy cement ukuqinisa ngakumbi ukutywinwa kwemigodi. Emva kokuvala ukuvulwa, kuyimfuneko ukutshiza i-groove ye-2cm ububanzi kunye ne-2cm ubunzulu ecaleni kwendlela yokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi. Emva kokucoca i-groove e-chiseled kunye noxinzelelo lwamanzi okubuyisela emva, sebenzisa iplagi ekhawulezayo ukutywina i-groove.
Kwakhona, emva kokujonga ukungena komoya kumbhobho ongcwatywe, qalisa umsebenzi wokugaya. Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-grouting, imingxuma ye-oblique engabonakaliyo iqala ukuzaliswa, kwaye inani lemingxuma lihlelwe ngokuhambelana nobude beyona nkqubo yokwakha. Xa i-grouting, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo imeko ye-grouting yemingxuma ekufutshane. Emva kokuba imingxuma ekufutshane ibe ne-grouting, onke amanzi kwimingxuma ye-grouting kufuneka ikhutshwe, kwaye idibanise nombhobho we-grouting kunye ne-grouted. Ngokwale ndlela ingentla, umngxuma ngamnye ukhutshiwe ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi nasezantsi ukuya phezulu.
Amanyathelo onyango kunye nothintelo lweentanda zekhonkrithi kwitonela yokukhupha isikhukula kwisikhululo sombane wamanzi
Ekugqibeleni, i-grout igqiba umgangatho. Umgangatho woxinzelelo lwekhemikhali yegrouting yeentanda zekhonkrithi kwi-spillway lixabiso eliqhelekileyo elibonelelwa luyilo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-grouting kufuneka lube ngaphantsi okanye lulingane ne-1.5 MPa. Ukuzimisela kokuphela kwe-grouting kusekelwe kwisixa sokujova kunye nobukhulu boxinzelelo lwe-grouting. Imfuneko esisiseko kukuba emva kokuba uxinzelelo lwe-grouting lufikelele kumlinganiselo ophezulu, i-grouting ayisayi kungena emngxunyeni ngaphakathi kwe-30mm. Ngeli xesha, ukubopha umbhobho kunye nokusebenza kokuvala i-slurry kunokwenziwa.
Izizathu kunye nemilinganiselo yonyango yokuqhekeka kwitonela yokukhupha i-Luding Hydropower Station
2.2.1 Uhlalutyo lwezizathu zetonela yokukhupha isikhukula kwiSikhululo soMbane waManzi iLuding
Okokuqala, izinto eziluhlaza azihambelani kakuhle kunye nokuzinza. Okwesibini, ubungakanani besamente kwi-mix ratio bukhulu, okubangela ukuba ikhonkrithi ivelise ubushushu obuninzi be-hydration. Okwesibini, ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal coefficient ye-rock aggregates kwimifula yemilambo, xa ubushushu buguquka, i-aggregates kunye nezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-coagulating materials ziya kuhlukana. Okwesithathu, ikhonkrithi ye-HF ineemfuno eziphezulu zeteknoloji yokwakha, kunzima ukuyiqonda kakuhle inkqubo yokwakha, kwaye ulawulo lwexesha lokungcangcazela kunye nendlela alukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziqhelekileyo. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokuba i-tunnel yokukhupha isikhukula seSikhululo se-Luding Hydropower singena, ukuhamba komoya okunamandla kwenzeka, okubangelwa ukushisa okuphantsi ngaphakathi kwetonela, okukhokelela kumlinganiselo omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kwekhonkrithi kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle.
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2.2.2 Amanyathelo onyango nothintelo lweentanda kwitonela yokukhuphela
(1) Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukungena komoya kwitonela kunye nokukhusela ubushushu bekhonkrithi, ukuze kuncitshiswe umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwekhonkrithi kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle, isakhelo esigobileyo sinokumiselwa ekuphumeni kwetonela lokuchitheka, kwaye umkhusane weseyile unokuxhonywa.
(2) Ngaphantsi kwesiseko sokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla, umlinganiselo wekhonkrithi kufuneka ulungelelaniswe, ubungakanani besamente kufuneka buncitshiswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye umyinge wothuthu lwempukane kufuneka unyuswe ngaxeshanye, ukuze ubushushu be-hydration yekhonkrithi buncitshiswe, ukuze kuncitshiswe ubushushu bangaphakathi nangaphandle bekhonkrithi. Umahluko wobushushu.
(3) Sebenzisa ikhomputha ukulawula ubungakanani bamanzi ongeziweyo, ukwenzela ukuba umlinganiselo wesamente wamanzi ulawulwe ngokungqongqo kwinkqubo yokuxuba ikhonkrithi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngexesha lokuxuba, ukuze kuncitshiswe iqondo lokushisa lokuphuma kwezinto eziluhlaza, kuyimfuneko ukwamkela ukushisa okuphantsi. Xa uthutha ikhonkrithi ehlotyeni, i-thermal insulation ehambelanayo kunye nemilinganiselo yokupholisa kufuneka ithathwe ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukufudumeza kwekhonkrithi ngexesha lokuthutha.
(4) Inkqubo yokungcangcazela kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo kwinkqubo yokwakha, kwaye umsebenzi wokungcangcazela womelezwa ngokusebenzisa iintonga eziguquguqukayo zeshaft ezingcangcazelisayo ezinobubanzi obuyi-100 mm kunye ne-70 mm.
(5) Lawula ngokungqongqo isantya sekhonkrithi engena kwindawo yokugcina impahla, ukwenzela ukuba isantya sayo sokunyuka sibe ngaphantsi okanye silingane ne-0.8 m/h.
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(7) Emva kokudiliza i-formwork, thumela abasebenzi abakhethekileyo ukuba benze umsebenzi wokulondoloza ukutshiza kwiprojekthi yekhonkrithi ngexesha. Amanzi olondolozo kufuneka agcinwe ku-20℃ okanye ngaphezulu kwamanzi ashushu, kwaye umphezulu wesamente kufuneka ugcinwe ufumile.
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Ngokuhlalutya izizathu kunye nezindlela zonyango ze-tunnel yokukhupha i-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station kunye ne-tunnel yokukhutshwa kwesikhukula se-Luding Hydropower Station, iyaziwa ukuba yangaphambili ngenxa yeemeko ezimbi ze-geological, unyango olungonelisiyo lwamalungu okwakha, amajoyina abandayo kunye nemiqolomba ye-duxun ngexesha lokuthulula ikhonkrithi. Iintanda kwitonela yokukhupha isikhukula esibangelwa kukudityaniswa kweplagi embi kunye ne-grouting kunokunyanzeliswa ngokufanelekileyo nge-chemical grouting kunye ne-high-permeability modified epoxy resin materials; iintanda zokugqibela ezibangelwa ubushushu obugqithisileyo be-concrete hydration, IiNgxobhozo zinokunyangwa kwaye zithintelwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umthamo wesamente kunye nokusebenzisa i-polycarboxylate superplasticizer kunye ne-C9035 izinto eziphathekayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-17-2022
