Kufunika kwa hydraulic turbine model test bedi pakupanga Hydropower Technology

Benchi yoyesera ya hydraulic turbine model imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ukadaulo wa hydropower. Ndi chida chofunikira kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mayunitsi. Kupanga kwa wothamanga aliyense kuyenera kuyamba kupanga wothamanga wachitsanzo ndikuyesa chitsanzocho poyesa mamita enieni a mutu wa siteshoni ya hydropower pa high head hydraulic machine test-bed. Ngati deta yonse ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito, wothamanga akhoza kupangidwa mwalamulo. Chifukwa chake, ena opanga zida zamagetsi zamagetsi akunja amakhala ndi mabenchi angapo oyesa mutu wamadzi kuti akwaniritse zosowa zantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kampani ya neyrpic ya ku France ili ndi mabenchi asanu oyesera apamwamba kwambiri; Hitachi ndi Toshiba ali ndi ma test model asanu okhala ndi mutu wamadzi wopitilira 50m. Malinga ndi zofunikira za kupanga, bungwe lalikulu la kafukufuku wamakina amagetsi lapanga bedi lamadzi lalitali loyesa-bedi lokhala ndi ntchito zonse komanso zolondola kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kuyesa mayeso amtundu wa tubular, otaya osakanikirana, otaya axial ndi makina osinthika a hydraulic motsatana, ndipo mutu wamadzi umatha kufikira 150m. Benchi yoyesera imatha kusinthira ku mayeso achitsanzo a mayunitsi ofukula ndi opingasa. Benchi yoyesera idapangidwa ndi masiteshoni awiri a ndi B. ikamagwira ntchito, siteshoni B imayikidwa, yomwe imatha kufupikitsa kuzungulira kwa mayeso. A. B masiteshoni awiri amagawana seti imodzi yamagetsi owongolera magetsi ndi makina oyesera. Makina owongolera magetsi amatenga PROFIBUS ngati pachimake, NAIS fp10sh PLC monga woyang'anira wamkulu, ndipo IPC (kompyuta yowongolera mafakitale) imazindikira kuwongolera kwapakati. Dongosolo limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa fieldbus kuti uzindikire njira zapamwamba zowongolera digito, zomwe zimatsimikizira kudalirika, chitetezo komanso kukonza kosavuta kwadongosolo. Ndi makina oyesa makina osungira madzi omwe ali ndi digiri yapamwamba yamagetsi ku China. Kupanga kwa dongosolo lowongolera

Benchi yoyesa mutu wamadzi wapamwamba imakhala ndi ma motors awiri apompo okhala ndi mphamvu ya 550KW ndi liwiro la 250 ~ 1100r / min, zomwe zimafulumizitsa kutuluka kwa madzi mupaipi kupita kumutu wamadzi omwe amafunikira ndi wogwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga mutu wamadzi kuyenda bwino. Magawo a wothamanga amayang'aniridwa ndi dynamometer. Mphamvu yamagalimoto ya dynamometer ndi 500kW, liwiro liri pakati pa 300 ~ 2300r / min, ndipo pali dynamometer imodzi pamasiteshoni a ndi B. Mfundo ya benchi yapamwamba yamakina oyesa makina a hydraulic ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Dongosololi limafuna kuti kuwongolera kwagalimoto kumakhala kosakwana 0.000% kuposa maola a 5TBF. Pambuyo pa kafukufuku wambiri, DCS500 DC speed regulation system yopangidwa ndi * * * kampani imasankhidwa. DCS500 ikhoza kulandira malamulo olamulira m'njira ziwiri. Chimodzi ndicho kulandira ma siginecha a 4 ~ 20mA kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pa liwiro; Chachiwiri ndikuwonjezera gawo la PROFIBUS DP kuti mulandire mu digito kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zothamanga. Njira yoyamba ili ndi kuwongolera kosavuta komanso mtengo wotsika, koma idzasokonezedwa pakupatsirana kwapano ndikukhudza kulondola kowongolera; Ngakhale kuti njira yachiwiri ndi yokwera mtengo, imatha kutsimikizira kuti deta ndi yolondola komanso yolondola pamayendedwe opatsirana. Chifukwa chake, makinawa amatengera ma DCS500 anayi kuti azitha kuwongolera ma dynamometer awiri ndi ma motor pump amadzi awiri motsatana. Monga PROFIBUS DP pokwerera akapolo, zida zinayizi zimalumikizana ndi master station PLC munjira ya master-slave. PLC imayang'anira kuyambika / kuyimitsidwa kwa dynamometer ndi mota ya pampu yamadzi, imatumiza liwiro la mota kupita ku DCS500 kudzera pa PROFIBUS DP, ndikupeza gawo loyendetsa mota ndi magawo kuchokera ku DCS500.
PLC imasankha afp37911 module yopangidwa ndi NAIS Europe monga master station, yomwe imathandizira ma protocol a FMS ndi DP nthawi yomweyo. Gawoli ndi siteshoni yayikulu ya FMS, yomwe imazindikira njira yayikulu yolumikizirana ndi IPC ndi dongosolo lopezera deta; Ndiwonso DP master station, yomwe imazindikira kulumikizana kwa master-kapolo ndi DCS500.
Magawo onse a dynamometer adzasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwonetsedwa pazenera kudzera mu VXI Bus Technology (magawo ena adzasonkhanitsidwa ndi kampani ya VXI). IPC imalumikizana ndi data acquisition system kudzera mu FMS kuti amalize kulumikizana. Mapangidwe a dongosolo lonse akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2.

1.1 fieldbus PROFIBUS ndi muyezo wopangidwa ndi makampani 13 ndi mabungwe 5 ofufuza zasayansi mu polojekiti yolumikizana. Zalembedwa mu European standard en50170 ndipo ndi imodzi mwamafakitale omwe amalimbikitsidwa ku China. Zimaphatikizapo mafomu awa:
PROFIBUS FMS imathetsa ntchito zoyankhulirana pagulu la zokambirana, imapereka ntchito zambiri zoyankhulirana, ndikumaliza ntchito zoyankhulirana zozungulira komanso zosagwirizana ndi liwiro lapakatikati. Gawo la Profibus la NAIS limathandizira kulumikizana kwa 1.2mbps ndipo siligwirizana ndi njira yolumikizirana yozungulira. Itha kulumikizana ndi ma wayilesi ena akuluakulu a FMS pogwiritsa ntchito MMA  non cyclic data transmission  master connection  ndipo gawoli siligwirizana ndi FMS. Chifukwa chake, sichingagwiritse ntchito mtundu umodzi wokha wa PROFIBUS popanga chiwembu.
PROFIBUS-DP  Kulumikizana kothamanga kwambiri komanso kotchipa kumapangidwira kulumikizana pakati pa makina owongolera okha ndi zida zoyendetsedwa ndi I / O. Pakati pa NAIS ndi a, msaz  non cyclic data transmission  master-slave connection  siteshoni ya akapolo salankhulana.
PROFIBUS PA  umisiri wodzitchinjiriza wotetezedwa womwe umapangidwira mwapadera kuti uzingoyenda zokha  umazindikira njira zoyankhulirana zomwe zafotokozedwa mu iec1158-2  nthawi zomwe zimakhala ndi zofunikira zachitetezo chambiri komanso malo okwerera mabasi. Sing'anga yotumizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito munjirayi ndi yopindika ya mkuwa yotetezedwa  njira yolumikizirana ndi RS485 ndipo kuchuluka kwa kulumikizana ndi 500kbps. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale fieldbus kumapereka chitsimikizo cha chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa dongosolo.

1.2 IPC mafakitale olamulira makompyuta
Kompyuta yam'mwamba yoyang'anira mafakitale imagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta a Taiwan Advantech Industrial Control System  kuthamanga Windows NT4 0 workstation operating system  WinCC industrial configuration software ya Siemens company imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza zambiri za momwe ntchitoyi ikuyendera pawindo lalikulu, ndikuyimira bwino kayendedwe ka mapaipi ndi kutsekeka. Zambiri zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku PLC kudzera pa PROFIBUS. IPC ili ndi khadi yapaintaneti ya profiboard yopangidwa ndi kampani yaku Germany yofewa, yomwe idapangidwira PROFIBUS. Kupyolera mu pulogalamu yosinthira yoperekedwa ndi kufewetsa, maukonde amatha kumalizidwa, kulumikizana kwa maukonde Cr (chiyanjano cholumikizirana) ndi dikishonale ya chinthu OD (dikishonale yazinthu) zitha kukhazikitsidwa. WINCC imapangidwa ndi Siemens. Imangothandiza kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi S5 / S7 PLC ya kampaniyo, ndipo imatha kulumikizana ndi ma PLC ena kudzera muukadaulo wa DDE woperekedwa ndi mazenera. Kampani yofewa imapereka pulogalamu ya seva ya DDE kuti izindikire kulumikizana kwa PROFIBUS ndi WinCC.

Mtengo wa 1.3 PLC
Fp10sh ya kampani ya NAIS imasankhidwa ngati PLC.

2 ntchito zowongolera dongosolo
Kuphatikiza pa kuwongolera ma motor mpope amadzi ndi ma dynamometer awiri, makina owongolera amafunikanso kuwongolera ma valve 28 amagetsi, ma mota 4 olemetsa, ma mota 8 a pampu yamafuta, ma vacuum pump motors, ma mota 4 a pump drain mafuta ndi ma valve 2 a solenoid. Mayendedwe oyenda ndi kutuluka kwa madzi amayendetsedwa kudzera mu kusintha kwa ma valve kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zoyesa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.

2.1 mutu wokhazikika
Sinthani liwiro la mpope wamadzi: pangani kukhala okhazikika pamtengo wina, ndipo mutu wamadzi ndi wotsimikizika panthawiyi; Sinthani liwiro la dynamometer pamtengo wina, ndipo sonkhanitsani deta yoyenera pambuyo pokhazikika kwa mphindi 2 ~ 4. Pakuyezetsa, pamafunika kusunga mutu wamadzi wosasintha. Code disk imayikidwa pamoto wapampu yamadzi kuti itenge liwiro la injini, kuti DCS500 ipange chiwongolero chotseka. Liwiro la mpope wamadzi limalowetsedwa ndi kiyibodi ya IPC.

2.2 liwiro lokhazikika
Sinthani liwiro la dynamometer kuti likhale lokhazikika pamtengo wina. Panthawiyi, liwiro la dynamometer ndilokhazikika; Sinthani liwiro la mpope kuti likhale lamtengo wapatali (ie sinthani mutu), ndipo sonkhanitsani deta yoyenera pambuyo pokhazikika kwa mphindi 2 ~ 4. DCS500 imapanga chipika chotsekedwa cha liwiro la dynamometer kuti likhazikitse liwiro la dynamometer.

2.3 mayeso othawa
Sinthani liwiro la dynamometer pamtengo wina ndikusunga liwiro la dynamometer yosasinthika  sinthani liwiro la mpope wamadzi kuti mutenge torque ya dynamometer pafupi ndi ziro (pansi pa ntchitoyi, dynamometer imagwira ntchito yopanga mphamvu ndi magetsi), ndikusonkhanitsa deta yoyenera. Pakuyesa, liwiro la mota yapampopi yamadzi likufunika kuti likhalebe losasinthika ndikusinthidwa ndi DCS500.

2.4 kuwongolera koyenda
Dongosolo ili ndi akasinja awiri owongolera otaya kuti athe kuwongolera flowmeter mudongosolo. Musanasinthire, choyamba dziwani mtengo wotuluka, kenako yambani pampu yamadzi ndikusintha mosalekeza liwiro la pampu yamadzi. Panthawi imeneyi, tcherani khutu ku mtengo wothamanga. Mtengo wothamanga ukafika pamtengo wofunikira, khazikitsani pampu yamadzi pa liwiro lapano (panthawiyi, madzi amayenda mupaipi yoyeserera). Khazikitsani nthawi yosinthira ya deflector. Ntchito ikakhazikika, yatsani valavu ya solenoid, yambani nthawi, ndikusintha madzi mupaipi kupita ku tanki yowongolera nthawi yomweyo. Pamene nthawi yatha, valavu ya solenoid imachotsedwa. Panthawiyi, madziwo amasinthidwa kupita ku payipi ya calibration kachiwiri. Chepetsani liwiro la pampu yamadzi, ikhazikitseni pa liwiro linalake, ndikuwerenga zofunikira. Kenako kukhetsa madzi ndi calibrate mfundo yotsatira.

2.5 pamanja / zosintha zosasokoneza
Pofuna kuwongolera kukonza ndikuwongolera dongosolo, kiyibodi yamanja imapangidwira dongosolo. Wogwira ntchitoyo akhoza kulamulira machitidwe a valve pawokha kudzera pa kiyibodi, yomwe siimakakamizidwa ndi kutsekedwa. Dongosolo limatengera gawo la NAIS lakutali I / O, lomwe lingapangitse kiyibodi kugwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pakusintha kwamanja / kwadzidzidzi, mawonekedwe a valve amakhalabe osasinthika.
Dongosolo limatengera PLC monga wowongolera wamkulu, yemwe amathandizira dongosolo ndikuwonetsetsa kudalirika kwakukulu komanso kukonza kosavuta kwa dongosolo; PROFIBUS imazindikira kutumiza kwa data kwathunthu, imapewa kusokoneza ma elekitiroma, ndikupanga dongosolo kuti likwaniritse zofunikira pamapangidwe; Kugawana deta pakati pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kumachitika; Kusinthasintha kwa PROFIBUS kumapereka mikhalidwe yabwino pakukulitsa dongosolo. Dongosolo lopanga dongosolo lokhala ndi ma fieldbus amakampani monga pachimake pamakhala ntchito yayikulu yamafakitale.