Turbine yekupikisa imhando yemuchina we hydraulic unoshandisa kumanikidzwa kwekuyerera kwemvura kushandura simba remvura kuita simba remuchina.
(1) Maumbirwo. Zvikamu zvikuru zvemaumbirwo eturbine yekurwisa zvinosanganisira runner, water diversion chamber, water guiding mechanism uye draft tube.
1) Runner. Runner chikamu cheturbine yemvura inoshandura simba rekuyerera kwemvura kuita simba remakanika rinotenderera. Zvichienderana nekwakatangira simba remvura, maumbirwo erunner ematurbine akasiyana-siyana ekurwisa akasiyanawo. Francis turbine runner inoumbwa nemablades akasonwa, korona nering yepasi nezvimwe zvikamu zvikuru zvakamira; axial flow turbine runner inoumbwa nemablades, runner body nedrain cone nezvimwe zvikamu zvikuru: diagonal flow turbine runner chimiro chakaoma zvikuru. Angle yekuisa blade inogona kuchinjwa nemamiriro ekushanda uye inoenderana nekuvhurwa kweguide vane. Mutsetse wepakati we blade rotation uri pa oblique angle (45°-60°) ku axis yeturbine.
2) Kamuri rekutsausa mvura. Basa rayo nderekuita kuti mvura iyerere zvakaenzana muchikamu chekutungamira mvura, kuderedza kurasikirwa nesimba, uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kweturbine. Turbine hombe nedzepakati dzinowanzo shandisa mavolute esimbi akatenderera ane misoro iri pamusoro pe50m, uye mavolute ekongiri ane trapezoidal kune avo vari pasi pe50m.
3) Nzira yekufambisa mvura. Inowanzo umbwa nenhamba yakati wandei yemavane ekufambisa mvura akarongwa zvakanaka uye nzira dzawo dzinotenderera dzakarongwa zvakaenzana pamucheto pemumhanyi. Basa rayo nderekutungamira kuyerera kwemvura zvakaenzana mumhanyi, uye nekugadzirisa kuvhurika kwevane yekufambisa mvura, kushandura mwero wekuyerera kweturbine kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa nemutoro wejenareta, uye inoitawo basa rekuvhara mvura kana yavharwa zvizere.
4) Draft tube. Kuyerera kwemvura panobuda mvura muchina wemu ...
(2) Kupatsanura. Zvichienderana nekwakanangana kwemvura inopinda nemumuchina, turbine yeimpact yakakamurwa kuita turbine yeFrancis, turbine yediagonal flow, turbine yeaxial flow uye turbine ine tubular.
1) Francis turbine. Francis (radial axial flow kana Francis) turbine inorwisa mvura inoyerera kubva kudenderedzwa remumhanyi kuenda kudivi re axial. Rudzi urwu rwe turbine rune misoro yakasiyana-siyana inoshanda (30-700m), chimiro chiri nyore, vhoriyamu diki uye mutengo wakaderera. Francis turbine yakakura kwazvo yakashandiswa muChina iErtan Hydropower Plant, ine simba rekuburitsa simba re582 MW uye simba rekuburitsa simba re621 MW.
2) Turbine yeAxial flow. Turbine yeaxial flow iturbine yekupikisa umo mvura inoyerera ichibva kudivi reaxial yoyerera ichibuda murunner ichienda kudivi reaxial. Rudzi urwu rweturbine rwakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: rudzi rwe fixed-blade (rudzi rwescrew) uye rudzi rwe rotary (rudzi rweKaplan). Mablade epakutanga akagadzika, uye mablade ekupedzisira anogona kutenderedzwa. Kugona kwemvura kweturbine yeaxial flow kwakakura kupfuura kweFrancis turbine. Nekuti mablade eturbine ye paddle anogona kuchinja nzvimbo nekuchinja kwemutoro, ane kushanda kwakanyanya mukuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana kwemutoro. Kushanda kwe anti-cavitation uye simba remakanika returbine yeaxial flow kwakaipa kupfuura kweFrancis turbine, uye chimiro chacho chakaomawo. Parizvino, musoro unoshanda werudzi urwu rweturbine wasvika 80m kana kupfuura.
3) Tubular turbine. Kuyerera kwemvura kwerudzi urwu rweturbine yemvura kunoyerera zvakananga kubva mumumhanyi, uye hapana kutenderera kunoitika usati watanga uye mushure memumhanyi. Rutivi rwemusoro wekushandisa i3-20. . Fuselage ine zvakanakira zvehurefu hudiki, mamiriro akanaka ekuyerera kwemvura, kushanda zvakanaka, hunyanzvi hwekuvaka hushoma, mutengo wakaderera, hapana chikonzero che mavolute nemachubhu akakombama edhiragi, uye kana musoro wakaderera, zvakanakira zviri pachena.
Maturbine eTubular akakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: kuyerera kwakazara uye kuyerera kwehafu zvichienderana nekubatanidza kwejenareta uye nzira yekutumira. Maturbine eSemi-through-flow akakamurwazve kuita mhando yebulb, mhando yeshaft uye mhando yekuwedzera shaft. Pakati pawo, mhando yekuwedzera shaft yakakamurwawo kuita mhando mbiri. Kune oblique axis uye horizontal axis. Parizvino, mhando yetubular bulb, shaft extension uye vertical shaft inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvidiki. Mumakore achangopfuura, mhando yeshaft yakashandiswawo muzvikamu zvikuru nepakati.
Jenareta yechikamu chekuwedzera shaft tubular yakaiswa kunze kwenzira yemvura, uye jenareta yakabatana neturbine neshaft yakarebesa kana shaft yakatwasuka. Maumbirwo emhando iyi yekuwedzera shaft ari nyore kupfuura emhando ye bulb.
4) Turubine inoyerera neDiagonal. Chimiro nehukuru hweturubine inoyerera neDiagonal (inonziwo diagonal) zviri pakati pemvura yakasanganiswa neaxial flow. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti pakati pemablade ekumhanya pane imwe kona kusvika pakati peturbine. Nekuda kwehunhu hwechimiro, unit haibvumidzwe kunyura panguva yekushanda, saka mudziyo wekudzivirira chiratidzo chekusimuka unoiswa muchimiro chechipiri kudzivirira tsaona dzinoitika kuti mablade nerunner chamber zvikangane. User head range yeturubine inoyerera neDiagonal i25 ～200m.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-19-2021
