1 Nhanganyaya
Turbine gavhuna ndeimwe yeaviri makuru ekudzora midziyo yemagetsi emagetsi. Iyo haingoite basa rekumhanyisa kudzora, asi zvakare inoita akasiyana ekushanda mamiriro ekushandura uye frequency, simba, chikamu chekona uye kumwe kutonga kweiyo hydroelectric generating units uye inodzivirira vhiri remvura. Basa rejenareta seti. Magavhuna eTurbine akapfuura nematanho matatu ebudiriro: magavhuna emagetsi hydraulic, magavhuna emagetsi-hydraulic uye microcomputer dhijitari hydraulic magavhuna. Mumakore achangopfuura, vatongi vanogadziriswa vakaunzwa mumagetsi ekudzora turbine, ane simba rinopesana nekupindira uye kuvimbika kwakanyanya; nyore uye nyore hurongwa uye kushanda; modular chimiro, yakanaka kuita zvakasiyana, kuchinjika, uye kugadzirisa kuri nyore; Iine zvakanakira simba rinodzora basa uye kugona kutyaira; zvave zvichinyatsosimbiswa.
Mune bepa rino, tsvakiridzo paPLC hydraulic turbine dual adjustment system inokurudzirwa, uye iyo programmable controller inoshandiswa kuona iyo mbiri gadziriso yegidhi vane uye paddle, iyo inovandudza kurongeka kweiyo inotungamira vane uye vane kune akasiyana misoro yemvura. Kudzidzira kunoratidza kuti iyo mbiri yekudzora sisitimu inovandudza mwero wekushandiswa kwesimba remvura.
2. Turbine regulation system
2.1 Turbine regulation system
Basa rekutanga reiyo turbine yekumhanyisa control system ndere kushandura kuvhurwa kweanotungamira vanes yeturbine nenzira kwayo kuburikidza negavhuna kana mutoro wesimba remagetsi uchichinja uye kumhanya kwekutenderera kwechikamu kunotsauka, kuitira kuti kutenderera kwekutenderera kweturbine kuchengetwe mukati meiyo yakatarwa, kuitira kuti jenareta unit ishande. Simba rekubuda uye frequency zvinosangana nemushandisi zvinodiwa. Iwo ekutanga mabasa e turbine regulation anogona kukamurwa kuita kukurumidza kudzora, inoshanda simba regulation uye nhanho yemvura.
2.2 Nheyo yekudzora turbine
A hydro-generator unit unit inoumbwa nekubatanidza hydro-turbine uye jenareta. Chikamu chinotenderera cheiyo hydro-jenareta seti muviri wakaomarara unotenderera uchitenderedza axis yakagadziriswa, uye equation yayo inogona kutsanangurwa neinotevera equation:
Muchidimbu
——Nguva ye inertia yechikamu chinotenderera cheyuniti (Kg m2)
——Kutenderedza angular velocity (rad/s)
-- Turbine torque (N / m), kusanganisira jenareta mechanical uye magetsi kurasikirwa.
-- Jenereta rekudzivirira torque, iyo inoreva kuita torque yejenereta stator pane rotor, kutungamira kwayo kunopesana neinotenderera nzira, uye inomiririra simba rinoshanda rejenareta, kureva, saizi yemutoro.
Kana mutoro uchinge wachinja, kuvhurwa kweguidhi vane inoramba isina kuchinjika, uye iyo unit yekumhanyisa inogona kuramba yakagadzikana pane imwe kukosha. Nekuti kumhanya kuchatsauka kubva pachiyero chakayerwa, hazvina kukwana kuvimba nekuzvienzanisa kwekugadzirisa kugona kuchengetedza kumhanya. Kuti uchengetedze kumhanya kweiyo unit pane yekutanga yakayerwa kukosha mushure mekuchinja kwemutoro, inogona kuoneka kubva Mufananidzo 1 kuti zvakakosha kushandura gwara vane kuvhura zvinoenderana. Kana mutoro ukadzikira, kana torque yekupikisa ichichinja kubva pa1 kusvika ku2, kuvhurwa kwegwara rinenge richideredzwa kusvika 1, uye kumhanya kweiyo unit kuchachengetwa. Nokudaro, nekuchinja kwemutoro, kuvhurwa kwemvura inotungamira nzira inoshandurwa zvakafanana, kuitira kuti kukurumidza kweiyo hydro-generator unit inochengetedzwa pamutengo wakatarwa, kana kuchinja maererano nemutemo wakatemerwa. Iyi nzira ndiyo yekumhanyisa kugadzirisa kweiyo hydro-generator unit. , kana turbine regulation.
3. PLC hydraulic turbine dual adjustment system
Iyo turbine gavhuna ndeye kudzora kuvhurwa kwemvura inotungamira vanes kuti igadzirise kuyerera ichipinda mumhanyi weturbine, nekudaro ichichinja inoshanduka torque yeturbine uye kutonga kuwanda kweiyo turbine unit. Nekudaro, panguva yekushanda kweaxial-flow rotary paddle turbine, gavhuna haafanire kungogadzirisa kuvhurwa kweanotungamira vanes, asi zvakare kugadzirisa kona yeanomhanya blades zvinoenderana nekurohwa uye kukosha kwemusoro wemvura yemutungamiri vane muteveri, kuitira kuti gwara rinenge uye vane vane vabatane. Chengetedza hukama hwekubatana pakati pavo, kureva, hukama hwekubatana, hunogona kuvandudza kushanda kweturbine, kuderedza blade cavitation uye vibration yeyuniti, uye kuwedzera kugadzikana kwekushanda kweturbine.
Iyo hardware yePLC inodzora turbine vane system inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zviviri, zvinoti PLC controller uye hydraulic servo system. Kutanga, ngatikurukurei chimiro chehardware chePLC controller.
3.1 PLC controller
PLC controller inonyanya kuumbwa yekupinda unit, PLC basic unit uye inobuda unit. Iyo yekupinza unit inoumbwa neA/D module uye yedhijitari yekupinza module, uye inobuda unit inoumbwa neD/A module uye dijitari yekupinza module. Iyo PLC controller inoshongedzerwa ne LED dhijitari inoratidzira yechokwadi-nguva yekutarisa system PID paramita, vane vateveri chinzvimbo, kutungamira vane yevateveri chinzvimbo uye kukosha kwemusoro wemvura. Iyo analog voltmeter inopihwa zvakare kuti itarise vane vane yevateveri chinzvimbo muchiitiko chekutadza kweiyo microcomputer controller.
3.2 Hydraulic yekutevera-up system
Iyo hydraulic servo system chikamu chakakosha cheiyo turbine vane control system. Iyo inobuda chiratidzo chemutongi inokwidziridzwa hydraulically kudzora kufamba kwevane vateveri, nekudaro kugadzirisa kona yeanomhanya blades. Takagamuchira kusanganiswa kweproportional valve control main pressure valve type electro-hydraulic control system uye tsika yechinyakare-hydraulic control system kuti iite parallel hydraulic control system ye electro-hydraulic proportional valve uye machine-hydraulic valve sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2. Hydraulic kutevera-up system ye turbine blades.
Hydraulic yekutevera-up system yeturbine blades
Kana iyo PLC controller, electro-hydraulic proportional valve uye chinzvimbo sensor zvese zvakajairika, iyo PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control nzira inoshandiswa kugadzirisa turbine vane system, iyo chinzvimbo chemhinduro kukosha uye kudzora kukosha kwekubuda kunofambiswa nemagetsi masaini, uye masaini anogadzirwa ne PLC controller. , kugadzirisa nekuita sarudzo, gadzirisa kuvhura kwevhavha yevhavha huru yekuparadzira vheji kuburikidza nevhavha yakaenzana kudzora nzvimbo yemuteveri wevane, uye kuchengetedza hukama hwekubatana pakati peguidhi vane, musoro wemvura uye vane. Iyo turbine vane system inodzorwa neelectro-hydraulic proportional valve ine yakakwira synergy chaiyo, yakapusa sisitimu chimiro, yakasimba kusvibiswa kwemafuta kuramba, uye iri nyore kutarisana nePLC controller kugadzira microcomputer otomatiki control system.
Nekuda kwekuchengetwa kweiyo mechanical linkage mechanism, muelectro-hydraulic proportional control mode, iyo mechanical linkage mechanism inoshandawo zvakawiriranwa kuteedzera mamiriro ekushanda kwehurongwa. Kana iyo PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control system ikatadza, switching valve ichaita nekukasira, uye mechanic linkage mechanism inogona kuteedzera mamiriro ekuita kwe electro-hydraulic proportional control system. Paunenge uchichinja, iyo system system idiki, uye vane system inogona kuchinjika zvakanaka kuenda kuThe mechanical association control mode inovimbisa zvikuru kuvimbika kwekushanda kwehurongwa.
Patakagadzira hydraulic circuit, takagadzirisa zvakare muviri wevhavha ye hydraulic control valve, chiyero chinofananidzwa chemuviri wevhavha uye sleeve yevhavha, chiyero chekubatanidza chemuviri wevhavha uye guru guru revhavha, uye mechanical Ukuru hwetambo yekubatanidza pakati pe hydraulic valve uye guru guru rekuparadzira valve rakafanana neyokutanga. Chete muviri wevhavha ye hydraulic valve inoda kutsiviwa panguva yekuiswa, uye hapana zvimwe zvikamu zvinoda kuchinjwa. Chimiro cheiyo yese hydraulic control system yakanyatso compact. Pahwaro hwekuchengeta zvizere mechanical synergy mechanism, electro-hydraulic proportional control mechanism inowedzerwa kuti ifambise chimiro nePLC controller kuona dhijitari synergy control uye kugadzirisa iko kurongeka kweiyo turbine vane system. ; Uye kuiswa uye kugadzirisa maitiro ehurongwa huri nyore kwazvo, iyo inopfupisa nguva yekudzika kweiyo hydraulic turbine unit, inofambisa shanduko ye hydraulic control system ye hydraulic turbine, uye ine yakanaka inoshanda kukosha. Munguva yekushanda chaiko pasaiti, sisitimu inoyerwa zvakanyanya neinjiniya uye nehunyanzvi vashandi vechiteshi chemagetsi, uye inofungidzirwa kuti inogona kufarirwa uye kuiswa muiyo hydraulic servo system yegavhuna wezviteshi zvakawanda zvehydropower.
3.3 Sisitimu software chimiro uye nzira yekushandisa
Mune iyo PLC-inodzorwa turbine vane system, iyo yedhijitari synergy nzira inoshandiswa kuona hukama hwekubatana pakati pevanotungamira vane, musoro wemvura uye vane kuvhurika. Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare mechanical synergy nzira, iyo yedhijitari synergy nzira ine zvakanakira nyore paramende kucheka, Iyo ine zvakanakira kugadzirisa zviri nyore uye kugadzirisa, uye yakanyanya kurongeka kwekubatana. Iyo software chimiro chevane control system inonyanya kuumbwa neiyo system yekugadzirisa basa chirongwa, iyo control algorithm chirongwa uye chirongwa chekuongorora. Pazasi tinokurukura nzira dzekuzadzikisa dzezvikamu zvitatu zviri pamusoro pechirongwa zvichiteerana. Chirongwa chekugadzirisa basa rinonyanya kusanganisira subroutine ye synergy, subroutine yekutanga vane, subroutine yekumisa vane uye subroutine yekuremerwa kwevane. Kana sisitimu iri kushanda, inotanga yazivisa uye kutonga mamiriro azvino ekushanda, yobva yatanga switch software, inoita inowirirana inogadzirisa basa subroutine, uye inoverengera chinzvimbo chakapihwa kukosha kwevane muteveri.
(1) Rutivi rwesonganiro
Kuburikidza nemuyedzo wemuenzaniso weiyo turbine unit, batch yemapoinzi akayerwa pane yakabatana nzvimbo inogona kuwanikwa. Iyo yechinyakare mechaniki yakabatana cam inogadzirwa zvichibva pane aya akayerwa mapoinzi, uye yedhijitari yekubatanidza nzira inoshandisawo aya akayerwa mapoinzi kudhirowa seti yemajoint curves. Kusarudza mapoinzi anozivikanwa pamubatanidzwa curve semanodhi, uye kutora nzira ye piecewise linear kududzira basa rebhinari, kukosha kwebasa rezvisiri-node pamutsetse uyu wemubatanidzwa unogona kuwanikwa.
(2) Vane kutanga-up subroutine
Chinangwa chekudzidza mutemo wekutanga-up kupfupisa nguva yekutanga-yeyuniti, kuderedza mutoro wekusimudza, uye kugadzira grid-yakabatana mamiriro ejenareta unit.
(3) Vane stop subroutine
Mitemo yekuvhara yevaneti ndeiyi inotevera: kana mutongi akagamuchira murairo wekuvhara, vheji uye mavheti ekufambisa anovharwa panguva imwe chete maererano nehukama hwekubatana kuti huve nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwechikwata: apo mutungamiri vane kuzarura kuduku kudarika kusina-mutoro kuzarura, vanes lag Kana gwara rekufambisa richivharwa zvishoma nezvishoma, hukama hwekushandira pamwe pakati pevheji nemutungamiri wevane hahuchachengetwa; apo chikwata chekumhanya chinodonha pasi pe80% yezinga rakarongwa, vane inovhurwazve kukona yekutanga Φ0, yakagadzirira kutanga kunotevera Gadzirira.
(4) Blade mutoro wekuramba subroutine
Kurambwa kwemutoro kunoreva kuti chikwata chine mutoro chinongoerekana chabviswa kubva pamagetsi emagetsi, zvichiita kuti chikwata uye mvura yekushandura hurongwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipa ekushanda, iyo yakabatana zvakananga nekuchengetedzwa kwesimba remagetsi uye chikwata. Kana mutoro uchinge wadururwa, gavhuna anofananidzwa nemudziyo wekudzivirira, izvo zvinoita kuti dhizaini yevane uye ine mavheti ivhare nekukasira kusvika iyo yeyuniti yekumhanyisa inodonha kusvika padhuze neyakayerwa kumhanya. kugadzikana. Naizvozvo, mukuremerwa chaiko, mavhaneshi anowanzo kuvhurwa kune imwe kona. Uku kuvhurwa kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekuyedza kweshedding yenzvimbo chaiyo yemagetsi. Inogona kuve nechokwadi kuti kana iyo unit iri kudurura mutoro, kwete chete kukurumidza kuwedzera kuri kudiki, asiwo iyo unit yakanyatso kugadzikana. .
4 Mhedziso
Tichifunga nezveyazvino tekinoroji chimiro chenyika yangu hydraulic turbine gavhuna indasitiri, bepa iri rinoreva ruzivo rutsva mumunda we hydraulic turbine kumhanya kudzora kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, uye rinoshandisa iyo programmable logic controller (PLC) tekinoroji kumhanyisa kutonga kweiyo hydraulic turbine jenareta seti. Iyo program controller (PLC) ndiyo musimboti weiyo axial-flow paddle-type hydraulic turbine dual-regulation system. Iko kunoshanda kwekushandisa kunoratidza kuti chirongwa chinovandudza zvakanyanya kurongeka kwekubatana pakati peguidhi vane uye vane mamiriro akasiyana emusoro wemvura, uye inovandudza chiyero chekushandiswa kwesimba remvura.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-11-2022
