ʻO ka turbine counterattack he ʻano mīkini hydraulic e hoʻohana ana i ke kaomi o ka kahe wai e hoʻohuli i ka ikehu wai i ka ikehu mechanical.
(1) Kapili. ʻO nā mea nui i kūkulu ʻia o ka turbine counterattack ʻo ia ka mea holo, ke keʻena hoʻololi wai, ke ʻano alakaʻi wai a me ka pahu huki.
1) Holokino. ʻO ka mea kukini kekahi ʻāpana o ka turbine wai e hoʻohuli i ka ikehu o ke kahe wai i ka ikehu mechanical rotating. Ma muli o ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu wai, ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi nā hale kukini o nā ʻano huila counterattack like ʻole. ʻO Francis turbine runner ka mea i haku ʻia me nā lau i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ka lei aliʻi a me ke apo haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa nui ʻē aʻe; axial flow turbine runner ua haku ʻia me nā lau, ke kino holo a me ka cone drain a me nā mea nui ʻē aʻe: ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻolālā diagonal flow turbine runner. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kihi hoʻokomo ʻana me nā kūlana hana a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka wehe ʻana o ka vane alakaʻi. Aia ka laina waena waena o ka ʻili ma kahi kihi oblique (45°-60°) i ke axis o ka turbine.
2) Keena hoʻololi wai. ʻO kāna hana ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka mīkini alakaʻi wai, hoʻemi i ka nalowale o ka ikehu, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka turbine. Hoʻohana pinepine nā turbines nui a me waena i nā volutes metala metala me nā poʻo ma luna o 50m, a me nā volutes ʻāpana ʻāpana trapezoidal no ka poʻe ma lalo o 50m.
3) Mekani alakaʻi wai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia me kekahi helu o nā pahu alakaʻi streamlined a me kā lākou mau ʻano hoʻololi i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea holo. ʻO kāna hana, ʻo ia ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka kahe wai i loko o ka mea holo, a ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka wehe ʻana o ke alakaʻi vane, e hoʻololi i ke kahe kahe o ka turbine e hoʻokō i nā koi ukana o ka mīkini hana hoʻonohonoho, a ʻo ia hoʻi ke kuleana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wai ke pani ʻia.
4) Paipu kikoo. ʻO ke kahe o ka wai ma ka puka o ka mea kukini he ʻāpana o ka ikehu keu i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia. ʻO ke kuleana o ka paipu huki e hoʻihoʻi i kēia ʻāpana o ka ikehu a hoʻokuʻu i ka wai i lalo. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Draft tube i ʻelua ʻano, cone pololei a me ka curved. He helu ikehu nui ko ka mua a he mea ma'amau ia no na turbine li'ili'i li'ili'i a me tubular; ʻo ka hope he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hydraulic ma mua o nā cones pololei, akā he liʻiliʻi ka hohonu o ka ʻeli ʻana, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā turbines counterattack nui a me waena.
(2) Hoʻokaʻawale. E like me ke kuhikuhi axial o ke kahe wai ma o ka mea kukini, ua māhele ʻia ka turbine hopena i ka turbine Francis, ka turbine diagonal, ka turbine axial a me ka turbine tubular.
1) ʻO Francis turbine. ʻO Francis (radial axial flow a i ʻole Francis) turbine he mea kūʻē kūʻē kūʻē i ka wai e kahe radially mai ka pōʻai o ka mea holo i ke kuhikuhi axial. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano turbine kahi ākea o nā poʻo kūpono (30-700m), ʻano maʻalahi, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka turbine Francis nui loa i hoʻohana ʻia ma Kina ʻo ka Ertan Hydropower Plant, me ka mana hoʻopuka helu ʻia o 582 MW a me ka mana hoʻopuka kiʻekiʻe o 621 MW.
2) Axial kahe uila. ʻO ka turbine kahe axial he pahu hoʻokūkū kūʻē i kahi e kahe ai ka wai mai ka ʻaoʻao axial a kahe i waho o ka mea kukini ma ke ala axial. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano turbine i ʻelua mau ʻano: ke ʻano paʻa-blade (ʻano screw) a me ke ʻano rotary (ʻano Kaplan). Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻili o ka mua, a hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia nā lau o ka hope. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hiki wai o ka turbine kahe axial ma mua o ka turbine Francis. No ka mea hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kūlana me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ukana i nā lau o ka turbine hoe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ukana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana anti-cavitation a me ka ikaika mechanical o ka turbine kahe axial ma mua o ka turbine Francis, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana. I kēia manawa, ua hiki ke poʻo kūpono o kēia ʻano turbine i 80m a ʻoi aku paha.
3) ʻO ka turbine tubular. Kahe ka wai o keia ano turbine wai ma ke axial mai ka mea kukini, aole he kahuli ana mamua a mahope o ka mea kukini. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana he 3-20. . Loaʻa i ka fuselage nā mea maikaʻi o ke kiʻekiʻe liʻiliʻi, nā kūlana kahe wai maikaʻi, kiʻekiʻe ka maikaʻi, ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻenekinia kīwila, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻohe pono o nā volutes a me nā paipu curved draft, a ʻo ka lalo o ke poʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pono.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā turbines tubular i ʻelua ʻano: piha-through-flow a me semi-through-flow e like me ka pilina generator a me ke ʻano hoʻouna. Hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia nā turbines Semi-through-flow i ke ʻano o ka puʻupuʻu, ke ʻano shaft a me ke ʻano hoʻonui shaft. I waena o lākou, ua māhele ʻia ka ʻano hoʻonui shaft i ʻelua ʻano. Aia ke axis oblique a me ke axis horizontal. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻano tubular bulb, shaft extension type a me vertical shaft type i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana pū ʻia ke ʻano shaft i nā ʻāpana nui a me waena.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mīkini hana o ka ʻāpana tubular hoʻonui shaft ma waho o ke ala wai, a hoʻopili ʻia ka mea hana i ka turbine me kahi lāʻau ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ākea. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia ʻano hoʻonui shaft ma mua o ke ʻano puʻupuʻu.
4) ʻO ka turbine kahe diagonal. ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nui o ke kahe diagonal (i kapa ʻia ʻo diagonal) turbine aia ma waena o ke kahe hui ʻana a me ke kahe axial. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui, ʻo ia ka laina waena o nā ʻāpana kukini ma kekahi kihi i ka laina waena o ka turbine. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka pahu i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, no laila ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hāmeʻa pale hōʻailona axial i ka lua o ka hale e pale ai i nā pōʻino i hui ʻia nā lau a me ke keʻena holo. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka turbine kahe diagonal he 25 ~ 200m.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-19-2021
