Turbine counterattack wani nau'i ne na injina na ruwa wanda ke amfani da matsi na kwararar ruwa don canza makamashin ruwa zuwa makamashin injina.
(1) Tsari.Babban abubuwan da aka tsara na injin turbine na counterattack sune mai gudu, ɗakin karkatar da ruwa, injin jagorar ruwa da bututun daftarin.
1) Mai gudu.Mai gudu wani yanki ne na injin turbin ruwa wanda ke canza kuzarin kwararar ruwa zuwa makamashin injin jujjuyawar.Dangane da alkiblar juyar da makamashin ruwa, tsarin masu gudu na injin turbin daban-daban suma sun bambanta.Mai tseren injin turbine Francis ya ƙunshi raƙuman ruwan wukake, rawani da ƙananan zobe da sauran manyan abubuwan da ke tsaye;Mai gudu axial flow turbine mai gudu ya ƙunshi ruwan wukake, mai gudu da mazugi da magudanar ruwa da sauran manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa: tsarin mai gudu mai gudana na diagonal ya fi rikitarwa.Za'a iya canza kusurwar jeri ruwa tare da yanayin aiki kuma an daidaita shi tare da buɗewar vane jagora.Layin tsakiya na jujjuya ruwa yana a kusurwar da bai dace ba (45°-60°) zuwa madaidaicin injin injin injin.
2) dakin karkatar da ruwa.Ayyukansa shine sanya ruwa ya gudana a ko'ina cikin hanyar jagorar ruwa, rage asarar makamashi, da inganta ingantaccen injin turbine.Manyan turbines masu girma da matsakaici sukan yi amfani da madauwari madauwari-sashe karfe volutes tare da shugabannin sama da 50m, da trapezoidal giciye-section kankare volutes ga waɗanda ke ƙasa da 50m.
3) Tsarin jagorancin ruwa.Gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi takamaiman adadin saƙaƙƙen vanes na jagora da tsarin jujjuyawar su daidai gwargwado a kan gefen mai gudu.Aikinsa shi ne shiryar da ruwa daidai gwargwado zuwa cikin mai gudu, da kuma daidaita buɗaɗɗen vane ɗin jagora, don canza magudanar ruwa don biyan buƙatun lodin injin janareta, kuma yana taka rawa na rufe ruwa. idan an rufe shi sosai.
4) Draft tube.Gudun ruwa a mashigar mai gudu har yanzu yana da wani yanki na rarar kuzarin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba.Matsayin daftarin bututu shine maido da wannan bangaren makamashi da fitar da ruwa a kasa.Draft tube ya kasu kashi biyu, madaidaiciya mazugi da mai lankwasa.Tsohon yana da babban adadin kuzari kuma gabaɗaya ya dace da ƙananan injin turbin kwance da tubular;na karshen yana da ƙananan aikin hydraulic fiye da madaidaicin mazugi, amma yana da ƙaramin zurfin haƙa, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin manyan injina na counterattack manya da matsakaici.
(2) Rarrabewa.Bisa ga jagorancin axial na ruwa mai gudana ta hanyar mai gudu, tasirin turbine yana raba zuwa turbine Francis, turbine mai gudana diagonal, turbine mai gudana axial da turbine tubular.
1) injin turbin Francis.Francis (radial axial flow ko Francis) turbine turbine ne na gaba-gaba wanda ruwa ke gudana a cikin radially daga kewayen mai gudu zuwa axial direction.Irin wannan turbine yana da nau'i mai yawa na shugabannin da suka dace (30-700m), tsari mai sauƙi, ƙananan ƙarar da ƙananan farashi.Mafi girman injin turbin na Francis da aka fara aiki a kasar Sin shine tashar wutar lantarki ta Ertan, mai karfin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 582 da madaidaicin karfin fitarwa na MW 621.
2) Axial kwarara turbin.Axial flow turbine ne counterattack turbine wanda ruwa gudana daga cikin axial shugabanci da kuma gudana daga cikin mai gudu a axial shugabanci.Wannan nau'in injin turbin ya kasu kashi biyu: nau'in tsayayyen ruwa (nau'in dunƙule) da nau'in rotary (nau'in Kaplan).An gyara ruwan wukake na farko, kuma ana iya jujjuya ruwan wukake.Ƙarfin wucewar ruwa na axial flow turbine ya fi na Francis turbine.Saboda ruwan wukake na injin turbine na iya canza matsayi tare da canje-canje a cikin kaya, suna da inganci mafi girma a cikin sauye-sauye masu yawa.Ayyukan anti-cavitation da ƙarfin injin injin turbin axial ya fi muni fiye da na injin injin Francis, kuma tsarin kuma ya fi rikitarwa.A halin yanzu, shugaban da ya dace na irin wannan turbine ya kai mita 80 ko fiye.
3) Tubular turbin.Ruwan ruwa na irin wannan turbine na ruwa yana gudana axially daga mai gudu, kuma babu juyawa kafin da bayan mai gudu.Matsakaicin girman amfani shine 3-20..The fuselage yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga kananan tsawo, mai kyau ruwa kwarara yanayi, high dace, m farar hula injiniya, low cost, babu bukatar voluts da lankwasa daftarin tubes, da kuma ƙananan kai, da mafi fili da abũbuwan amfãni.
Tubular turbines an kasu kashi biyu iri: cikakken-ta-guda da Semi-ta kwarara bisa ga janareta dangane da watsa yanayin.An ƙara raba injin da ke gudana ta hanyar juzu'i zuwa nau'in kwan fitila, nau'in shaft da nau'in tsawo na shaft.Daga cikin su, nau'in tsawo na shaft kuma an raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu.Akwai madaidaicin axis da axis a kwance.A halin yanzu, nau'in tubular kwan fitila da aka fi amfani da shi, nau'in tsawo na shaft da nau'in shinge na tsaye ana amfani da su a cikin ƙananan raka'a.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an kuma yi amfani da nau'in shaft a cikin manyan raka'a da matsakaici.
Ana shigar da janareta na sashin tsawaita tubular shaft a wajen hanyar ruwa, kuma ana haɗa janareta zuwa injin turbine mai tsayi mai tsayi mai niƙa ko a kwance.Wannan nau'in tsawo na shaft ya fi sauƙi fiye da nau'in kwan fitila.
4) Diagonal kwarara turbin.Tsarin da girman diagonal kwarara (wanda ake kira diagonal) turbine suna tsakanin gauraye kwarara da kwararar axial.Babban bambanci shine cewa tsakiyar layin masu gudu yana a wani kusurwa zuwa tsakiyar injin turbine.Saboda halayen tsarin, ba a ba da izinin naúrar ta nutse yayin aiki ba, don haka an shigar da na'urar kariyar siginar axial a cikin tsari na biyu don hana hatsarori da ruwan wukake da ɗakin mai gudu suka yi karo.Matsakaicin girman amfani da injin turbine mai gudana shine 25-200m.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-19-2021
