1 Mawu Oyamba
Kazembe wa Turbine ndi chimodzi mwazinthu ziwiri zazikulu zoyendetsera magetsi amadzi. Sikuti amangogwira ntchito ya liwiro malamulo, komanso amachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana ntchito kutembenuka ndi pafupipafupi, mphamvu, mbali mbali ndi ulamuliro wa mayunitsi hydroelectric kupanga ndi kuteteza gudumu madzi. Ntchito yopanga jenereta. Olamulira a Turbine adutsa magawo atatu a chitukuko: olamulira opangira ma hydraulic, olamulira ma electro-hydraulic ndi olamulira a ma microcomputer a digito a hydraulic. M'zaka zaposachedwa, olamulira omwe amatha kukhazikitsidwa adalowetsedwa mu makina oyendetsa liwiro la turbine, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kusokoneza komanso kudalirika kwakukulu; yosavuta ndi yabwino mapulogalamu ndi ntchito; kapangidwe ka modular, kusinthasintha kwabwino, kusinthasintha, komanso kukonza kosavuta; Iwo ali ubwino amphamvu kulamulira ntchito ndi galimoto luso; zatsimikiziridwa kwenikweni.
Mu pepalali, kafukufuku wa PLC hydraulic turbine dual adjustment system akufunsidwa, ndipo chowongolera chokhazikika chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira kusinthika kwapawiri kwa kalozera vane ndi paddle, zomwe zimathandizira kulondola kwa kulumikizana kwa chowongolera ndi vane mitu yamadzi osiyanasiyana. Zochita zikuwonetsa kuti makina owongolera apawiri amawongolera kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu yamadzi.
2. Njira yoyendetsera ma turbine
2.1 turbine regulation system
Ntchito yaikulu ya makina oyendetsa liwiro la turbine ndikusintha kutsegulidwa kwa makina opangira makina opangira magetsi moyenerera kudzera mwa bwanamkubwa pamene katundu wa mphamvu zamagetsi amasintha ndipo kuthamanga kwa unit kumapatuka, kotero kuti liwiro lozungulira la turbine likusungidwa mkati mwamtundu womwewo, kuti apange gawo la jenereta. Mphamvu zotulutsa ndi pafupipafupi zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito. Ntchito zoyambira zama turbine regulation zitha kugawidwa kukhala kuwongolera liwiro, kuwongolera mphamvu zogwira ntchito komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi.
2.2 Mfundo yoyendetsera ma turbine
Gulu la hydro-jenereta ndi gawo lomwe limapangidwa polumikiza hydro-turbine ndi jenereta. Gawo lozungulira la seti ya hydro-jenereta ndi thupi lolimba lomwe limazungulira kuzungulira kokhazikika, ndipo equation yake imatha kufotokozedwa motere:
Mu chilinganizo
——Mphindi ya inertia ya gawo lozungulira la gawo (Kg m2)
——Kuthamanga kwa angular (rad/s)
——Makokedwe a Turbine (N/m), kuphatikiza kutayika kwa mawotchi ndi magetsi a jenereta.
-- Jenereta kukana makokedwe, kutanthauza torque akuchita wa stator jenereta pa rotor, malangizo ake amatsutsana ndi kasinthasintha, ndipo imayimira mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya jenereta, ndiko kuti, kukula kwa katundu.
Pamene katundu amasintha, kutsegula kwa chowongoleracho kumakhalabe kosasinthika, ndipo liwiro la unit likhoza kukhazikika pamtengo wina. Chifukwa liwiro lidzachoka pamtengo wovomerezeka, sikokwanira kudalira luso lodziwongolera kuti likhalebe ndi liwiro. Kuti musunge liwiro la unit pamtengo woyambira pomwe katundu atasintha, zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pa Chithunzi 1 kuti ndikofunikira kusintha chowongolera vane kutsegulidwa molingana. Pamene katunduyo achepa, pamene torque yotsutsa imasintha kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 2, kutsegula kwa chowongolera kudzachepetsedwa kukhala 1, ndipo liwiro la unit lidzasungidwa. Choncho, ndi kusintha kwa katundu, kutsegula kwa njira yoyendetsera madzi kumasinthidwa mofanana, kotero kuti liwiro la hydro-jenereta unit likhalebe pamtengo wokonzedweratu, kapena kusintha malinga ndi lamulo lokonzedweratu. Njirayi ndikusintha liwiro la gawo la hydro-jenereta. , kapena turbine regulation.
3. PLC hydraulic turbine dual adjustment system
Woyang'anira turbine amayang'anira kutsegulira kwa mavane owongolera madzi kuti asinthe kuyenda kwa wothamanga wa turbine, potero amasintha ma torque amphamvu a turbine ndikuwongolera ma frequency a turbine unit. Komabe, pakugwira ntchito kwa turbine ya axial-flow rotary paddle turbine, bwanamkubwa sayenera kungosintha kutsegulira kwa mavane owongolera, komanso kusintha mawonekedwe a masamba othamanga molingana ndi stroko ndi mtengo wamutu wamadzi wa wotsatira wowongolera, kuti chowongolera ndi cholumikizira chilumikizidwe. Pitirizani mgwirizano pakati pawo, ndiko kuti, mgwirizano wogwirizanitsa, womwe ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya turbine, kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa tsamba ndi kugwedezeka kwa unit, ndi kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa ntchito ya turbine.
Ma hardware a PLC control turbine vane system amapangidwa makamaka ndi magawo awiri, omwe ndi PLC controller ndi hydraulic servo system. Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane kamangidwe ka hardware ka PLC controller.
3.1 PLC wolamulira
Wowongolera wa PLC amapangidwa makamaka ndi gawo lolowera, PLC yoyambira ndi gawo lotulutsa. Gawo lothandizira limapangidwa ndi gawo la A / D ndi gawo lolowera digito, ndipo gawo lotulutsa limapangidwa ndi gawo la D / A ndi gawo lolowera digito. Woyang'anira PLC ali ndi chiwonetsero cha digito cha LED kuti awonetsere nthawi yeniyeni magawo a PID, malo otsatirira, owongolera vane wotsatira komanso mtengo wamutu wamadzi. Voltmeter ya analogi imaperekedwanso kuti iwunikire momwe amatsatira vane vane pakakhala vuto la microcomputer controller.
3.2 Hydraulic kutsatira dongosolo
Dongosolo la hydraulic servo ndi gawo lofunikira pamakina owongolera ma turbine vane. Chizindikiro chotuluka cha wolamulira chimakulitsidwa ndi hydraulically kuti chiwongolere kayendedwe ka vane wotsatira, potero kusintha ngodya ya masamba othamanga. Tinatengera kuphatikizika kwa ma valve control valve main pressure valve mtundu wa electro-hydraulic control system ndi makina azikhalidwe zama hydraulic control system kuti apange mawonekedwe ofananirako a hydraulic control system a electro-hydraulic proportional valve ndi makina-hydraulic valve monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2. Hydraulic kutsatira dongosolo la turbine masamba.
Njira yotsatirira ya Hydraulic yamasamba a turbine
Pamene wolamulira wa PLC, electro-hydraulic proportional valve ndi position sensor zonse zili bwino, PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control njira imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza makina a turbine vane, udindo wa ndemanga ndi mtengo wotulutsa mphamvu zimaperekedwa ndi zizindikiro zamagetsi, ndipo zizindikiro zimapangidwira ndi wolamulira wa PLC. , kukonza ndi kupanga zisankho, sinthani kutsegula kwa valve ya valve yaikulu yogawa mphamvu kupyolera mu valavu yofanana kuti muyang'ane malo a wotsatira vane, ndikusunga mgwirizano wa mgwirizano pakati pa chowongolera, mutu wamadzi ndi valavu. Makina opangira ma turbine omwe amayendetsedwa ndi ma electro-hydraulic proportional valve ali ndi kulondola kwakukulu, mawonekedwe osavuta, kukana kuwononga mafuta, ndipo ndiosavuta kulumikizana ndi woyang'anira PLC kuti apange makina owongolera a microcomputer.
Chifukwa cha kusungidwa kwa makina olumikizirana ndi makina, mu electro-hydraulic proportional control mode, makina olumikizirana amagwiriranso ntchito mogwirizana kuti azitsata momwe dongosololi likugwirira ntchito. Ngati PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control system ikalephera, valavu yosinthira idzachitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo, ndipo makina olumikizirana ndi makina amatha kutsata momwe ma electro-hydraulic proportional control system akuyendera. Mukasintha, kukhudzidwa kwa dongosolo kumakhala kochepa, ndipo makina opangira magetsi amatha kusintha mosavuta kupita ku The mechanical association control mode amatsimikizira kudalirika kwa ntchito ya dongosolo.
Pamene tidapanga dera la hydraulic, tidakonzanso thupi la valve la hydraulic control valve, kukula kofananira kwa thupi la valve ndi manja a valve, kukula kwa kugwirizana kwa thupi la valve ndi valavu yaikulu ya valve, ndi makina Kukula kwa ndodo yolumikizira pakati pa valve ya hydraulic ndi valve yaikulu yogawa mphamvu ndi yofanana ndi yoyamba. Thupi la valve lokha la valve hydraulic valve liyenera kusinthidwa panthawi ya kukhazikitsa, ndipo palibe zigawo zina zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa. Mapangidwe a dongosolo lonse la hydraulic control system ndi lophatikizika kwambiri. Pamaziko osungiratu makina opangira ma synergy, makina owongolera a electro-hydraulic proportional control amawonjezedwa kuti athandizire mawonekedwe ndi wowongolera wa PLC kuti azindikire kuwongolera kwa digito ndikuwongolera kulondola kwadongosolo la turbine vane system. ; Ndipo kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza zolakwika kwa dongosololi ndikosavuta, komwe kumachepetsa nthawi yocheperako ya hydraulic turbine unit, kumathandizira kusintha kwa hydraulic control system ya hydraulic turbine, ndipo ili ndi phindu lothandiza. Panthawi yogwira ntchito pamalopo, makinawa amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri opanga magetsi ndi akatswiri amagetsi, ndipo akukhulupirira kuti akhoza kutchuka ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu hydraulic servo system ya bwanamkubwa wa malo ambiri opangira magetsi.
3.3 Kapangidwe ka pulogalamu yamapulogalamu ndi njira yoyendetsera
Mu makina oyendetsedwa ndi turbine vane oyendetsedwa ndi PLC, njira ya digito yolumikizirana imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira mgwirizano pakati pa mavane owongolera, mutu wamadzi ndi kutsegula kwa vane. Poyerekeza ndi njira yachikhalidwe yamakina a synergy, njira ya digito ya synergy ili ndi zabwino zake zochepetsera pang'onopang'ono, Ili ndi maubwino owongolera ndi kukonza bwino, komanso kuyanjana kwakukulu. Mapangidwe a mapulogalamu a vane control system amapangidwa makamaka ndi pulogalamu yosinthira machitidwe, pulogalamu yowongolera algorithm ndi pulogalamu yozindikira. Pansipa tikambirana njira zokwaniritsira magawo atatu a pulogalamuyi motsatana. Pulogalamu yosinthira ntchito makamaka imaphatikizapo gawo laling'ono la synergy, kagawo kakang'ono koyambira vane, kagawo kakang'ono koyimitsa vane ndi gawo laling'ono la kukhetsa katundu wa vane. Dongosololi likamagwira ntchito, limazindikira kaye ndikuweruza momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito, kenako ndikuyamba kusinthana kwa pulogalamuyo, ndikuchita zofananira zofananira, ndikuwerengera malo omwe apatsidwa mtengo wa wotsatira vane.
(1) Chigawo chochepa cha mayanjano
Kupyolera muyeso lachitsanzo la turbine unit, gulu la mfundo zoyezedwa pamtunda wolumikizana likhoza kupezeka. Kamera yolumikizira yachikhalidwe imapangidwa kutengera mfundo zoyezedwazi, ndipo njira yolumikizirana ya digito imagwiritsanso ntchito mfundozi kujambula ma curve olowa. Kusankha mfundo zodziwika pamapindikira olumikizirana ngati mfundo, ndikutengera njira yophatikizira yachidule ya ntchito ya binary, phindu la ntchito zomwe sizili pamzerewu wa mgwirizano zitha kupezeka.
(2) Njira yoyambira ya Vane
Cholinga cha kuphunzira lamulo loyambira ndikufupikitsa nthawi yoyambira ya unit, kuchepetsa katundu wa thrust, ndikupanga mikhalidwe yolumikizidwa ndi grid pagawo la jenereta.
(3) Vane stop subroutine
Malamulo otseka a vanes ndi awa: pamene woyang'anira alandira lamulo lotsekera, zitsulo ndi zowongolera zimatsekedwa nthawi imodzi molingana ndi mgwirizano wa mgwirizano kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa unit: pamene kutsegulidwa kwa kawongolero kamene kamakhala kochepa kuposa kutsegulira kosalephereka, kutsekedwa kwa vanes Pamene chiwongoladzanja chatsekedwa pang'onopang'ono, mgwirizano wa mgwirizano pakati pa chiwombankhanga ndi chowongolera sichisungidwa; pamene liwiro la unit likutsika pansi pa 80% ya liwiro lovotera, vane imatsegulidwanso ku ngodya yoyambira Φ0, kukonzekera kuyambanso kotsatira Konzekerani.
(4) Njira yoletsa kukana kwa tsamba
Katundu kukanidwa kumatanthauza kuti unit ndi katundu mwadzidzidzi kulumikizidwa ku gululi mphamvu, kupanga unit ndi madzi kupatutsidwa dongosolo mu mkhalidwe woipa ntchito, amene mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha magetsi ndi unit. Pamene katunduyo amakhetsedwa, kazembeyo ndi wofanana ndi chipangizo chotetezera, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ziwongola dzanja zitsekedwe nthawi yomweyo mpaka liwiro la unit litsike pafupi ndi liwiro lovotera. bata. Chifukwa chake, pakukhetsa katundu weniweni, mavane nthawi zambiri amatsegulidwa ku ngodya inayake. Kutsegulaku kumapezedwa kudzera mu mayeso okhetsa katundu wa malo enieni opangira magetsi. Ikhoza kuonetsetsa kuti pamene unit ikukhetsa katundu, osati kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro kumakhala kochepa, komanso gawolo ndilokhazikika. .
4 Mapeto
Poganizira zaukadaulo wamakampani oyendetsa ma hydraulic turbine bwanamkubwa wakudziko langa, pepalali likunena za chidziwitso chatsopano cha hydraulic turbine control kunyumba ndi kunja, ndikuyika ukadaulo wa programmable logic controller (PLC) pakuwongolera liwiro la seti ya hydraulic turbine generator. Wowongolera pulogalamu (PLC) ndiye pakatikati pa axial-flow paddle-type hydraulic turbine dual-regulation system. Kugwiritsa ntchito kukuwonetsani kuti chiwembuchi chimathandizira kwambiri kulumikizana bwino pakati pa chowongolera chowongolera ndi chowongolera pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yamutu wamadzi, ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu yamadzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-11-2022
